1
|
Mahajan K, Sharma P, Abbot V, Chauhan K. Ethosomes as a carrier for transdermal drug delivery system: methodology and recent developments. J Liposome Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38676416 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2339896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have received significant attention in recent years. TDDS are flexible systems that transport active components to the skin for either localized or systemic delivery of drugs through the skin. Among the three main layers of skin, the outermost layer, called the stratum corneum (SC), prevents the entry of water-loving bacteria and drugs with a high molecular weight. The challenge lies in successfully delivering drugs through the skin, which crosses the stratum corneum. The popularity of lipid-based vesicular delivery systems has increased in recent years due to their ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Ethosomes are specialized vesicles made of phospholipids that can store large amounts of ethanol. Ethosome structure and substance promote skin permeability and bioavailability. This article covers ethosome compositions, types, medication delivery techniques, stability, and safety. In addition to this, an in-depth analysis of the employment of ethosomes in drug delivery applications for a wide range of diseases has also been discussed. This review article highlights different aspects of ethosomes, such as their synthesis, characterization, marketed formulation, recent advancements in TDDS, and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikrant Abbot
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kalpana Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raghav SS, Kumar B, Sethiya NK, Pahwa S. Development and optimization of kaempferol loaded ethosomes using Box-Behnken statistical design: In vitro and ex-vivo assessments. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35394. [PMID: 38433621 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Kaempferol (KMP) belong to flavonoid class have developed in ethosomal formulation and were evaluated for their potential to treat diabetic foot ulcers. Even though ethosomes are highly deformable, they can pass through human skin intact. KMP ethosomes were formulated using the cold method and optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) (three-factor, three-level (33 )). The formulation variables used for optimization are drug concentration of KMP, soylecithin content, and ethanol percentage. The optimized formulation was examined using transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, in-vitro release, ex-vivo permeation studies, and storage stability. The optimized KMP ethosomes was found to have vesicle size (VS) of 283 ± 0.3 nm and zeta potential (ZP) of -29.67 ± 0.3 mV, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.36, % entrapment efficiency (%EE) of 91.02 ± 0.21%, drug loading (%) of 46.23 ± 2.5% followed by good storage stability at 4°C/60 ± 5% RH. In vitro drug release of optimized KMP ethosomes was 88.2 ± 2.75%, which was approximately double when compared with pure KMP release, that is 49.9 ± 1.89%. The release kinetics for optimized KMP ethosomes follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. An apparent permeation coefficient of 356.25 ± 0.5 μg/cm2 was determined and compared with pure KMP (118.46 ± 0.3 μg/cm2 ) for 24 h. According to the study, ethosomes can be a cutting-edge strategy that offers a new delivery method for prolonged and targeted distribution of KMP in a variety of dosage forms including oral, topical, transdermal, and so forth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Shilpa Pahwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nayak BS, Mohanty B, Mishra B, Roy H, Nandi S. Transethosomes: Cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:653-667. [PMID: 37062593 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a major route of drug administration. Despite the high surface area of the skin, drug delivery via the skin route is problematic due to its physiological obstacles. The formulation scientist has developed a vesicular system to enhance the skin's absorption of bioactive substances. Among numerous vesicular systems, concept of transethosomes (TEs) introduced in 2012 are being tested for drug delivery to the dermis. When transferosomes and ethosomes interact, TEs are produced. It consists of water, ethanol, phospholipids, and an edge activator. Ethanol and the edge activator increase the absorption of medication through the skin. In the presence of ethanol and an edge activator, skin permeability can increase. The advantages of TEs include increased patient compliance, bypassing first-pass metabolism, including non-toxic raw components, being a noninvasive method of drug delivery, being more stable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and administered in semisolid form. TEs can be produced through the use of hot, cold, mechanical dispersion, and conventional techniques. The morphology, shape, size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, vesicle yield, biophysical interactions, and stability of TEs define them. Recent studies reported successful transdermal distribution of antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular bioactive while using ethosomes with significant deeper penetration in skin. The review extensively discussed various claims on TEs developed by researchers, patents, and marketed ethosomes. However, till today no patens being granted on TEs. There are still lingering difficulties related to ethanol-based TEs that require substantial research to fix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bibaswan Mishra
- Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shinde P, Page A, Bhattacharya S. Ethosomes and their monotonous effects on Skin cancer disruption. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1087413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prominent diseases, affecting all continents worldwide, and has shown a significant rise in mortality and prevalence. Conventional therapy, including chemotherapy and surgery, has a few drawbacks. The ethosomal systems would be thoroughly reviewed in this compilation, and they would be classified based on constituents: classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. Ethosomes systems are model lipid vesicular carriers with a substantial portion of ethanol. The impacts of ethosomal system components, preparation techniques, and their major roles in selecting the final characteristics of these nanocarriers are comprehensively reviewed in this chapter. The special techniques for ethosomes, including the cold approach, hot approach, injection method, mechanical dispersion method, and conventional method, are explained in this chapter. Various evaluation parameters of ethosomes were also explained. Furthermore, ethosomal gels, patches, and creams can be emphasised as innovative pharmaceutical drug formulations. Some hybrid ethosomal vesicles possessing combinatorial cancer therapy using nanomedicine could overcome the current drug resistance of specific cancer cells. Through the use of repurpose therapy, phytoconstituents may be delivered more effectively. A wide range of in vivo models are employed to assess their effectiveness. Ethosomes have provided numerous potential skin cancer therapeutic approaches in the future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Babasahib SK, Born RW, Raghavendra NM. Trans ethosomal hybrid composites of naproxen-sulfapyridine in hydrogel carrier: anti-inflammatory response in complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis rats. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:59-70. [PMID: 35261304 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2047712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) utilizes Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or its combination, to decrease joint inflammation. In the present study, naproxen (NAP) and sulfapyridine (SULF) ethosomes were prepared by a thin-film hydration technique using PL90G and cholesterol, later crosslinked with carbopol®934. The ethosomes and ethosomal hydrogel were evaluated for rheological properties, physico-chemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo study. The results show, NAP and SULF ethosomes exhibited an average vesicle size between 251.1 ± 1.80-343.5 ± 3.23 nm and 269.0 ± 1.17-358.8 ± 1.22 nm, respectively, with good stability (zeta potential > 30 mV) and polydispersity index. Differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared studies reveal no significant changes in the drug properties of ethosomes. Transmission electron microscopy analysis discloses spherical shape vesicles below 200 nm. The entrapment efficiency of NAP and SULF ethosomes was above 66%, and NAP-SULF ethosomes-hydrogel (EH) exhibited a sustained release effect (>8 h). In vivo studies on NAP-SULF EH shows significant inhibition of inflammation (84.63%), with less paw volume (0.1935 ± 0.08 ml) on induced arthritis Albino Wistar rats, (p < .01). NAP-SULF EH was stable at 25 °C ± 0.5 for 3-months. To conclude, a hybrid composite of NAP-SULF in hydrogel carrier prevents inflammation effectively, and could be novel for trans delivery of drugs in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajeev Kumar Babasahib
- Centre for Nanoscience and Drug Development, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
| | - Roaddy Well Born
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chauhan N, Vasava P, Khan SL, Siddiqui FA, Islam F, Chopra H, Emran TB. Ethosomes: A novel drug carrier. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104595. [PMID: 36124209 PMCID: PMC9482122 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethosomal systems are newer lipid vesicular carriers that have been around for 20 years, but over that period they have grown significantly as a means of transdermal drug delivery. They have a sizable amount of ethanol in them. These nanocarriers carry medicinal substances with various physicochemical qualities throughout the skin and deep skin layers. Since they were created in 1996, ethosomes have undergone substantial investigation; new substances have been added to their original composition, creating new varieties of ethosomal systems. These innovative carriers, which can be added to gels, patches, and lotions, are prepared using several novel methods. In addition to clinical trials, many in vivo models are employed to assess the effectiveness of dermal/transdermal administration. This review focuses on different generation of ethosomes and their comparison with other conventional liposomes. In early December 2019, a large pneumonia epidemic occurred in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 therapy focuses on treating the disease's symptoms. Globally, numerous studies and researchers have recently started fighting this virus. This paper examines the main characteristics of coronavirus and the computational analyses necessary to avoid infection.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mousa IA, Hammady TM, Gad S, Zaitone SA, El-Sherbiny M, Sayed OM. Formulation and Characterization of Metformin-Loaded Ethosomes for Topical Application to Experimentally Induced Skin Cancer in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060657. [PMID: 35745575 PMCID: PMC9227071 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve the best treatment of skin cancer, drug penetration inside the deepest layers of the skin is an important scientific interest. We designed an ethosome formulation that serves as a carrier for metformin and measured the in vitro skin permeation. We also aimed to measure the antitumor activity of the optimal ethosomal preparation when applied topically to chemically induced skin cancer in mice. We utilized a statistical Box–Behnken experimental design and applied three variables at three levels: lecithin concentration, cholesterol concentration and a mixture of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol concentrations. All formulations were prepared to calculate the entrapment efficiency %, zeta potential, size of the vesicles and drug release % after 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. The size of the vesicles for the formulations was between 124 ± 14.2 nm and 560 ± 127 nm, while the entrapment efficiency was between 97.8 ± 0.23% and 99.4 ± 0.24%, and the drug release % after 8 h was between 38 ± 0.82% and 66 ± 0.52%. All formulations were introduced into the Box–Behnken software, which selected three formulations; then, one was assigned as an optimal formula. The in vivo antitumor activity of metformin-loaded ethosomal gel on skin cancer was greater than the antitumor activity of the gel preparation containing free metformin. Lower lecithin, high ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and moderate cholesterol contents improved the permeation rate. Overall, we can conclude that metformin-loaded ethosomes are a promising remedy for treating skin cancers, and more studies are warranted to approve this activity in other animal models of skin cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Mousa
- General Authority of Health Care, Ismailia Governorate, Ismailia 11517, Egypt;
| | - Taha M. Hammady
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Shadeed Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); or (S.A.Z.); Tel.: +20-1003934422 (S.G.); Fax: +20-643230741 (S.G.)
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.G.); or (S.A.Z.); Tel.: +20-1003934422 (S.G.); Fax: +20-643230741 (S.G.)
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh P.O. Box 71666, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 3155, Egypt
| | - Ossama M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra 41636, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kandil SM, Soliman II, Diab HM, Bedair NI, Mahrous MH, Abdou EM. Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate vesicular carriers for topical delivery; preparation, in-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation, factorial optimization and clinical assessment in melasma patients. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:534-547. [PMID: 35156490 PMCID: PMC9040897 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2036872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an antioxidant that is widely used in cosmetics in skincare products. Due to the excessive low stability of ascorbic acid in cosmetic formulations, the stabilized ascorbic acid derivative, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) was formulated as vesicular carriers; ethosomes and niosomes. The aim was to deliver MAP at the intended site of action, the skin, for sufficient time with enhanced permeation to get an effective response. Ethosomes were formulated using a full 32 factorial design to study ethanol and phospholipid concentration effect on ethosomes properties. Niosomes were formulated using 23 factorial designs to study the effect of surfactant type, surfactant concentration and cholesterol concentration on niosomes properties. The prepared formulations were evaluated for their Entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and % drug permeated. The optimized ethosomal and niosomal formulations were incorporated into carbopol gel and evaluated for their permeation, skin retention and stability. A comparative split-face clinical study was done between the ethosomal and niosomal formulations for melasma treatment using Antera 3 D® camera. The optimized ethosomal and niosomal gels showed comparable controlled permeation and higher skin retention over their ethosomes and niosomes formulations respectively. Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate ethosomal gel showed clinically and statistically significant melanin level decrease after one month while MAP niosomal gel showed clinically and statistically significant melanin level decrease after six months. A combination of MAP ethosomes and niosomes could be promising skincare formulations for melasma and hyperpigmentation short and long-term treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha M Kandil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University of Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman I Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Diab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shamas University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen I Bedair
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Diseases and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Mahrous
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University of Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtsam M Abdou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University of Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdallah MH, Lila ASA, Unissa R, Elsewedy HS, Elghamry HA, Soliman MS. Brucine-Loaded Ethosomal Gel: Design, Optimization, and Anti-inflammatory Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:269. [PMID: 34762193 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucine, one of the natural medications obtained from Nux vomica seeds, is used as an anti-inflammatory drug. Several investigations were performed to overcome its drawbacks, which will affect significantly its pharmaceutical formulation. The goal of the current investigation was to design, optimize, and evaluate the anti-inflammatory performance of BRU ethosomal gel. Brucineethosomal formulations were prepared using thin film hydration method and optimized by central composite design approach using three independent variables (lecithin concentration, cholesterol concentration, and ethanol percentage) and three response variables (vesicular size, encapsulation efficiency, and skin permeation). The optimized formulation was examined for its stability and then incorporated into HPMC gel to get BRU ethosomal gel. The obtained BRU-loaded ethosomal gel was evaluated for its physical properties, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation and skin irritation. Finally, carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema test was adopted for the anti-inflammatory activity. The developed BRU ethosomal gel exhibited good physical characteristics comparable with the conventional developed BRU gel. In vitro release of BRU from ethosomal gel was effectively extended for 6 h. Permeation of BRU from ethosomes was significantly higher than all formulations (p < 0.05), since it recorded steady state transdermal flux value 0.548 ± 0.03 μg/cm2 h with enhancement ratio 2.73 ± 0.23. Eventually, BRU ethosomal gel exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity as manifested by a significant decrease in rat hind paw inflammation following 24 h. In conclusion, the study emphasized the prospective of ethosomal gel as a fortunate carrier for intensifying the anti-inflammatory effect of Brucine.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang CW, Chuang MC, Chang CY, Chang CH, Yang YM. Stable Ethosome-like Catanionic Vesicles for Transdermal Hydrophilic Drug Delivery with Predictable Encapsulation Efficiency. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1391-1401. [PMID: 34497178 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-like pseudo-double-chained catanionic surfactants have emerged as the attractive materials to prepare potential vesicular carriers in drug and gene delivery applications. In particular, the semi-spontaneous process has been developed to fabricate ethosome-like catanionic vesicles for the transdermal drug delivery. In this work, Arbutin (a water-soluble drug) encapsulation efficiency of ethosome-like catanionic vesicles fabricated from decyltrimethylammonium-tetradecylsulfate (DeTMA-TS, CH3(CH2)9 N(CH3)3-CH3(CH2)13SO4) and decyltrimethylammonium-dodecylsulfate (DeTMA-DS, CH3(CH2)9N(CH3)3-CH3(CH2)11SO4) with various amounts of ethanol and cholesterol in tris buffer solution was experimentally determined. A simple unilamellar vesicle (ULV) model, resulting in the theoretical encapsulation efficiency within ±10% error for most vesicle compositions, was also developed. Such agreement indirectly confirmed the formation of unilamellar vesicles by the preparation method. Stable ethosome-like catanionic vesicles by using catanionic surfactants with the aid of suitable amounts of ethanol and cholesterol, which led to polydispersity index (PDI) values of vesicle size distribution less than 0.3, were successfully prepared and their hydrophilic drug encapsulation efficiencies can be accurately predicted. Furthermore, the linear correlations of the trap volume ratio with both vesicle size and concentration of the extra added CHOL also provide important guidelines for controlling the drug loading of ethosome-like catanionic vesicles. The accomplishments reached for the novel vesicles are useful for developing their transdermal drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Ming-Chen Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Chieh-Yi Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University
| | | | - Yu-Min Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Javed N, Ijaz S, Akhtar N, Khan HMS. Nanostructured Ethosomal Gel Loaded with Arctostaphylos uva-ursi extract; In-vitro/In-vivo Evaluation as a Cosmeceutical Product. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:706-720. [PMID: 34325633 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210729111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (AUU) being rich in polyphenols and arbutin is known to have promising biological activities and can be a potential candidate as a cosmaceutical. Ethosomes encourage the formation of lamellar-shaped vesicles with improved solubility and entrapment of many drugs including plant extracts. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to develop an optimized nanostructured ethosomal gel formulation loaded with AUU extract and evaluated for skin rejuvenation and depigmentation. METHODS AUU extract was tested for phenolic and flavonoid content, radical scavenging potential, reducing power activity, and in-vitro SPF (sun protection factor) estimation. AUU loaded 12 formulations were prepared and characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), vesicular size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (%EE). The optimized formulation was subjected to non-invasive in-vivo investigations after incorporating it into the gel system and ensuring its stability and skin permeation. RESULTS Ethosomal vesicles were spherical in shape and Zeta size, zeta potential, PDI (polydispersity index), % EE and in-vitro skin permeation of optimized formulation (F3) were found to be 114.7nm, -18.9mV, 0.492, 97.51±0.023%, and 79.88±0.013% respectively. AUU loaded ethosomal gel formulation was stable physicochemically and exhibited non-Newtonian behavior rheologically. Moreover, it significantly reduced skin erythema, melanin as well as sebum level and improved skin hydration and elasticity. CONCLUSION A stable AUU based ethosomal gel formulation could be a better vehicle for phytoextracts than conventional formulations for cosmeceutical applications such as for skin rejuvenation and depigmentation etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Javed
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ismail TA, Shehata TM, Mohamed DI, Elsewedy HS, Soliman WE. Quality by Design for Development, Optimization and Characterization of Brucine Ethosomal Gel for Skin Cancer Delivery. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113454. [PMID: 34200144 PMCID: PMC8201187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been extensively used for treating a wide variety of disorders. In recent times, Brucine (BRU) as one of the natural medications extracted from seeds of nux vomica, was investigated for its anticancer activity. As far as we know, this is the first study on BRU anticancer activity against skin cancer. Thus, the rational of this work was implemented to develop, optimize and characterize the anticancer activity of BRU loaded ethosomal gel. Basically, thin film hydration method was used to formulate BRU ethosomal preparations, by means of Central composite design (CCD), which were operated to construct (32) factorial design. Two independent variables were designated (phospholipid percentage and ethanol percentage) with three responses (vesicular size, encapsulation efficiency and flux). Based on the desirability function, one formula was selected and incorporated into HPMC gel base to develop BRU loaded ethosomal gel. The fabricated gel was assessed for all physical characterization. In-vitro release investigation, ex-vivo permeation and MTT calorimetric assay were performed. BRU loaded ethosomal gel exhibited acceptable values for the characterization parameters which stand proper for topical application. In-vitro release investigation was efficiently prolonged for 6 h. The flux from BRU loaded ethosome was enhanced screening optimum SSTF value. Finally, in-vitro cytotoxicity study proved that BRU loaded ethosomal gel significantly improved the anticancer activity of the drug against A375 human melanoma cell lines. Substantially, the investigation proposed a strong motivation for further study of the lately developed BRU loaded ethosomal gel as a prospective therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A. Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tamer M. Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 36362, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-56-478-7190
| | - Dalia I. Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 36362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wafaa E. Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 36362, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gupta P, Jha AK, Prasad M, Kushwaha P. Soft Malleable Vesicles: versatile carriers for efficient topical delivery of fungal therapeutics. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 71:54-61. [PMID: 33137836 DOI: 10.1055/a-1286-5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have become a subject of great concern and the incidence of fungal infections is increasing, presenting an enormous challenge to healthcare professionals. Since most of the fungal infections are occurring over the skin, the treatment option of these infections always involves topical application. However, in topical delivery drug reaches into systemic circulation through different barriers of skin. Nevertheless, due to the low permeability, skin restricts the movement of many drugs. Hence, a delivery system is required, which deliver the medicament into the skin layers or through the skin and into the systemic circulation. Ethosomes or Soft malleable vesicles are the novel lipid vesicular carrier that offer improved skin permeability and efficient delivery due to their structure and composition. They contain high concentration of ethanol, which increases the fluidity of the skin. Therefore, in the present paper, we have explored the utility of ethosomal systems in the topical treatment of fungal infections. Structure, compositions types, mechanism and techniques of preparation of ethosome also discussed in the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow.,Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology (Faculty of Pharmacy), Sultanpur
| | - Antesh Kumar Jha
- Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology (Faculty of Pharmacy), Sultanpur
| | - Mahesh Prasad
- Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology (Faculty of Pharmacy), Sultanpur
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dave V, Sharma R, Gupta C, Sur S. Folic acid modified gold nanoparticle for targeted delivery of Sorafenib tosylate towards the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Dave V, Bhardwaj N, Gupta N, Tak K. Herbal ethosomal gel containing luliconazole for productive relevance in the field of biomedicine. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:97. [PMID: 32099738 PMCID: PMC7005235 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study includes development, characterization, and optimization of herbal ethosomal formulation. The aim of the present study is to develop drug loaded ethosomes capped with Azadirachta indica (neem) which, was further incorporated in Carbopol 934 K thereby, resulting in the formation of ethosomal gel. The formulation is aimed to express effective treatment against fungal infection. The build was formulated using drug (Luliconazole), soyalecithin, ethanolic neem extract and propylene glycol. In total nine ethosomal, formulations of distinct concentrations of ingredients were processed, to determine out the optimized formulation among the all. Further the prepared drug loaded ethosomes were subjected to various evaluation parameters like particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI) and % entrapment efficiency. For the evaluation of its surface morphology, transmission electron microscopy was executed whereas, atomic force microscopy was carried out which contributes in detail and depth information of surface morphology. For the analysis of thermal behavior Thermal gravimetric analysis graph was obtained for luliconazole, soyalecithin, neem extract, physical mixture and optimized formulation (LF5). Attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy was performed for luliconazole, soyalecithin, neem extract, physical mixture, and optimized formulation (LF5) to examine the interaction between the drug and the excipients. Viscosity, pH, spreadability and extrudability of the ethosomal gel were calculated to determine the suitability of the formulation for topical application. In vitro drug permeation study and antifungal activity was executed out with the aid of Wistar albino rat skin model and tube dilution assay respectively. The complete study wrap up, that this herbal ethosomal approach provides advanced sustained and targeted delivery of luliconazole. On analyzing the results, ethosomal formulation LF5 was found to be optimized one, due to its optimum concentration of soyalecithin (300 mg) and ethanol (35%). Hence it has maximum entrapment efficiency of 86.56 ± 0.74%. Optimum vesicle size, zeta potential, and PDI were found to be 155.30 ± 1.2 nm, - 42.20 ± 0.3 mV, and 0.186 ± 0.07 respectively. In vitro drug permeation study expresses release of 83.45 ± 2.51 in 24 h whereas; the in vivo activity proved that LF5 is more active and effective against Candida parapsilosis in comparison to Aspergillus niger. In the end, it was estimated that ethosomal suspension and lyophilized ethosomal suspension was utmost stable at 4 °C/60 ± 5 RH. The complete study clearly indicates that the buildup of ethosomal formulation with luliconazole and neem extract show synergistic effect thereby, expressing excellent result against the treatment of fungal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dave
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Nishant Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022 India
| | - Kajal Tak
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan 304022 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rabia S, Khaleeq N, Batool S, Dar MJ, Kim DW, Din FU, Khan GM. Rifampicin-loaded nanotransferosomal gel for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: passive targeting via topical route. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:183-203. [PMID: 31916472 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, the targeting of rifampicin (RIF)-loaded nanotransfersomes (NTs) incorporated in chitosan gel for leishmania-infected macrophages via the topical route was investigated. Materials & methods: NTs were prepared through a thin-film hydration process and incorporated into chitosan gel. Results: The mean particle size of the NTs was 190 nm, with 83% encapsulation efficiency. The permeation rate of the NTs was threefold higher than that of the RIF solution. The NTs improved cellular internalization via passive targeting, which was confirmed by macrophage uptake evaluation. A low IC50 value, flow cytometry analysis and in vivo study demonstrated the RIF-loaded NTs enhanced apoptosis and had better antileishmanial effects. Conclusion: RIF-loaded NT gel could be a fitting carrier for the delivery of antileishmanial drugs in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Rabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Nadra Khaleeq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | | | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Fakhar-Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45230, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
F AG, Sayed OM, Abo El-Ela FI, Kharshoum RM, Salem HF. Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma Via Binary Ethosomes of Vismodegib: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:51. [PMID: 31900659 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vismodegib (VMD) is a hedgehog inhibitor which indicated for basal cell skin cancer (BCC). This work focuses on investigating the influence of isopropyl alcohol additive for topical delivering and targeting of VMD-loaded binary ethosomes for BCC treatment. Different binary ethosome formulae were prepared based on Box-Behnken design using different concentrations of phospholipid (A), cholesterol (B) and isopropyl alcohol/total alcohol ratio (C). The prepared formulae were characterized for %entrapment efficiency (R1), vesicle size (R2), %release (R3) and steady-state flux (R4). Increasing A, B and C resulted in significant increase of R1 and R2 and significant decrease of R3 and R4. The optimization was achieved and the optimum formula was selected to investigate its anti-tumour efficacy in vivo. The optimum formula showed a localized VMD and consequently a significant anti-tumour activity compared with oral VMD. Briefly, VMD-loaded binary ethosome gel could be an effective treatment of BCC with lower side effects. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dave V, Sohgaura A, Tak K, Reddy KR, Thylur RP, Ramachandraiah K, Sadhu V. Ethosomal polymeric patch containing losartan potassium for the treatment of hypertension: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4fa4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
Arora D, Nanda S. Quality by design driven development of resveratrol loaded ethosomal hydrogel for improved dermatological benefits via enhanced skin permeation and retention. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118448. [PMID: 31226472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a potent anti-oxidant agent and can be used for the effective management of different skin conditions like extrinsic skin ageing, psoriasis, etc. The objective of this research was to develop a dermal delivery system of resveratrol for its improved dermatological benefits for achieving its enhanced skin deposition profile with limited systemic exposure. Resveratrol loaded ethosomal hydrogel was developed and optimized using systematic Quality by Design approach. Firstly, the quality target product profile (QTPP) of ethosomal formulation was defined and critical quality attributes (CQAs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) were screened through risk assessment studies based on fish bone diagram. 32 full factorial design using Design Expert software was employed to optimize the selected CMAs. Concentration of phospholipid (X1) and concentration of ethanol (X2) were selected as independent CMAs. Vesicle size (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2), permeation flux (Y3) and drug deposition in dermal layer (Y4) were evaluated as dependant CQAs. Optimized formulation was then evaluated for physicochemical and skin permeation properties. Ethosomal hydrogel was able to significantly enhance the skin permeation parameters and skin deposition of resveratrol in comparison to the conventional cream. The results were highly ratified by CLSM studies in which ethosomal hydrogel was found to be vastly scattered in the deeper skin layers. Thus, there is evidence that systemically developed ethosomal gel can deliver enhanced amounts of bioactives into the skin and it is expected that a number of products for dermal/transdermal applications will be developed in the future based on it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Paliwal S, Tilak A, Sharma J, Dave V, Sharma S, Yadav R, Patel S, Verma K, Tak K. Flurbiprofen loaded ethosomes - transdermal delivery of anti-inflammatory effect in rat model. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:133. [PMID: 31170970 PMCID: PMC6554971 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethosomes have been widely used in Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) as they increase the permeation of drug across the skin. Methods Flurbiprofen loaded vesicular ethosomes were formulated, optimized and characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, poly dispersive index (PDI), microscopy using Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Interaction of drug and excipients were studied using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, ethosomal formulations of flurbiprofen were evaluated for stability study of three months and in vitro drug permeation study was carried out using albino rat skin. In addition, skin irritation test was evaluated by Draize test and in vivo study of prepared formulation was examined through paw edema assay by inducing carrageenan and cold plate method. Results Amongst all formulations, EF5 formulation exhibited ideal surface morphology, with maximum entrapment efficiency (95%) with optimal excipient concentration i.e. 200 mg phospholipid and 35% ethanol. The ideal vesicle size was achieved as 162.2 ± 2 nm, with zeta potential − 48.14 ± 1.4 mV with the PDI of 0.341. In-vitro permeation study shows a release of 82.56 ± 2.11 g/cm2 in 24 h and transdermal flux was found as 226.1 μg/cm2/h. Cold plate test indicates that the formulation EF5 showed a marked analgesic activity and Carrageenan induced paw edema test indicates that the formulation EF5 inhibits the increase in paw edema. Ethosomal suspension at 4 °C showed maximum stability. Conclusions The overall study concluded that this ethosomal approach offers a new delivery system for sustained and targeted delivery for flurbiprofen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1064-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Amita Tilak
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, SMS Medical College, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Dave
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Renubala Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Saraswati Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Kajal Tak
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paliwal S, Tilak A, Sharma J, Dave V, Sharma S, Verma K, Tak K, Reddy KR, Sadhu V. Flurbiprofen-loaded ethanolic liposome particles for biomedical applications. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 161:18-27. [PMID: 30951793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Present study deals with the preparation, characterization and in-vivo evaluation of flurbiprofen loaded ethanolic liposome which provides predetermined and controlled release of drug through a transdermal drug delivery system. Ethanolic liposomes were prepared by using flurbiprofen, phospholipon 90-G, and ethanol in varied concentration ratio. The prepared ethanolic liposomes were optimized and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersive index and % entrapment efficiency. FTIR study was performed to analyze the interaction between drug and excipient. To study the thermal behavior of the formulation DSC and TGA were carried out. The surface morphology of ethanolic liposome was performed with the help of SEM, TEM, and AFM. In-vitro drug permeation study of the optimized formulation was carried out using the albino rat skin model and peripheral nociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing assay. In addition, formulations were also inspected for stability study for three months at a different temperature. The optimized formulation EF5 exhibited a particle size of 167.2 ± 3.7 nm with a zeta potential of -51.6 ± 0.2 mV and PDI of 0.209. The optimized formulation showed an ideal surface morphology with a maximum % entrapment efficiency i.e. 93.51 ± 2.1. In-vitro permeation study shows a release of 70.23% in 24 h and transdermal flux was found as 238.2 μg/cm2/h. Writhing assay demonstrate that the optimized formulation decreases the number of writhes and thus shows the peripheral analgesic activity. In stability study, optimized formulation showed maximum stability at 4 °C. These results suggest that transdermal system mediated application of flurbiprofen loaded ethanolic liposome can be considered as an effective way to afford consistent and predictable release of flurbiprofen which could provide beneficial effects in the management of various inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amita Tilak
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vivek Dave
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kajal Tak
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Veera Sadhu
- School of Physical Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liposomes for delivery of antioxidants in cosmeceuticals: Challenges and development strategies. J Control Release 2019; 300:114-140. [PMID: 30853528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants (AOs) play a crucial role in the protection and maintenance of health and are also integral ingredients in beauty products. Unfortunately, most of them are sensitive due to their instability and insolubility. The use of liposomes to protect AOs and expand their applicability to cosmeceuticals, thereby, is one of the most effective solutions. Notwithstanding their offered advantages for the delivery of AOs, liposomes, in their production and application, present many challenges. Here, we provide a critical review of the major problems complicating the development of liposomes for AO delivery. Along with issues related to preparation techniques and encapsulation efficiency, the loss of protective function and inefficiency of skin permeability are the main disadvantages of liposomes. Corresponding development strategies for resolving these problems, with their respective advantages and drawbacks, are introduced, discussed in some depth, and summarized in these pages as well. Advanced liposomes have a vital role to play in the development and delivery of AOs in practical cosmeceutical product applications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nainwal N, Jawla S, Singh R, Saharan VA. Transdermal applications of ethosomes - a detailed review. J Liposome Res 2018; 29:103-113. [PMID: 30156120 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1517160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ of the body serves as a potential route of drug delivery for local and systemic effects. However, the outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum (SC) acts as a tough barrier that prevents penetration of hydrophilic and high molecular weight drugs. Ethosomes are a novel phospholipid vesicular carrier containing high ethanol concentrations and offer improved skin permeability and efficient bioavailability due to their structure and composition. This article gives a review of ethosomes including their compositions, types, mechanism of drug delivery, stability, and safety behaviour. This article also provides a detailed overview of drug delivery applications of ethosomes in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nainwal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research , Dehardun , India
| | - Sunil Jawla
- b School of Pharmacy, Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shobhit University Gangoh , Saharanpur , India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- b School of Pharmacy, Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shobhit University Gangoh , Saharanpur , India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research , Dehardun , India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dave V, Sharma S, Yadav RB, Agarwal U. Herbal liposome for the topical delivery of ketoconazole for the effective treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-017-0634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
Limsuwan T, Boonme P, Khongkow P, Amnuaikit T. Ethosomes of Phenylethyl Resorcinol as Vesicular Delivery System for Skin Lightening Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8310979. [PMID: 28804723 PMCID: PMC5540262 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8310979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethosome formulations containing phenylethyl resorcinol (PR) were developed. The formulation was produced from 0.5% w/v PR, 0.5% w/v cholesterol from lanolin, 3% w/v L-α-phosphatidylcholine from soybean, 30% v/v absolute ethanol, and water up to 100% v/v. It was characterized by a vesicular size of 389 nm, low polydispersity index of 0.266, zeta potential of -34.19 ± 0.44 mV, high PR entrapment efficiency of 71%, and good stability on storage at 4 and 30°C at 75% RH for 4 months. In vitro studies using pig skin revealed that permeation coefficient of PR from ethosomes was significantly higher than that from liposomes. In vitro retention profiles showed that PR accumulation in pig skin following application of ethosome formulations was 7.4-, 3.3-, and 1.8-fold higher than that achieved using liposomes, 20% propylene glycol solution, and 30% hydroethanolic solution, respectively. An inhibition value of around 80% was measured for antityrosinase activity of PR in pig skin. Consistently, ethosomes exhibited higher tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin content reduction when compared to other formulations in B16 melanoma cells. Ethosomes did not cause acute dermal irritation in albino rabbits. These findings demonstrate that ethosomes are capable of delivering PR into the skin efficiently and hold promise for topical application of skin lightening products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tunyaluk Limsuwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Boonme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery System, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pasarat Khongkow
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Amnuaikit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dave V, Yadav RB, Gupta S, Sharma S. Guggulosomes: A herbal approach for enhanced topical delivery of phenylbutazone. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
27
|
Transdermal glimepiride delivery system based on optimized ethosomal nano-vesicles: Preparation, characterization, in vitro , ex vivo and clinical evaluation. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:245-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Garg BJ, Garg NK, Beg S, Singh B, Katare OP. Nanosized ethosomes-based hydrogel formulations of methoxsalen for enhanced topical delivery against vitiligo: formulation optimization, in vitro evaluation and preclinical assessment. J Drug Target 2015; 24:233-246. [PMID: 26267289 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1070855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed for the development and characterization of ethosomes-based hydrogel formulations of methoxsalen for enhanced topical delivery and effective treatment against vitiligo. The ethosomes were prepared by central composite design (CCD) and characterized for various quality attributes like vesicle shape, size, zeta potential, lamellarity, drug entrapment and drug leaching. The optimized ethosomes were subsequently incorporated int Carbopol® 934 gel and characterized for drug content, rheological behavior, texture profile, in vitro release, ex vivo skin permeation and retention, skin photosensitization and histopathological examination. Ethosomes were found to be spherical and multilamellar in structures having nanometric size range with narrow size distribution, and high encapsulation efficiency. Ethosomal formulations showed significant skin permeation and accumulation in the epidermal and dermal layers. The fluorescence microscopy study using 123 Rhodamine exhibited enhanced permeation of the drug-loaded ethosomes in the deeper layers of skin. Also, the developed formulation showed insignificant phototoxicity and erythema vis-à-vis the conventional cream. The results were cross-validated using histopathological examination of skin segments. In a nutshell, the ethosomes-based hydrogel formulation was found to be a promising drug delivery system demonstrating enhanced percutaneous penetration of methoxsalen with reduced phototoxicity and erythema, thus leading to improved patient compliance for the treatment against vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Jain Garg
- a UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and
| | - Neeraj K Garg
- a UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and
| | - Sarwar Beg
- a UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- a UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and.,b UGC - Centre of Excellence in Nano Applications (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- a UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M. The ameliorated longevity and pharmacokinetics of valsartan released from a gel system of ultradeformable vesicles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1457-63. [PMID: 25953248 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1041638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study traces the development and characterization of the gel formulation of valsartan-loaded ultradeformable vesicles for management of hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prepared gel formulation of ultradeformable vesicles was evaluated for in vitro skin permeation, release kinetics, skin irritation, pharmacokinetics, and stability. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The in vitro skin permeation study showed that the gel formulation of ultradeformable vesicles presented a flux value of 368.74 μg/cm(2)/h, in comparison to that of the traditional liposomal gel formulation, with an enhancement ratio of 26.91, through rat skin. The data for release kinetics showed that the release profile followed zero-order kinetics, and that the drug release mechanism was non-Fickian. The results of the skin irritation study demonstrated that the prepared formulation was safe, less irritant, and well-tolerated for transdermal delivery. The results of the pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the AUC value of valsartan after transdermal administration was apparently increased. The formulation stored under a refrigerated condition showed greater stability, and results were found to be within the specification under storage conditions. CONCLUSION It is evident from this study that the gel formulation of ultradeformable vesicles of valsartan is a promising delivery system for lipophilic drugs, and has reasonably good stability characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aqil
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lim YM, Jun YK, Park S, Jin BS. Coencapsulation of L-Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol in Ethosomes and Their Properties. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2014.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
Topical delivery of aceclofenac: challenges and promises of novel drug delivery systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:406731. [PMID: 25045671 PMCID: PMC4086417 DOI: 10.1155/2014/406731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a common musculoskeletal disorder, is projected to affect about 60 million people of total world population by 2020. The associated pain and disability impair the quality of life and also pose economic burden to the patient. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed in OA, while diclofenac is the most prescribed one. Oral NSAIDs are not very patient friendly, as they cause various gastrointestinal adverse effects like bleeding, ulceration, and perforation. To enhance the tolerability of diclofenac and decrease the common side effects, aceclofenac (ACE) was developed by its chemical modification. As expected, ACE is more well-tolerated than diclofenac and possesses superior efficacy but is not completely devoid of the NSAID-tagged side effects. A series of chemical modifications of already planned drug is unjustified as it consumes quanta of time, efforts, and money, and this approach will also pose stringent regulatory challenges. Therefore, it is justified to deliver ACE employing tools of drug delivery and nanotechnology to refine its safety profile. The present review highlights the constraints related to the topical delivery of ACE and the various attempts made so far for the safe and effective topical delivery employing the novel materials and methods.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ahad A, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI, Alam MA. Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of carbopol loaded meloxicam nanoethosomes gel. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:99-104. [PMID: 24657163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current investigation is to develop nanoethosomes for transdermal meloxicam delivery. The ethosomes were prepared by varying the variables such as concentrations of phospholipids 90G, ethanol, and sonication time while entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and transdermal flux were the chosen responses. Results indicate that the nanoethosomes of meloxicam provides lesser vesicles size, better entrapment efficiency and improved flux for transdermal delivery as compared to rigid liposomes. The optimized formulation (MCEF-OPT) obtained was further evaluated for an in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Optimized nanoethosomal formulation with vesicles size of 142.3nm showed 78.25% entrapment efficiency and achieved transdermal flux of 10.42μg/cm(2)/h. Nanoethosomes proved to be significantly superior in terms of, amount of drug permeated into the skin, with an enhancement ratio of 3.77 when compared to rigid liposomes. In vivo pharmacodynamic study of carbopol(®) loaded nanoethosomal gel showed significant higher percent inhibition of rat paw edema compared with oral administration of meloxicam. Our results suggest that nanoethosomes are an efficient carrier for transdermal delivery of meloxicam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mbah C, Builders P, Nzekwe I, Kunle O, Adikwu M, Attama A. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of pH-responsive ethosomes for vaginal delivery of metronidazole. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M. Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent via nanoethosomes: Statistical optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment. Int J Pharm 2013; 443:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Rattanapak T, Young K, Rades T, Hook S. Comparative study of liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes and cubosomes for transcutaneous immunisation: characterisation and in vitro skin penetration. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:1560-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Lipid colloidal vaccines, including liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes and cubosomes, were formulated, characterised and investigated for their ability to enhance penetration of a peptide vaccine through stillborn piglet skin in vitro.
Methods
Liposomes and transfersomes were formulated using a film-hydration method, ethosomes using a modified reverse phase method and cubosomes using a lipid precursor method. The size, zeta potential, peptide loading and interfacial behaviour of the formulations were characterised. Skin penetration studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells with piglet skin as the membrane. The localization of peptide in the skin was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Key finding
The various formulations contained negatively charged particles of similar size (range: 134–200 nm). Addition of the saponin adjuvant Quil A to the formulations destabilised the monolayers and reduced peptide loading. Cubosomes and ethosomes showed superior skin retention compared with the other systems. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed greater peptide penetration and accumulation in the skin treated with cubosomes and ethosomes. With the other systems peptide was only located in the vicinity of the hair follicles and within the hair shaft.
Conclusions
We conclude from the in-vitro studies that cubosomes and ethosomes are promising lipid carriers for transcutaneous immunisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teerawan Rattanapak
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katie Young
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|