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Aminifard T, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The effects of ginseng on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5293-5311. [PMID: 34532035 PMCID: PMC8441279 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors including high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and high body weight. It can increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders, which are the important reasons for death around the world. Nowadays, there are numerous demands for herbal medicine because of less harmful effects and more useful effects in comparison with chemical options. Ginseng is one of the most famous herbs used as a drug for a variety of disorders in humans. The antihyperlipidemia, antihypertension, antihyperglycemic, and anti-obesity effects of ginseng and its active constituents such as ginsenosides have been shown in different studies. In this review article, the different in vitro, in vivo, and human studies concerning the effects of ginseng and its active constituents in metabolic syndrome have been summarized. According to these studies, ginseng can control metabolic syndrome and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Aminifard
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Ha TKQ, Pham HTT, Cho HM, Tran VO, Yang JL, Jung DW, Williams DR, Oh WK. 12,23-Dione dammarane triterpenes from Gynostemma longipes and their muscle cell proliferation activities via activation of the AMPK pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1186. [PMID: 30718856 PMCID: PMC6361897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging population is growing rapidly around the world and there is also an increase in sarcopenia, which is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength and function in the elderly population. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an essential sensor and regulator of glucose, lipid and energy metabolism throughout the body. Previous studies have shown that AMPK pathway activation by regular exercise and appropriate dietary control have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle. In the process of searching for new AMPK activators from medicinal plants, we isolated and characterized eight new 12,23-dione dammarane triterpenoids (1-3 and 5-9), as well as one known gypentonoside A from Gynostemma longipes. When all isolates were tested for their AMPK activation activities, seven compounds (1 and 3-8) were significantly activated AMPK phosphorylation in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cell lines. Since G. longipes contained a significant amount of active compound 1 (over 2.08% per dried raw plant), it suggested the potential of this plant to be developed as a functional food or botanical drug that enhances muscle proliferation by activating AMPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Thanh Tung Pham
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Van On Tran
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Do J, Gwak J, Rho JJ, Lee K, Irfan M, Rhee MH, Kim DC. Aqueous Extract of Taegeuk Ginseng Inhibits Platelet Aggregation and Thrombus Formation. J Med Food 2018; 21:1137-1144. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Do
- Korea Ginseng MFG Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Signalling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Signalling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Chung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon, Korea
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Wang H, Wu W, Wang G, Xu W, Zhang F, Wu B, Tian Y. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on lung injury in diabetic rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3323-3330. [PMID: 30362612 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside has been used to treat diabetes, while ginsenoside Rg3 is the main active ingredient component of ginseng and is used to study its effects on lung tissue damage in diabetic rats. In this paper, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry were applied to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells treated with different concentrations of Rg3. The inflammatory response and pathological change in the lung tissue of diabetic rats treated with Rg3 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and hematoxylin and eosin staining immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, PI3K and MAPK signaling pathway proteins in lung tissue were determined by Western blot analysis. The results showed that ginsenoside Rg3 had no significant influence on the proliferation and apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit inflammatory response and promote the activation of PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways to prevent damages of lung tissues induced by hyperglycemia. The protective effect provided by ginsenoside Rg3 indicates that ginsenoside Rg3 is a potential drug for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan Wang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenzhou Xu
- Departments of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Departments of Science and Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology of the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Lee JW, Ji SH, Choi BR, Choi DJ, Lee YG, Kim HG, Kim GS, Kim K, Lee YH, Baek NI, Lee DY. UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Applied for the Quality Evaluation of Four Processed Panax ginseng Products. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082062. [PMID: 30126124 PMCID: PMC6222836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the food industry and herbal markets, it is critical to control the quality of processed Panax ginseng products. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS)-based metabolomics was applied for the quality evaluation of white ginseng (WG), tae-geuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG). Diverse metabolites including ginsenosides were profiled by UPLC-QTOF/MS, and the datasets of WG, TG, RG, and BG were then subjected to multivariate analyses. In principal component analysis (PCA), four processed ginseng products were well-differentiated, and several ginsenosides were identified as major components of each product. S-plot also characterized the metabolic changes between two processed ginseng products, and the major ginsenosides of each product were found as follows: WG (M-Rb1, M-Rb2, M-Rc, Re, Rg1), TG (Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1), RG (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1), and BG (Rd, Rk1, Rg5, Rg3). Furthermore, the quantitative contents of ginsenosides were evaluated from the four processed ginseng products. Finally, it was indicated that the proposed metabolomics approach was useful for the quality evaluation and control of processed ginseng products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Seung-Heon Ji
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Bo-Ram Choi
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Doo Jin Choi
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Geum-Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Kyuil Kim
- Institute of JinAn Red Ginseng, JinAn 55442, Korea.
| | - Youn-Hyung Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
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Shen R, Laval S, Cao X, Yu B. Synthesis of Δ20-Ginsenosides Rh4, (20E)-Rh3, Rg6, and Rk1: A General Approach To Access Dehydrated Ginsenosides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2601-2610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renzeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tabandeh MR, Hosseini SA, Hosseini M. Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts antidiabetic action on C2C12 muscle cells by leptin receptor signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:370-378. [PMID: 28554304 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1286676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenoside Rb1 improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in muscle cells via different signaling pathways; however, it is not clear that it has any effect on leptin signaling in skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on leptin receptors expression and main signaling pathways of leptin (STAT3, PI3 kinase and ERK kinase) in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 myotubes were incubated with various concentrations of Rb1 (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) for different incubation times (1-12 h). Leptin receptors expression and GLUT-4 translocation were analyzed using realtime PCR and western blot analyses, respectively. PI3 and ERK kinases were blocked using their specific inhibitors (wortmannin and PD98059) in the presence and absence of RB1 to determine the main signaling pathway related to leptin receptor activation in C2C12 cells. RESULTS Rb1 could maximally stimulate both leptin receptors (OBRa and OBRb) mRNA and protein expression and phosphorylation of STAT3, PI3K and ERK2 in C2C12 myotubes at 10 μM for 3 h. Rb1 induced GLUT4 translocation was inhibited by the silencing of OBRb mRNA, demonstrated that glucose uptake was mediated via leptin receptor activation. GLUT4 recruitment to the cell surface induced by Rb1 was inhibited by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K in combination with OBRb siRNA, but not by PD98059 an ERK2 kinase-1 inhibitor, indicating that GLUT4 translocation induced by Rb1 was associated with the leptin receptor upregulation and subsequent activation of PI3K. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Rb1 promote translocation of GLUT4 by upregulation of leptin receptors and activation of PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- b Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
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Abstract
Although ginseng has been shown to have an antiobesity effect, antiobesity-related mechanisms are complex and have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated ginseng’s effects on food intake, the digestion, and absorption systems, as well as liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in order to identify the mechanisms involved. A review of previous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that ginseng and ginsenosides can increase energy expenditure by stimulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase pathway and can reduce energy intake. Moreover, in high fat diet-induced obese and diabetic individuals, ginseng has shown a two-way adjustment effect on adipogenesis. Nevertheless, most of the previous studies into antiobesity effects of ginseng have been animal based, and there is a paucity of evidence supporting the suggestion that ginseng can exert an antiobesity effect in humans.
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Kim YJ, Park SM, Jung HS, Lee EJ, Kim TK, Kim TN, Kwon MJ, Lee SH, Rhee BD, Kim MK, Park JH. Ginsenoside Rg3 prevents INS-1 cell death from intermittent high glucose stress. Islets 2016; 8:57-64. [PMID: 27246809 PMCID: PMC4987017 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1161874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenoside Rg3 has been proposed to mediate anti-diabetic effects, but their direct effect on pancreatic β cell viability and mechanisms are not clearly understood. Recent studies suggest that intermittent high glucose (IHG) could be more harmful to pancreatic β cells than sustained high glucose. There are few reports about the effect of the ginsenosideRg3 to β cell apoptosis and proliferation against IHG. METHODS INS-1 cells were treated with alternative glucose concentration with or without ginsenoside Rg3. Cell apoptosis and viability were detected by Annexin V staining and MTT assay. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was analyzed by Western blotting using specific antibodies. Quantification of secreted insulin protein was measured using rat/mouse Insulin ELISA kits. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining and florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed to compare cell proliferation. RESULT INS-1 cell viability was decreased under IHG and increased with Rg3 treatment.Rg3 significantly reduced the apoptotic INS-1 cells against IHG. The quantification of secreted insulin concentration was increased with Rg3. Rg3 increased INS-1 cell proliferation. ERK and p38 MAPK pathways reduced by IHG were activated by the ginsenoside Rg3. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg3 protected INS-1 cell death from IHG with reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Maryknoll Medical Center, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su Min Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Sook Jung
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Nyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mi-kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
- Mi-kyung Kim Haeundae-ro / 875 Haeundae Paik Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Haeundae-gu/ Busan, 612-896 (48108), Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Molecular Therapy Lab, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
- CONTACT Jeong Hyun Park Bokji-ro / 75 Busan Paik Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Busanjin-gu/Busan, 612-896 (48108), Republic of Korea
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Tabandeh MR, Jafari H, Hosseini SA, Hashemitabar M. Ginsenoside Rb1 stimulates adiponectin signaling in C2C12 muscle cells through up-regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:125-132. [PMID: 25311947 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.912237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rb1 ginsenoside, the key element of ginseng root, is widely used as an herbal therapeutic drug in diabetic patients. Various hypoglycemic mechanisms have been described for Rb1; however, to date, there has been no report on the effect of Rb1 on adiponectin signaling. OBJECTIVES The current study was performed to establish the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on the gene expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and their correlation to GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 myotubes were incubated with various concentrations of Rb1 (0.001-100 µM) for different incubation times (1-12 h). Real time PCR and western blot analyses were performed to investigate the expression changes of adiponectin receptors (AdRs) and GLUT4 translocation, respectively. Gene silencing of AdipoR1 using specific siRNA was used to determine whether inhibition of AdipoR1 would reduce Rb1-induced GLUT-4 translocation in C2C12 cells. RESULTS Rb1 significantly stimulated basal AdRs expression levels in a time and dose-dependent manner; the maximal effect was attained at a concentration of 100 µM and a time of 3 h (p < 0.05). In muscle cells, Rb1 increased GLUT4 translocations to the cell surface, which was correlated with increasing the adiponectin receptors gene expression. Rb1-induced GLUT4 translocation was inhibited by the silencing of AdipoR1 mRNA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 promote translocations of GLUT4 by activating the adiponectin signaling pathway. The results can be helpful in understanding the novel antidiabetic mechanism of Rb1 ginsenoside and gain further support for its use as an antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran and
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Choi HJ, Kim EJ, Shin YW, Park JH, Kim DH, Kim NJ. Protective Effect of Heat-processed Ginseng (Sun Ginseng) in the Adenine-induced Renal Failure Rats. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:270-6. [PMID: 23717128 PMCID: PMC3659590 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of orally administered sun ginseng (SG), which is a ginseng processed by steaming, was examined in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rat. SG significantly decreased both blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, indicating an improvement of renal function. Also, SG significantly increased the urinary excretion of both urea and creatinine. Furthermore it lowered the blood pressure, and inhibited adenine-induced kidney hypertrophy and edema. Based on these findings, SG may ameliorate chronic renal failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Jae Choi
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 130-702, Korea
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