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Al Marshoudi M, Al Reasi HA, Al Habsi A, Barry MJ. Additive effects of microplastics on accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in male zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138969. [PMID: 37244557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as contaminants of concern because of their ubiquitous presence in almost all aquatic environments. The ecological effects of MPs are complex and depend on multiple factors including their age, size and the ecological matrix. There is an urgent need for multifactorial studies to elucidate their impacts. We measured the effects of virgin and naturally aged MPs, alone, pretreated with cadmium (Cd), or in combination with ionic Cd, on the bioaccumulation of Cd, metallothionein expression, behavior, and histopathology of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to virgin or aged polyethylene MPs (0.1% MPs enriched diets, w/w) or waterborne Cd (50 μg/L) or a combination of the two for 21 days. There was an additive interaction between water-borne Cd and MPs on bioaccumulation in males but not in females, Cd accumulation increased by twofold when water-borne Cd and MPs were combined. Water-borne Cd significantly induced higher levels of metallothionein compared to MPs pre-exposed to Cd. However, Cd-treated MPs caused greater damage to the intestine and liver compared to untreated MPs suggesting that bound Cd could be released or modulate MPs toxicity. We also showed that co-exposure to water-borne Cd and MPs increased anxiety in the zebrafish, compared with water-borne Cd alone, suggesting using microplastics as a vector may increase toxicity. This study demonstrates that MPs can enhance the toxicity of Cd, but further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maklas Al Marshoudi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman; Current Address: College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTA), Muscat, PO Box 74, Al-Khuwair, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hassan A Al Reasi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman; Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, PO Box: 17, Postal Code: 123 SQU, Oman
| | - Aziz Al Habsi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Michael J Barry
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman.
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Shojaeepour S, Sharififar F, Haghpanah T, Iranpour M, Imani M, Dabiri S. Panax ginseng ameliorate toxic effects of cadmium on germ cell apoptosis, sperm quality, and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1884095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Shojaeepour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Imani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Qader A, Rehman K, Akash MSH. Genetic susceptibility of δ-ALAD associated with lead (Pb) intoxication: sources of exposure, preventive measures, and treatment interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44818-44832. [PMID: 34244947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) is involved in the synthesis of haem and exhibits a polymorphic nature. δ-ALAD polymorphism produces two alleles, namely δ-ALAD-1 and δ-ALAD-2, which in turn produce three different phenotypes, namely δ-ALAD1-1, δ-ALAD1-2, and δ-ALAD2-2. δ-ALAD gene is more susceptible to lead (Pb) toxicity than any other genes. Its genotype and phenotype frequencies change with respect to different geographical areas and extent of Pb exposure. The δ-ALAD-2 allele dominancy is linked with high concentration of lead in the body. It has also been thought that the δ-ALAD-2 allele can provoke Pb toxicity by producing a protein that binds more tightly with Pb than δ-ALAD-1 protein. However, few evidences suggest that δ-ALAD-2 may reduce harmful effects by increasing excretion of Pb from the body, thus producing its unavailability towards pathophysiologic alterations. However, the recent evidences have supported that the individuals who are heterozygote for the δ-ALAD-1 allele may be associated with a higher risk of long-term Pb toxicity. In this regard, the individuals who are exposed at occupational levels are among the most frequent study population. The main objective of our study was to explore the gene susceptibility associated with Pb poisoning. Moreover, this study also summarizes various sources of Pb exposure and thereafter outlined multiple strategies to minimize the Pb toxicity in order to save the exposed residential communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Balali-Mood M, Naseri K, Tahergorabi Z, Khazdair MR, Sadeghi M. Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643972. [PMID: 33927623 PMCID: PMC8078867 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial activities of the last century have caused massive increases in human exposure to heavy metals. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic have been the most common heavy metals that induced human poisonings. Here, we reviewed the mechanistic action of these heavy metals according to the available animal and human studies. Acute or chronic poisonings may occur following exposure through water, air, and food. Bioaccumulation of these heavy metals leads to a diversity of toxic effects on a variety of body tissues and organs. Heavy metals disrupt cellular events including growth, proliferation, differentiation, damage-repairing processes, and apoptosis. Comparison of the mechanisms of action reveals similar pathways for these metals to induce toxicity including ROS generation, weakening of the antioxidant defense, enzyme inactivation, and oxidative stress. On the other hand, some of them have selective binding to specific macromolecules. The interaction of lead with aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and ferrochelatase is within this context. Reactions of other heavy metals with certain proteins were discussed as well. Some toxic metals including chromium, cadmium, and arsenic cause genomic instability. Defects in DNA repair following the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage by the three metals have been considered as the cause of their carcinogenicity. Even with the current knowledge of hazards of heavy metals, the incidence of poisoning remains considerable and requires preventive and effective treatment. The application of chelation therapy for the management of metal poisoning could be another aspect of heavy metals to be reviewed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sadeghi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Abd Eldaim MAA, Abd El Latif AS, Hassan A, El-Borai NB. Ginseng attenuates fipronil-induced hepatorenal toxicity via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45008-45017. [PMID: 32772290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FPN) is a relatively new and broad spectrum insecticide that induces toxic effects to animals and humans through induction of oxidative stress. Ginseng is a medicinal plant that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Thus, the current study was conducted to evaluate the anti-toxic potential of ginseng aqueous extract (GAE) against FPN-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. Rats of the control group received distilled water. The second group was administrated with GAE at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. orally day by day for 6 weeks. The third group was intoxicated with FPN at a dose of 4.85 mg/kg b.w. orally day by day for 6 weeks. The fourth group was administrated with GAE 2 h before FPN intoxication. Intoxication of rats with FPN significantly elevated the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and serum levels of urea and creatinine, as well as increased malondialdehyde level and protein expressions of caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2 in hepatic and renal tissues. However, it significantly decreased hepatic and renal GSH content and catalase activity. In addition, it induced histopathological alterations in hepatic and renal tissue architectures. Conversely, concomitant oral administration of GAE ameliorated the FPN-induced biochemical, pathological, and histochemical alterations in both hepatic and renal tissues. This study indicated that ginseng attenuates FPN-induced hepatorenal toxicity, possibly via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Graphical Abstract CAL ABSTRACTPHIRAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouk Attia Abd Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Sheben Elkom, 32511, Egypt.
| | - Amira Shehata Abd El Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Borai El-Borai
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Ginsenoside Rg1 prevent and treat inflammatory diseases: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xiao Z, Jiang Y, Chen XF, Wang CQ, Xu WH, Liu Y, Hu SS, Huang XR, Shan LJ, Tang YH, Yang YB, Feng JH, Xiao X, Li XF. The Hepatorenal Toxicity and Tumor Response of Chemotherapy With or Without Aidi Injection in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 80 Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Ther 2020; 42:515-543.e31. [PMID: 32088021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapy-induced hepatorenal toxicity often decreases tolerance for further therapies and results in poor quality of life and prognosis for patients with lung cancer. In this meta-analysis, all related studies were systematically re-evaluated to determine whether Aidi injection relieves hepatorenal toxicity and improves tumor response, and to determine its threshold and the optimal treatment regimen for obtaining the desired responses. METHODS All studies regarding Aidi injection with chemotherapy were gathered from Chinese and English databases (from inception until January 2019). Their bias risk was evaluated and the data were synthesized using meta-analysis; the quality of evidence of all outcomes was rated by using the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. FINDINGS Eighty randomized controlled trials containing 6279 patients were included in the study. Most of the trials showed unclear risk of bias. Aidi injection with chemotherapy increased the objective response rate (risk ratio [RR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.25-1.40) and the disease control rate (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.12-1.17) and resulted in a lower incidence of hepatotoxicity (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.55-0.69) and nephrotoxicity (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.53-0.72) than that of chemotherapy alone. Subgroup analyses showed that treatment with 50 mL per time, 10 to 14 days per cycle, and 2 to 3 cycles of Aidi injection with chemotherapy resulted in a low incidence of hepatorenal toxicity. All of the results were robust, and their quality was moderate. IMPLICATIONS The moderate evidence indicates that Aidi injection with chemotherapy may improve tumor response and result in a low incidence of hepatorenal toxicity in patients with lung cancer. Aidi injection may relieve hepatorenal toxicity and exhibit an important protective effect against chemotherapy-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Based on the subgroup analysis results, Aidi injection seems to lower the threshold for chemotherapy. Treatment with 50 mL per time, 10 to 14 days per cycle, and 2 to 3 cycles may be the optimal usage for attaining a decrease in hepatorenal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiao
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Centre, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng-Qiong Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei-Hong Xu
- Grade 2017 Students, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Grade 2017 Students, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Hu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Huang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Jing Shan
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Hong Tang
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi-Bin Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
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Wang X, Wang T, Pan T, Huang M, Ren W, Xu G, Amin HK, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE. Senna alexandrina extract supplementation reverses hepatic oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic effects of cadmium chloride administration in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5981-5992. [PMID: 31863371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Senna alexandrina is traditionally used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but little information is available concerning its potential protective effects against cadmium, which is a widespread environmental toxicant that causes hepatotoxicity. Here, we explored the effects of S. alexandrina extract (SAE) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced liver toxicity over 4 weeks in rats. Rats were allocated into four groups: control, SAE (100 mg/kg), CdCl2 (0.6 mg/kg), and SAE + CdCl2, respectively. Cadmium level in hepatic tissue, blood transaminases, and total bilirubin as indicators of liver function were assessed. Oxidative stress indices [malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate/nitrite (NO), and glutathione (GSH)], antioxidant molecules [superoxide dismutase (SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione-derived enzymes, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)], pro-inflammatory mediators [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3), and histological alterations to the liver were examined. SAE administration before CdCl2 exposure decreased cadmium deposition in liver tissue and the blood liver function indicators. SAE pre-treatment prevented oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic reactions and decreased histological alterations to the liver caused by CdCl2 exposure. SAE can be used as a promising protective agent against CdCl2-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing Nrf2 expression. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Wang
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300051, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014030, Neimenggu, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Weihua Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Geliang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Hatem K Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Khafaga AF, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, Elnesr SS, Alagawany M. The potential modulatory role of herbal additives against Cd toxicity in human, animal, and poultry: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4588-4604. [PMID: 30612355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy and toxic metal and easily absorbed by animals and plants; subsequently, it is an environmental risk factor with several toxic effects in humans and animals. The main pathway of human or animal exposure to Cd is through its ingestion by water or food and by particles or fume inhalation during industrial processes. With continuous exposure to small levels of cadmium, it is being deposited in different tissues day after day, causing toxic effects on the liver, kidney, and testes. Long-term exposure to this toxic metal resulted in inflammatory infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes, degenerative changes in testis tissues, reduction in spermatocytes, degeneration in renal tubules, and hypertrophy of renal epithelium. Therefore, we need an effective treatment to overcome cadmium poisoning. Thus, in the current review, we try to provide compiled reports and summarize information about the toxicological effects of Cd in human, animals, and poultry. This review also provides updated information about the protective actions of herbs and herbal extracts and their role as an effective strategy in reducing or preventing serious health problems and tissue damage in response to Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22578, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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Mostafa DG, Ahmed SF, Hussein OA. Protective effect of tetrahydrobiopterin on hepatic and renal damage after acute cadmium exposure in male rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:516-531. [PMID: 30595070 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1559566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as one of the most important environmental and industrial pollutants. This study investigated the impact of acute exposure to Cd on oxidative stress and the inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the plasma of rats and the histological picture of liver and kidney, as well as to examine the potential protective effect of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). METHODS Rats were divided into control group, Cd group that received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. of CdCl2 and BH4+ Cd group that received a single dose of BH4 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and subsequently exposed to a single dose of Cd 24 h after the BH4 treatment. RESULTS Cd increased the plasma levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and IL-6 and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, it induced histopathological alterations in the liver with severe degeneration, especially in centrilobular zones. Renal tubular epithelium showed vacuolated cytoplasm and dense nuclei. VEGF expression was mild. Ultrastuctural changes were seen in some renal tubules. The nuclei appeared distorted with electron dense chromatin. Mitochondria with destructed cristae were observed. BH4 pretreatment had protective effects, since it significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and ameliorated the alteration in oxidative status biomarkers induced by Cd. Improvement of histopathological alterations was observed in Cd-groups. The nuclei were vesicular euchromatic, intact mitochondria and normal appearance of the filtration membrane. Moderate expression of VEGF was noted. CONCLUSION This study has provided clear evidence for the protective efficacy of BH4 against experimental Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia G Mostafa
- a Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
- b Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Fares Ahmed
- c Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Ola A Hussein
- c Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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Kim TW. Ginseng for Liver Injury: Friend or Foe? MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:E33. [PMID: 28930143 PMCID: PMC5456240 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Panax sp., including Panax ginseng Meyer, Panax quiquifolius L., or Panax notoginseng (Burk.) FH Chen, have been used as functional foods or for traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes, inflammation, stress, aging, hepatic injury, and cancer. In recent decades, a number of both in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as human studies have been conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of various types of ginseng samples and their components. Of these, the hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects of ginseng and their ginsenosides and polysaccharides are reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam-shi, Gyunggi-do 13488, Korea.
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Haziri I, Haziri A, Ozuni E, Mehmeti I. Dynamics of Malondialdehyde Depending on Cadmium
Concentration and their Relation with the Daily Weight Gain on
the Chicken Hybrid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2017.38.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cao H, Xing C, Zhuang Y, Gu X, Luo J, Guo X, Liu P, Zhang C, Hu G. Effect of Stress from Cadmium Combined with Different Levels of Molybdenum on Serum Free Radical and Expression of Related Apoptosis Genes in Goat Livers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:346-353. [PMID: 26758867 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human beings and animals; however, high dietary intake of Mo can lead to adverse reactions. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major transitional metals which have toxic effects in animals. The toxicity of simple Cd or Mo has been researched frequently. However, the toxicity of Mo combined with Cd was rarely studied. To investigate the toxicity of Mo combined with Cd in liver of goats, 36 Boer goats were randomly divided into four groups and assigned with one of the three oral treatments of CdCl2 (0.5 mg kg(-1) Cd) and [(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O] (15 mg kg(-1) Mo, group I; 30 mg kg(-1) Mo, group II; 45 mg kg(-1) Mo, group III), while the control group received deionized water. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 to determine antioxidant indices in serum. In addition, liver tissues were collected on days 0, 25, and 50 for detecting the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax. Moreover, liver tissues at 50 days were subjected to histopathological analysis with the optical microscope. The results revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malonaldehyde (MDA), and the activity of nitrix oxide synthase (NOS) and a significant decline (P < 0.05) in the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC). The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 was suppressed (P < 0.05), while the expression of Bax was increased (P < 0.05) in liver. The histopathological changes were observed in the liver of goats including a small amount of erythrocyte, the unclear structure of hepatic cord and hepatic sinusoid, granular degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, and steatosis. In conclusion, combined chronic toxicity of Cd with different levels of Mo might induce goat liver cell apoptosis and cause oxidative stress in serum, and it showed a possible synergistic relationship between the two elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Cao
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agriculture University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Lee YJ, Zhao RJ, Kim YW, Kang SJ, Lee EK, Kim NJ, Chang S, Kim JM, Lee JE, Ku SK, Lee BH. Acupuncture inhibits liver injury induced by morphine plus acetaminophen through antioxidant system. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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El-Mansy AA, Mazroa SA, Hamed WS, Yaseen AH, El-Mohandes EA. Histological and immunohistochemical effects of Curcuma longa on activation of rat hepatic stellate cells after cadmium induced hepatotoxicity. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:170-81. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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16
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Protective Effects of Korean Red Ginseng against Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats. Molecules 2015; 20:11604-16. [PMID: 26111184 PMCID: PMC6272318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that Korean red ginseng (KRG) provides a protective effect against alcoholic fatty liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% (w/v) alcohol or an isocaloric amount of dextrin-maltose for the controls for 6 weeks: normal control (CON), alcohol control (ET), and ET treated with 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight/day of KRG (RGL or RGH, respectively). Compared with the CON group, the ET group exhibited a significant increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol and the presence of lipid droplets in the liver, and a decrease in fat mass, which were all attenuated by KRG supplementation in adose-dependent manner. The mitigation was accompanied by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in the liver and adipose tissue. In addition, suppression in the alcohol-induced changes of adipose adipokine mRNA expression was also observed in KRG supplementation group. These findings suggest that KRG may have the potential to ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver by suppressing inappropriate lysis of adipose tissue and preventing unnecessary de novo lipogenesis in the liver, which are mediated by AMPK signaling pathways. A mechanism for an interplay between the two organs is still needed to be examined with further assays.
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Effect of thymoquinone on cadmium-induced toxicity of Leydig cells in adult male albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000464779.67869.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhai Q, Narbad A, Chen W. Dietary strategies for the treatment of cadmium and lead toxicity. Nutrients 2015; 7:552-71. [PMID: 25594439 PMCID: PMC4303853 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic heavy metals that cause adverse health effects in humans and animals. Chelation therapy, the conventional treatment for heavy metal toxicity, is reported to have a number of safety and efficacy issues. Recent studies have shown that dietary supplements play important roles in protecting against Cd and Pb toxicity. This paper reviews the evidence for protective effects of essential metals, vitamins, edible plants, phytochemicals, probiotics and other dietary supplements against Cd and Pb toxicity and describes the proposed possible mechanisms. Based on these findings, dietary strategies are recommended for people at risk of Cd and Pb exposure. The application of these strategies is advantageous for both the prevention and alleviation of Cd and Pb toxicity, as such supplements can be added easily and affordably to the daily diet and are expected to have very few side effects compared to the chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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González-Burgos E, Fernandez-Moriano C, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Ginseng in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 10:14-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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