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Ocampo-Godinez JM, Gonzalez-Quiroz JL, Cote-Palafox H, George E, Vergara-Lope Nuñez JA, Villagomez-Olea G, Vazquez-Vazquez FC, Lopez-Villegas EO, Leon-Avila G, Dominguez-Lopez ML, Alvarez-Perez MA. Primary explants of the postnatal thymus allow the expansion of clonogenic thymic epithelial cells that constitute thymospheres. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:312. [PMID: 37904232 PMCID: PMC10617125 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are responsible for shaping the repertoires of T cells, where their postnatal regeneration depends on a subset of clonogenic TECs. Despite the implications for regenerative medicine, their cultivation and expansion remain challenging. Primary explant cell culture is a technique that allows the seeding and expansion of difficult-to-culture cells. Here, we report a reliable and simple culture system to obtain functional TECs and thymic interstitial cells (TICs). METHODS To establish primary thymic explants, we harvested 1 mm cleaned fragments of thymus from 5-week-old C57/BL6 mice. Tissue fragments of a complete thymic lobe were placed in the center of a Petri dish with 1 mL of DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin‒streptomycin. To compare, thymic explants were also cultivated by using serum-free DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 10% KnockOut™. RESULTS We obtained high numbers of functional clonogenic TECs and TICs from primary thymic explants cultivated with DMEM/F-12 with 20% FBS. These cells exhibited a highly proliferative and migration profile and were able to constitute thymospheres. Furthermore, all the subtypes of medullary TECs were identified in this system. They express functional markers to shape T-cell and type 2 innate lymphoid cells repertoires, such as Aire, IL25, CCL21 and CD80. Finally, we also found that ≥ 70% of lineage negative TICs expressed high amounts of Aire and IL25. CONCLUSION Thymic explants are an efficient method to obtain functional clonogenic TECs, all mTEC subsets and different TICs Aire+IL25+ with high regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ocampo-Godinez
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose L Gonzalez-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Cote-Palafox
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth George
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jael A Vergara-Lope Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Central de Microscopia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Villagomez-Olea
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Febe C Vazquez-Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Materiales Dentales y Biomateriales, Departamento de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar O Lopez-Villegas
- Central de Microscopia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Leon-Avila
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Maria L Dominguez-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Marco A Alvarez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Improvement of Cell Culture Methods for the Successful Generation of Human Keratinocyte Primary Cell Cultures Using EGF-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111634. [PMID: 34829863 PMCID: PMC8615600 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin keratinocyte primary cultures can be established from skin biopsies with culture media containing epithelial growth factor (EGF). Although current methods are efficient, optimization is required to accelerate the procedure and obtain these cultures in less time. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of novel formulations based on EGF-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). First, biosafety of NLC containing recombinant human EGF (NLC-rhEGF) was verified in immortalized skin keratinocytes and cornea epithelial cells, and in two epithelial cancer cell lines, by quantifying free DNA released to the culture medium. Then we established primary cell cultures of human skin keratinocytes with basal culture media (BM) and BM supplemented with NLC-rhEGF, liquid EGF (L-rhEGF), or NLC alone (NLC-blank). The results showed that cells isolated by enzymatic digestion and cultured with or without a feeder layer had a similar growth rate regardless of the medium used. However, the explant technique showed higher efficiency when NLC-rhEGF culture medium was used, compared to BM, L-rhEGF, or NLC-blank. Gene expression analysis showed that NLC-rhEGF was able to increase EGFR gene expression, along with that of other genes related to cytokeratins, cell–cell junctions, and keratinocyte maturation and differentiation. In summary, these results support the use of NLC-rhEGF to improve the efficiency of explant-based methods in the efficient generation of human keratinocyte primary cell cultures for tissue engineering use.
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Patil R, Kale AD, Mane DR, Patil D. Isolation, culture and characterization of primary cell lines of human buccal mucosal fibroblasts: A combination of explant enzamytic technique. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:68-75. [PMID: 32508451 PMCID: PMC7269308 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_282_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell culture technique has become a routine and a popular method for its wide applications in the field of cell biology and biotechnology and in medical research. Isolation of primary cells over the cancer cells is an essential component of cell culture technology as they are the reliable source to understand normal physiological, morphological and molecular process of human cells. As fibroblasts are the prominent cells of the connective tissue of oral mucosa, many disease entities and histogenesis are linked to fibroblasts. Culture of oral fibroblast cells helps the oral biologists and researchers to study the morphological and molecular process in the oral diseases. Aim The aim of our experiment is to isolate and culture the human buccal mucosal fibroblast cells from healthy individuals using a combination of explant-enzymatic method and characterization of the cells by short tandem repeat (STR) profiling. Materials and Methods The tissue samples were collected from healthy individuals undergoing routine impacted third molar extraction. A combination of explant-enzymatic technique was used for the isolation from the tissue samples. The cells were further subcultured, maintained and stored as per the standard protocols. Thus, to confirm the oral fibroblasts of human origin and its uniqueness, they were characterized using STR profiling. Results and Conclusion Using the combination technique, we were successful in isolating the cells at a faster rate by detachment of cells on day 3 and confluency on day 10. The morphological assessment and STR profiling further confirmed that the isolated cell lines resemble human fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritiha Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Alka D Kale
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepa R Mane
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE's VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanashree Patil
- Dr Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Morino T, Takagi R, Yamamoto K, Kojima H, Yamato M. Explant culture of oral mucosal epithelial cells for fabricating transplantable epithelial cell sheet. Regen Ther 2018; 10:36-45. [PMID: 30581895 PMCID: PMC6298907 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carrier-free autologous mucosal epithelial cell sheets have been clinically utilized as a cell therapy for various epithelial disorders. Fabrication of a transplantable oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet without mouse feeder layers requires a higher seeding density than that of a sheet with mouse feeder layer culture; therefore, a large amount of donor mucosal tissue is needed. However, cell grafts co-cultured with mouse feeder layers are classified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as xenogeneic products. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of oral mucosal epithelial cells expanded by primary explant culture for the fabrication of an adequate number of transplantable epithelial cell sheets without mouse feeder layers. Methods Small fragments derived from minced oral mucosal tissue were placed into culture dishes for primary explant culture in keratinocyte culture medium. After primary explant culture, the outgrown cells were treated with trypsin-EDTA and were seeded on a temperature-responsive cell culture insert. After subculture, the cultured cells were harvested as a confluent cell sheet from the culture vessel by temperature reduction. Results Carrier-free human oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were fabricated in all human cases, and autologous transplantation of the harvested cell sheets showed rapid epithelial regeneration to cover epithelial defects in a rabbit model. The explant culture method, involving the use of small fragments for primary culture, was sufficient for preparing a large number of mucosal epithelial cells without mouse feeder layers. Moreover, oral mucosal epithelial cells derived from the primary explant culture after cryopreservation allowed for the fabrication of cell sheets. Conclusions This method for fabricating transplantable oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets is an attractive technique for regenerative medicine. It offers a patient-friendly manufacturing method in which a small amount of biopsy material from the patient represents a sufficient epithelial cell source, and a manufacturing plan for preparing cell grafts can be easily tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunetaro Morino
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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