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Mutoh N, Kakiuchi I, Kato K, Xu C, Iwabuchi N, Ayukawa M, Kiyosawa K, Igarashi K, Tanaka M, Nakamura M, Miyasaka M. Heat-Killed L. helveticus Enhances Positive Mood States: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:973. [PMID: 37371451 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When mood states are impaired, daily life is severely disrupted. To maintain a specific mood state, both positive and negative moods must be controlled; however, methods to maintain a positive mood have not been fully established. Previous studies have suggested that heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 has the potential to improve positive moods. This study aimed to test the efficacy of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 in maintaining and improving a positive mood with PANAS, a questionnaire specifically designed to assess positive and negative mood, as the primary endpoint. Healthy Japanese nursing students (n = 46) were randomized to receive heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 (5 billion/day) or placebo powder for four weeks. Mood state was assessed before and two and four weeks after the intervention began; ingestion of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 significantly improved PANAS 'Positive Affect' compared to the placebo. These results indicate that heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 is effective in enhancing positive mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Mutoh
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Izumi Kakiuchi
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kato
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chendong Xu
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayo Ayukawa
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kiyosawa
- Department of Nursing, Matsumoto Junior College, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazumi Igarashi
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Matsumoto City Hospital, 4417-180 Hata, Matsumoto-City 390-1401, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mitsunaga Miyasaka
- Faculty of Nursing, Matsumoto College of Nursing, 3118, Sasaga, Matsumoto-City 399-0033, Nagano, Japan
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2
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Mutoh N, Kakiuchi I, Hiraku A, Iwabuchi N, Kiyosawa K, Igarashi K, Tanaka M, Nakamura M, Miyasaka M. Heat-killed Lactobacillus helveticus improves mood states: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:109-118. [PMID: 37026368 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus helveticus MCC1848 on daily mood states in healthy young adults. Participants (n=58) were randomised to receive heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 powder or placebo powder for 4 weeks. During the study period, adverse events were recorded in the participant diary. Mood states were assessed before and 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of the intervention. The primary outcomes were the shortened version of the Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS 2) scores. Secondary outcomes included other mood state (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); visual analogue scale (VAS)), quality of life (acute form of the SF-36v2), sleep (Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS)) and fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS)) scores. Four weeks of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 intake, compared to placebo, significantly improved the shortened version of the POMS 2 'friendliness' and the VAS 'relaxed' scores, which are two indicators of positive mood states. On the other hand, heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 intake had no significant effects on negative mood state items (e.g. anger, nervousness, confusion) assessed by the shortened version of the POMS 2, STAI and VAS. AIS and CFS scores also showed no significant differences. No adverse effects were observed with 4 weeks of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 intake. These results suggest that daily consumption of heat-killed L. helveticus MCC1848 is safe and has the potential to improve positive mood states. UMIN Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN000043697.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mutoh
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 2528583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - I Kakiuchi
- Department of Nursing, Matsumoto Junior College, 3118, Sasaga, 399-0033, Matsumoto-city, Nagano, Japan
| | - A Hiraku
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 2528583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N Iwabuchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 2528583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Kiyosawa
- Department of Nursing, Matsumoto Junior College, 3118, Sasaga, 399-0033, Matsumoto-city, Nagano, Japan
| | - K Igarashi
- Department of Nursing, Matsumoto Junior College, 3118, Sasaga, 399-0033, Matsumoto-city, Nagano, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 2528583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Nakamura
- Matsumoto City Hospital, 4417-180 Hata, 390-1401 Matsumoto-city, Nagano, Japan
| | - M Miyasaka
- Department of Nursing, Matsumoto Junior College, 3118, Sasaga, 399-0033, Matsumoto-city, Nagano, Japan
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Soffer-Dudek N. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dissociative experiences: Suggested underlying mechanisms and implications for science and practice. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132800. [PMID: 37051604 PMCID: PMC10084853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong and specific link between obsessive-compulsive disorder or symptoms (OCD/S) and a tendency for dissociative experiences (e.g., depersonalization-derealization, absorption and imaginative involvement) cannot be explained by trauma and is poorly understood. The present theoretical formulation proposes five different models conceptualizing the relationship. According to Model 1, dissociative experiences result from OCD/S through inward-focused attention and repetition. According to Model 2, dissociative absorption causally brings about both OCD/S and associated cognitive risk factors, such as thought-action fusion, partly through impoverished sense of agency. The remaining models highlight common underlying causal mechanisms: temporo-parietal abnormalities impairing embodiment and sensory integration (Model 3); sleep alterations causing sleepiness and dreamlike thought or mixed sleep-wake states (Model 4); and a hyperactive, intrusive imagery system with a tendency for pictorial thinking (Model 5). The latter model relates to Maladaptive Daydreaming, a suggested dissociative syndrome with strong ties to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. These five models point to potential directions for future research, as these theoretical accounts may aid the two fields in interacting with each other, to the benefit of both. Finally, several dissociation-informed paths for further developing clinical intervention in OCD are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Soffer-Dudek
- The Consciousness and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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Vaseghi S, Mostafavijabbari A, Alizadeh MS, Ghaffarzadegan R, Kholghi G, Zarrindast MR. Intricate role of sleep deprivation in modulating depression: focusing on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, cortisol, and TNF-α. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:195-219. [PMID: 36399239 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we aimed to discuss intricate roles of SD in modulating depression in preclinical and clinical studies. Decades of research have shown the inconsistent effects of SD on depression, focusing on SD duration. However, inconsistent role of SD seems to be more complicated, and SD duration cannot be the only one factor. Regarding this issue, we chose some important factors involved in the effects of SD on cognitive functions and mood including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serotonin, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). It was concluded that SD has a wide-range of inconsistent effects on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, and cortisol levels. It was noted that BDNF diurnal rhythm is significantly involved in the modulatory role of SD in depression. Furthermore, the important role of VEGF in blood-brain barrier permeability which is involved in modulating depression was discussed. It was also noted that there is a negative correlation between cortisol and BDNF that modulates depression. Eventually, it was concluded that TNF-α regulates sleep/wake cycle and is involved in the vulnerability to cognitive and behavioral impairments following SD. TNF-α also increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier which is accompanied by depressive behavior. In sum, it was suggested that future studies should focus on these mechanisms/factors to better investigate the reasons behind intricate roles of SD in modulating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad-Sadegh Alizadeh
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghaffarzadegan
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lynn SJ, Polizzi C, Merckelbach H, Chiu CD, Maxwell R, van Heugten D, Lilienfeld SO. Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders Reconsidered: Beyond Sociocognitive and Trauma Models Toward a Transtheoretical Framework. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:259-289. [PMID: 35226824 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For more than 30 years, the posttraumatic model (PTM) and the sociocognitive model (SCM) of dissociation have vied for attention and empirical support. We contend that neither perspective provides a satisfactory account and that dissociation and dissociative disorders (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder) can be understood as failures of normally adaptive systems and functions. We argue for a more encompassing transdiagnostic and transtheoretical perspective that considers potentially interactive variables including sleep disturbances; impaired self-regulation and inhibition of negative cognitions and affects; hyperassociation and set shifts; and deficits in reality testing, source attributions, and metacognition. We present an overview of the field of dissociation, delineate uncontested and converging claims across perspectives, summarize key multivariable studies in support of our framework, and identify empirical pathways for future research to advance our understanding of dissociation, including studies of highly adverse events and dissociation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jay Lynn
- Psychology Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA;
| | - Craig Polizzi
- Psychology Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA;
| | - Harald Merckelbach
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chui-De Chiu
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Reed Maxwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Dalena van Heugten
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Quaedackers L, Droogleever Fortuyn H, Van Gilst M, Lappenschaar M, Overeem S. Dissociative Symptoms are Highly Prevalent in Adults with Narcolepsy Type 1. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:63-73. [PMID: 33594925 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1888729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The core symptoms of narcolepsy such as excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy are well known. However, there is mounting evidence for a much broader symptom spectrum, including psychiatric symptoms. Disordered sleep has previously been linked with dissociative symptoms, which may imply that patients with narcolepsy are more prone to develop such symptoms. OBJECTIVES To investigate the frequency of dissociative symptoms in adult patients with narcolepsy type 1 compared to population controls. METHODS In a retrospective case control study, sixty adult patients fulfilling the criteria for narcolepsy type 1 and 120 matched population control subjects received a structured interview using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) to assess dissociative symptoms and disorders. RESULTS A majority of narcolepsy patients reported dissociative symptoms, and even fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria of a dissociative disorder (62% vs 1% in controls, p < .001). Most frequently reported symptoms were "dissociative amnesia" (37% vs 1%, p < .001) and "dissociative disorder of voluntary movement" (32% vs 1%, p < .001). CONCLUSION Dissociative symptoms are strikingly prevalent in adult patients with narcolepsy type 1. Although a formal diagnosis of dissociation disorder should not be made as the symptoms can be explained by narcolepsy as an underlying condition, the findings do illustrate the extent and severity of the dissociative symptoms. As for the pathophysiological mechanism, there may be symptom overlap between narcolepsy and dissociation disorder. However, there may also be a more direct link between disrupted sleep and dissociative symptoms. In either case, the high frequency of occurrence of dissociative symptoms should result in an active inquiry by doctors, to improve therapeutic management and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Quaedackers
- Center for Sleep Medicine Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands.,Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hal Droogleever Fortuyn
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Van Gilst
- Center for Sleep Medicine Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Diagnostics Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Lappenschaar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Overeem
- Center for Sleep Medicine Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Diagnostics Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Cavicchioli M, Scalabrini A, Northoff G, Mucci C, Ogliari A, Maffei C. Dissociation and emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:370-387. [PMID: 34592484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical and neurobiological models posited that dissociative mechanisms might affect processes involved in emotional generation and regulation. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework that systematically includes dissociation within emotional functioning. METHODS The current study aims at conducting a meta-analytic review on the relationship between dissociation and emotion regulation in order to empirically estimate to what extent dissociation is related to emotion regulation processes. The meta-analysis was based on r coefficient as effect size measure, using a random-effect approach. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 57 independent studies for a total of 11596 individuals. Findings showed an overall moderate relationship between dissociation and emotion regulation (rw = .32; p < .05). The association between dissociation and emotion regulation was the same among clinical samples than non-clinical ones. Furthermore, dissociation showed moderate to large relationships with maladaptive domains of emotion regulation, namely disengagement (rw = 0.34; p < .01) (i.e., behavioral avoidance, experiential avoidance, thought and emotional suppression) and aversive cognitive perseveration (rw = 0.38; p < .001) (i.e., rumination, worry and nonacceptance). The analysis did not find significant relationship between dissociation and adaptive domain of emotional regulation (i.e., problem solving, mindfulness). CONCLUSION Dissociation in the context of emotion regulation might be viewed as a basic neuro-mental mechanism that automatically contribute to the over-modulation of emotional states through avoidance reactions from internal and external reality. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationships between dissociation and emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milano (MI), Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milano (MI), Italy.
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti (CH), Italy.
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310013, China; Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Tianmu Road 305, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310013, China; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research & University of Ottawa. Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 145 Carling Avenue, Rm. 6435, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Clara Mucci
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Ogliari
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milano (MI), Italy; Child in Mind Lab, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milano (MI), Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milano (MI), Italy
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Newson M, Khurana R, Cazorla F, van Mulukom V. 'I Get High With a Little Help From My Friends' - How Raves Can Invoke Identity Fusion and Lasting Co-operation via Transformative Experiences. Front Psychol 2021; 12:719596. [PMID: 34646208 PMCID: PMC8504457 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.719596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs have been central to many human group rituals throughout modern human evolution. Despite such experiences often being inherently social, bonding and associated prosocial behaviors have rarely been empirically tested as an outcome. Here we investigate a novel measure of the mechanisms that generate altered states of consciousness during group rituals, the 4Ds: dance, drums, sleep deprivation, and drugs. We conducted a retrospective online survey examining experiences at a highly ritualized cultural phenomenon where drug use is relatively uninhibited- raves and illegal free parties. Engaging in the 4Ds at raves or free parties was associated with personal transformation for those who experienced the event as awe-inspiring, especially for people with open personalities (n = 481). Without awe, or a ritual context, indulging in the 4Ds was associated with a lack of personal growth, or anomie. A complex SEM revealed that personal transformation following awe-inspiring raves was associated with bonding to other ravers and prosocial behavior toward this group at a cost to self in a simple economic game. Bonding to humanity was not associated with these events. The findings suggest that employing the 4Ds in a ritualized environment - particularly dancing and drug use - can help build meaningful social bonds with associated positive behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Newson
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Study of Social Cohesion, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ragini Khurana
- Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Cazorla
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie van Mulukom
- Centre for the Study of Social Cohesion, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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9
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Gündüz Ş, Kandeğer A, Selvi Y. Comparison of venlafaxine alone versus venlafaxine plus late partial sleep deprivation therapy combination for major depressive disorder. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:378-386. [PMID: 33317355 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1842753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment resistance, medication non-adherence, and side effects of pharmacotherapeutics make treatment difficult in major depressive disorder. Sleep deprivation is a fast-acting and tolerable reinforcement treatment method. In this study, we investigated the effects of late partial sleep deprivation (PSD) therapy added to venlafaxine treatment on symptoms of anxiety and depression, sleep quality and treatment process. This study was conducted in a sample of 40 patients who were admitted to our inpatient psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. While the venlafaxine (Ven) group received only venlafaxine treatment, the venlafaxine+partial sleep deprivation (Ven+PSD) group underwent late partial sleep deprivation therapy three times in the first week in addition to venlafaxine treatment. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were administered to both groups at the baseline and at the end of the 1st, 4th, and 6th weeks and, additionally, Profile of Mood State (POMS) was administered to the Ven+PSD group before and after each PSD. The Ven+PSD group had lower HAM-D and HAM-A scores than the Ven group at the end of the 1st and 6th week. Both anxiety and depression subscale scores on the POMS showed a significant decrease after PSD in the Ven+PSD group. The mean venlafaxine dose (mg/d) was significantly lower in the Ven+PSD group than in the Ven group. Late partial sleep deprivation is a fast-acting and tolerable therapy in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Gündüz
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilgın State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Kandeğer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selvi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.,Neuroscience Research Center (SAM), Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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10
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Baek Y, Jung K, Lee S. Effects of sleep restriction on subjective and physiological variables in middle-aged Korean adults: an intervention study. Sleep Med 2020; 70:60-65. [PMID: 32200304 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate sleep is crucial for normal functioning. However, most people, including middle-aged adults of reproductive age, show a marked reduction in their sleep duration. Thus, sleep is a major issue that should be addressed in health management. We investigated the effects of short-term sleep restriction on subjective parameters (sleepiness, stress, fatigue) and physiological parameters (cortisol, thyrotropin [TSH], thyroxine [T4], triiodothyronine [T3], C-reactive protein [CRP]) in middle-aged adults, the recovery of these parameters after rest, and the associations between parameters. METHODS A total of 118 healthy adults (59 men, 59 women), aged 35-44 years, and without sleep problems, were enrolled. Participants underwent a 4-h sleep restriction per day for 3 day at a hospital, and then returned to their daily lives to take four days of rest. A questionnaire and blood test were administered before and after sleep restriction, and after the recovery period, to assess subjective and physiological parameters. RESULTS After sleep restriction, sleepiness, fatigue, and stress significantly increased compared to baseline. Cortisol and TSH were elevated after sleep restriction, while T4, T3, and CRP were reduced compared to baseline. After the recovery phase, all parameters were restored to levels similar to baseline levels. Changes in each parameter were mutually associated; fatigue and sleepiness had the strongest association. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that even a short period of sleep restriction can have an adverse impact on psychological and physiological stress parameters in middle-aged adults, and that adequate rest and sleep are needed to restore them to normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Baek
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsik Jung
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Tuineag M, Therman S, Lindgren M, Rouanet M, Nahon S, Bertrand L, Saury S, Renaud S, Beaulieu S, Linnaranta O. Dissociative symptoms as measured by the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale in patients with a bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:187-192. [PMID: 31818776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS) characterizes the quality, frequency, and duration of dissociative symptoms. While the psychometric properties of the CDS have been evaluated in primary dissociative disorder, this has been insufficiently addressed among other psychiatric patient groups such as patients with a bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Outpatients with variable mood (n = 73) responded to a survey that assessed dissociative symptoms and other characteristics. We used factor analysis and McDonald's omega to evaluate psychometric properties of the CDS, and correlations with other characteristics. RESULTS Previously suggested multifactorial models of the CDS were not supported, but the single-dimensional model fit both dichotomized (p = 0.31, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.02, ECV 70%) and trichotomized CDS responses (p = 0.06, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.04, ECV 47%). The CDS showed high internal consistency (ω = 0.96). CDS factor scores correlated with symptom severity on the Quick Inventory for Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR-16) (ρ = 0.59), the Social Phobia Inventory (ρ = 0.52), the American Association of Psychiatry Severity measure for Panic Disorders (ρ = 0.46), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (ρ = 0.44), and the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (ρ = 0.53). Two abbreviated versions of the CDS, retaining the best 14 or 7 items were proposed. LIMITATIONS The sample size remained moderate. CONCLUSIONS The CDS is a psychometrically sound, unidimensional measure with clinical impact to detect and characterize dissociative symptoms in BD patients. Establishing the reliability and validity of the abbreviated scales for screening necessitates further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tuineag
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada; Mood disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Sebastian Therman
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lindgren
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manon Rouanet
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sara Nahon
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada; University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Lia Bertrand
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sybille Saury
- Bipolar disorders clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Suzanne Renaud
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada; Bipolar disorders clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Serge Beaulieu
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada; Bipolar disorders clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Outi Linnaranta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada; Bipolar disorders clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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Lynn SJ, Maxwell R, Merckelbach H, Lilienfeld SO, Kloet DVHVD, Miskovic V. Dissociation and its disorders: Competing models, future directions, and a way forward. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 73:101755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vannikov-Lugassi M, Soffer-Dudek N. No Time Like the Present: Thinking About the Past and the Future Is Related to State Dissociation Among Individuals With High Levels of Psychopathological Symptoms. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2465. [PMID: 30581402 PMCID: PMC6292924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several short-term pathways have been implicated in relation to dissociative experiences, among them are daily stress, sleepiness, and rumination. In addition, it has been claimed that mechanisms contributing to dissociative experiences may differ, according to specific psychopathological symptoms. Accordingly, this study had two aims. The first was to sample moment-to-moment increases or decreases in current stress, sleepiness, and rumination, in order to assess their temporal relations with state dissociation. Rumination was broken down to its basic two subcomponents: the negative value of the thoughts and thinking about the past (in comparison to present or future), in order to differentiate it from other repetitive thought patterns (e.g., worry). The second goal was to explore whether depression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms may moderate the links between the three mechanisms and specific state dissociation scales [specifically, depersonalization-derealization (DEP-DER) and absorption (ABS)]. Ninety-nine undergraduate students completed trait questionnaires and then answered state items four times a day for 4 days. These experience sampling data were analyzed using multilevel linear modeling (MLM) with Level 1 state measurements and Level 2 demographic and trait variables of the participants. Moments of stress, sleepiness, thinking about the past and negative thoughts were all associated both with state DEP-DER and with state ABS. Dissociation, negative thinking, stress, and sleepiness were positively associated with moments of thinking about the past and the future but inversely associated with moments of thinking about the present. Finally, in accordance with our expectations, the links between DEP-DER and hypothesized mechanisms were mostly moderated by depression and anxiety symptoms, whereas the links between ABS and hypothesized mechanisms were moderated mainly by obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Our findings are in accordance with literature on the efficacy of mindfulness as well as the maladaptive correlates of mind-wandering, as they suggest that dissociative detachment from one’s present occupation is associated with decreased well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Vannikov-Lugassi
- Consciousness and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Nirit Soffer-Dudek
- Consciousness and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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14
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Engle-Friedman M, Mathew GM, Martinova A, Armstrong F, Konstantinov V. The role of sleep deprivation and fatigue in the perception of task difficulty and use of heuristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:74-84. [PMID: 30083294 PMCID: PMC6056069 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on perception of task
difficulty and use of heuristics (mental shortcuts) compared to
naturally-experienced sleep at home. Methods: Undergraduate
students were screened and assigned through block-random assignment to
Naturally-Experienced Sleep (NES; n=19) or Total Sleep
Deprivation (TSD; n=20). The next morning, reported fatigue,
perception of task difficulty, and use of “what-is-beautiful-is-good,” “greedy
algorithm,” and “speed-accuracy trade-off” heuristics were assessed.
Results: NES slept for an average of 354.74 minutes
(SD=72.84), or 5.91 hours. TSD rated a reading task as
significantly more difficult and requiring more time than NES. TSD was
significantly more likely to use the greedy algorithm heuristic by skipping
instructions and the what-is-beautiful-is-good heuristic by rating an
unattractive consumer item with a favorable review as poor quality. Those in
Total Sleep Deprivation who chose more difficult math problems made this
selection to finish the task more quickly in findings approaching significance,
indicating use of the speed-accuracy trade-off heuristic. Collapsed across
conditions, self-reported fatigue predicted greater perceived difficulty in both
the reading task and a visuo-motor task, higher quality rating for the
attractive consumer item, and lower quality rating for the unattractive consumer
item. Conclusions: Findings indicate sleep deprivation and fatigue
increase perceptions of task difficulty, promote skipping instructions, and
impair systematic evaluation of unappealing stimuli compared to
naturally-experienced sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Marie Mathew
- Baruch College, City University of New York, Psychology - New York - NY - USA
| | - Anastasia Martinova
- Baruch College, City University of New York, Psychology - New York - NY - USA
| | - Forrest Armstrong
- Baruch College, City University of New York, Psychology - New York - NY - USA
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Selvi Y, Kandeger A, Boysan M, Akbaba N, Sayin AA, Tekinarslan E, Koc BO, Uygur OF, Sar V. The effects of individual biological rhythm differences on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and dissociative experiences. Psychiatry Res 2017. [PMID: 28646790 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who differ markedly by sleep chronotype, i.e., morning-type or evening-type also differ on a number of psychological, behavioral, and biological variables. Among several other psychological functions, dissociation may also lead to disruption and alteration of consciousness, which may facilitate dream-like experiences. Our study was aimed at an inquiry into the effects of individual biological rhythm differences on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in conjunction with dissociative experiences. Participants were 372 undergraduate college students, completed a package of psychological instruments, including the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Using logistic regression models, direct relations of pathological dissociation with sleepiness, sleep quality and circadian preferences were investigated. Poor sleep quality and sleepiness significantly contributed to the variance of dissociative symptomatology. Although there was no substantial linear association between circadian preferences and pathological dissociation, having evening-type preferences of sleep was indirectly associated with higher dissociation mediated by poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness seems to be significant antecedents of pathological dissociation. Sleep chronotype preferences underlie this relational pattern that chronobiological characteristics seem to influence indirectly on dissociative tendency via sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Selvi
- Selcuk University Neuroscience Research Center (SAM), Konya, Turkey; Selcuk University Medicine Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Kandeger
- Selcuk University Medicine Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Boysan
- Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Science and Arts, Department of Psychology, Van, Turkey
| | - Nursel Akbaba
- Nusaybin State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Ayca A Sayin
- Selcuk University Medicine Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Basak O Koc
- Mus State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Mus, Turkey
| | - Omer F Uygur
- Konya Numune State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Vedat Sar
- Koc University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Soffer-Dudek N, Shelef L, Oz I, Levkovsky A, Erlich I, Gordon S. Absorbed in sleep: Dissociative absorption as a predictor of sleepiness following sleep deprivation in two high-functioning samples. Conscious Cogn 2017; 48:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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