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Sequeira-Antunes B, Ferreira HA. Nucleic Acid Aptamer-Based Biosensors: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3201. [PMID: 38137422 PMCID: PMC10741014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers, short strands of either DNA, RNA, or peptides, known for their exceptional specificity and high binding affinity to target molecules, are providing significant advancements in the field of health. When seamlessly integrated into biosensor platforms, aptamers give rise to aptasensors, unlocking a new dimension in point-of-care diagnostics with rapid response times and remarkable versatility. As such, this review aims to present an overview of the distinct advantages conferred by aptamers over traditional antibodies as the molecular recognition element in biosensors. Additionally, it delves into the realm of specific aptamers made for the detection of biomarkers associated with infectious diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolomic and neurological disorders. The review further elucidates the varying binding assays and transducer techniques that support the development of aptasensors. Ultimately, this review discusses the current state of point-of-care diagnostics facilitated by aptasensors and underscores the immense potential of these technologies in advancing the landscape of healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sequeira-Antunes
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Exotictarget, 4900-378 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Alexandre Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Exotictarget, 4900-378 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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Jankauskas T, Buržinskis E, Kaupas RS, Basevičius A, Jievaltas M. Prostatic Artery Embolization as a Treatment Option for Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results from the Prospective Follow-Up Study in Lithuania. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1871. [PMID: 37893589 PMCID: PMC10608601 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: The endovascular treatment of symptomatic benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) by prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is one of the new treatments proposed. PAE is a minimally invasive alternative that has been shown to successfully treat lower urinary tract symptoms in BPH patients by causing infarction and necrosis of hyperplastic adenomatous tissue, which decompresses urethral impingement and improves obstructive symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of PAE in relieving symptoms in patients with symptomatic BPH. Materials and Methods: The material for the study was collected from 2019 to 2022. A total of 70 men with BPH and PAE were studied. Patients underwent an urological examination to measure the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life score (QoL), International Index of Erectile Function short form (IIEF-5), uroflowmetry with Qmax, prostatic volume (PV), and post-void residual volume (PVR) measurements. Statistical analysis for dependent samples was applied. Measured parameters at 2 months and 6 months follow-up were compared to baseline. Results: At baseline, the age of the male (N = 70) subjects was 74 ± 9.6 years with a median of 73.8, but fluctuated from 53 to 90 years. The mean of PV was almost 111 mL and the Qmax was close to 7.7 mL/s. The average PVR was 107.6 mL. The IPSS score mean was 21.3 points and the QoL score was 4.53 points. The IIEF-5 questionnaire score was almost 1.8 points, which shows severe erectile dysfunction. The mean value of the PSA level was 5.8 ng/mL. After 2 and 6 months of PAE, all indicators and scores except erectile function significantly improved. Conclusions: The outcomes of our study show promising results for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after PAE. The main prostate-related parameters (PV, Qmax, PVR, IPSS) improved significantly 6 months after embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tautvydas Jankauskas
- Radiology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edgaras Buržinskis
- Surgery Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rytis Stasys Kaupas
- Radiology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algidas Basevičius
- Radiology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Jievaltas
- Urology Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Ansari T, Dutta G, Srivastava AK, Jagetia A, Singh D, Singh H, Bharti R, Prakash A, Kumar A. Serum cytokines in astrocytic brain tumors: a prospective study. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:35-40. [PMID: 33349075 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1859461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most aggressive form of brain tumors responsible for the majority of brain cancer related deaths. Interleukin (IL)-6, 10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α are tumor specific proteins that are expressed in gliomas. This study aims to estimate the pre- and postoperative levels of serum markers of these cytokines to evaluate any bearing with its grade and volume. METHODS Prospective analysis of 80 patients of newly-diagnosed gliomas of any grade was carried out. Pre- and postoperative blood samples day one, one month and at 3rd month of surgery was taken and levels of IL-6, 10 and TNF- α measured and matched with 20 healthy controls. RESULTS Of the 80 patients, 3 patients had pilocytic astrocytoma, 4 had ganglioglioma, 9 had oligodendroglioma, 17 had diffuse astrocytoma, 5 had anaplastic astrocytoma while 43 had glioblastoma. Preoperative levels of IL-6 and TNF- α was found to be markedly raised in high grade gliomas. Positive correlation was seen between IL-6 with the grade of tumor and high-grade tumors were seen to be more significantly correlated with IL-6. However, preoperative IL-10 in both low and high grade of gliomas did not show any correlation with the volume and grade of tumor. CONCLUSION High level of IL-6 and TNF-α in peripheral blood in patients of high-grade gliomas provides clue to the invasiveness of the disease which can be useful for understanding the premorbid development of tumor and perhaps extrapolating to ongoing tumor response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ansari
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Dutta
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Jharkhand, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Jagetia
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Daljit Singh
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Bharti
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Jharkhand, India
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Jharkhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Jharkhand, India
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Correlation between stage of prostate cancer and tyrosine and tryptophan in urine samples measured electrochemically. Anal Biochem 2022; 649:114698. [PMID: 35523287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Early detection is the key to successful treatment and provides the greatest chance to cure the patient. Currently, early detection involves screening for prostate-specific antigen levels in blood, which is not a tumor-specific biomarker. There is a critical need to develop clinically useful methods for screening for more reliable biomarkers. Here, we introduce an electrochemical biosensor that measures the concentrations of the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan, and propose it as a possible diagnostic and prognostic tool for PCa. The limits of detection of tyrosine and tryptophan using the electrochemical sensors were 1.15 and 1.13 μmol/L in 1:10 urine: PBS, respectively. This study is the first to present electrochemical measurements of tyrosine and tryptophan directly in patient urine samples. We demonstrated an inverse correlation between the measured electrochemical signals and the severity of PCa. The most notable observation was a significant difference between controls and metastatic PCa patients (P ≤ 0.001). This observation was further validated using Liquid-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Our data provides the basis for further research with electrochemical measurements of tyrosine and tryptophan as potential biomarkers for PCa.
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Breviscapine Participates in the Progression of Prostate Cancer by Inhibiting ZFP91 Expression through Upregulation of MicroRNA-129-5p. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1511607. [PMID: 34925523 PMCID: PMC8674053 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1511607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of breviscapine (BVP) on the development of prostate cancer and its molecular mechanism. Materials and Methods After treatment with breviscapine and microRNA-129-5p, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) tests were performed to examine the proliferation rate of cells, while Transwell was used to analyze cell migration ability; at the same time, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the expression of microRNA-129-5p and ZFP91 in prostate cancer cells. In addition, the binding of microRNA-129-5p and ZFP91 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporting assay; meanwhile, cell reverse experiment verified that breviscapine can regulate ZFP91 via upregulating microRNA-129-5p. Results The results of MTT, CCK-8, and Transwell experiments demonstrated that breviscapine inhibited the proliferation as well as the migration capacities of PC cells; meanwhile, it upregulated the level of microRNA-129-5p in PC cells while downregulated that of ZFP91. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified that ZFP91 was a potential target of microRNA-129-5p. Finally, cell reverse experiment confirmed that breviscapine downregulated ZFP91 expression by upregulating microRNA-129-5p, while downregulation of microRNA-129-5p partially reversed the inhibitory effect of breviscapine on cell proliferation ability. Conclusions Breviscapine may inhibit the expression of ZFP91 through upregulating microRNA-129-5p and thus participating in the progression of PC.
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Sapra D, Kaur H, Dhall A, Raghava GPS. ProCanBio: A Database of Manually Curated Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. J Comput Biol 2021; 28:1248-1257. [PMID: 34898255 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2021.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second lethal malignancy in men worldwide. In the past, numerous research groups investigated the omics profiles of patients and scrutinized biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. However, information related to the biomarkers is widely scattered across numerous resources in complex textual format, which poses hindrance to understand the tumorigenesis of this malignancy and scrutinization of robust signature. To create a comprehensive resource, we collected all the relevant literature on PCa biomarkers from the PubMed. We scrutinize the extensive information about each biomarker from a total of 412 unique research articles. Each entry of the database incorporates PubMed ID, biomarker name, biomarker type, biomolecule, source, subjects, validation status, and performance measures such as sensitivity, specificity, and hazard ratio (HR). In this study, we present ProCanBio, a manually curated database that maintains detailed data on 2053 entries of potential PCa biomarkers obtained from 412 publications in user-friendly tabular format. Among them are 766 protein-based, 507 RNA-based, 157 genomic mutations, 260 miRNA-based, and 122 metabolites-based biomarkers. To explore the information in the resource, a web-based interactive platform was developed with searching and browsing facilities. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no resource that can consolidate the information contained in all the published literature. Besides this, ProCanBio is freely available and is compatible with most web browsers and devices. Eventually, we anticipate this resource will be highly useful for the research community involved in the area of prostate malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikscha Sapra
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Dhall
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Duan X, Liu X, Li Y, Cao Y, Silayiding A, Zhang R, Wang J. MicroRNA‐498 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells and decreases radiation sensitivity by targeting PTEN. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:659-671. [PMID: 31332950 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Mei Duan
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Xiao‐Na Liu
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Yu‐Xin Li
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Yu‐Qing Cao
- Department of PathologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | | | - Rong‐Kui Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
| | - Ji‐Ping Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital, Jilin University China
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Atan A. Multiparametric prostatic MRI should not be the only method to decide re-biopsy in the patients who had a negative prostatic biopsy. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1781-1782. [PMID: 31289982 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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USLU-BEŞLİ L, SAĞER S, AKGÜN E, ASA S, ŞAHİN OE, DEMİRDAĞ Ç, GÜNER E, KHOSROSHAHI BR, KARAYEL E, PEHLİVANOĞLU H, AYGÜN A, USLU İ, TALAT Z, SÖNMEZOĞLU K. Comparison of Ga-68 PSMA positron emission tomography/computerized tomography with Tc-99m MDP bone scan in prostate cancer patients. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:301-310. [PMID: 30761859 PMCID: PMC7350868 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The aim of our study was to compare Tc-99m MDP bone scan and Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT in terms of detection of bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Materials and methods A total of 28 prostate cancer patients with bone scan and PSMA PET/CT performed within 90 days were retrospectively included in our analysis. All bone lesions were scored as negative (score-0), positive (score-1), or suspicious (score-2) for metastasis by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Both patient-based and region-based analyses were made for all osseous lesions. Results On per-patient analysis; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 72.7%, 52.9%, 50%, 75%, and 60.7%, respectively, for bone scan and 90.9%, 100%, 100%, 94.4%, and 96.4%, respectively, for PSMA PET/CT. On per-region analysis; sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 76.2%, 80.9%, 57.1%, 91.1%, and 79.8%, respectively, for bone scan and 85.7%, 100%, 100%, 95.5%, and 95.4%, respectively, for PSMA PET/CT. Conclusion Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT has higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared to bone scan in terms of bone metastasis detection in prostate cancer patients. Therefore, it might be the modality of choice for patients with suspicion for metastatic disease, despite negative bone scan and conventional imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebriz USLU-BEŞLİ
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Sait SAĞER
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Elife AKGÜN
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Sertaç ASA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Onur Erdem ŞAHİN
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Çetin DEMİRDAĞ
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Ekrem GÜNER
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Baresh Razavi KHOSROSHAHI
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Emre KARAYEL
- Division of Radiopharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine,Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty,İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Hüseyin PEHLİVANOĞLU
- Division of Radiopharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine,Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty,İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Aslan AYGÜN
- Division of Radiopharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine,Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty,İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - İlhami USLU
- Division of Radiopharmacy, Department of Nuclear Medicine,Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty,İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Zübeyr TALAT
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Kerim SÖNMEZOĞLU
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbulTurkey
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Petrides V, Schneider S. Using Sigma metrics to establish analytical product performance requirements and optimize analytical performance of an in vitro diagnostic assay using a theoretical total PSA assay as an example. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2018; 28:020903. [PMID: 30022889 PMCID: PMC6039165 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2018.020903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Establishing analytical performance requirements for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays is a challenging process. Manufacturers try to optimize analytical performance by choosing amongst many combinations of different product performance characteristics. Sigma metrics and method decision charts can be helpful aids in choosing appropriate analytical performance requirements. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the use of Sigma metrics and method decision charts to help establish analytical performance requirements and to optimize analytical performance at medical decision concentrations for an IVD assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS A range of possible Sigma metrics were determined using three sources for total allowable error (TEa) and hypothetical total PSA assay results. Method decision charts were created for each TEa source and used to identify the maximum precision and bias that the assay could have to maintain sigma level performance of at least 3. RESULTS To achieve a sigma performance level of at least 3 for a hypothetical total PSA assay, the maximum allowable coefficient of variation ranged from 5.0% to 11.2% depending on the TEa source. To achieve a sigma performance level of at least 6, the maximum allowable coefficient of variation ranged from 2.5% to 5.6% depending on the TEa source. CONCLUSIONS Using Sigma metrics and method decision charts when establishing analytical performance requirements can help manufacturers choose product requirements that will optimize IVD assay product performance.
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Association Study of Polymorphisms of Epidermal Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in a Korean Population. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:363-370. [PMID: 28043105 PMCID: PMC5209572 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632538.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have suggested that specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to the clinical features of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we investigated the relationships of genetic polymorphisms of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene with BPH. Methods A total of 218 patients with BPH were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the relationship between eight SNPs in the EGF and EGFR genes and prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and International Prostate Symptom Score of BPH patients. Each SNP was genotyped by direct sequencing. Statistical analysis applying codominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models was performed via logistic regression. Results The rs11568943 and rs11569017 SNPs in the EGF gene showed significant associations with prostate volume (rs11568943: P=0.038 in the log-additive model, P=0.024 in the allele distribution; rs11569017, P=0.031 in the dominant model, P=0.028 in the log-additive model, P=0.020 in the allele distribution). Additionally, the rs3756261, rs11568943, and rs11569017 SNPs of the EGF gene and the rs2293347 SNP of the EGFR gene were associated with PSA levels (P<0.05 in each model, respectively). Conclusions These results suggest that the EGF gene may affect prostate volume. In addition, the EGF and EGFR genes may be associated with PSA levels in patients with BPH.
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