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Huang Y, Zhang B, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Wei B, Shen B, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhu X, Wang J. Plasma and milk metabolomics profiles in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6340-6357. [PMID: 38608939 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis, a commonly observed energy metabolism disorder in dairy cows during the peripartal period, is distinguished by increased concentrations of BHB in the blood. This condition has a negative impact on milk production and quality, causing financial losses. An untargeted metabolomics approach was performed on plasma samples from cows between 5 and 7 DIM diagnosed as controls (CON; BHB <1.2 mM, n = 30), subclinically ketotic (SCK; 1.2 < BHB <3.0 mM, n = 30), or clinically ketotic (CK; BHB >3.0 mM, n = 30). Cows were selected from a commercial farm of 214 Holstein cows (average 305-d yield in the previous lactation of 35.42 ± 7.23 kg/d; parity, 2.41 ± 1.12; BCS, 3.1 ± 0.45). All plasma and milk samples (n = 90) were subjected to liquid chromatography-MS-based metabolomic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0, MetaboAnalyst 4.0, and R version 4.1.3. Compared with the CON group, both SCK and CK groups had greater milk fat, freezing point, and fat-to-protein ratio, as well as lower milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat, and milk density. Within 21 d after calving, compared with CON, the SCK group experienced a reduction of 2.65 kg/d in milk yield, while the CK group experienced a decrease of 7.7 kg/d. Untargeted metabolomics analysis facilitated the annotation of a total of 5,259 and 8,423 metabolites in plasma and milk. Differentially affected metabolites were screened in CON versus SCK, CON versus CK, and SCK versus CK (unpaired t-test, false discovery rate <0.05; and absolute value of log(2)-fold change >1.5). A total of 1,544 and 1,888 differentially affected metabolites were detected in plasma and milk. In plasma, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis were identified as important pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that tryptophan metabolism is a key pathway associated with the occurrence and development of ketosis. Increases in 5-hydroxytryptophan and decreases in kynurenine and 3-indoleacetic acid in SCK and CK were suggestive of an impact at the gut level. The decrease of most glycerophospholipids indicated that ketosis is associated with disordered lipid metabolism. For milk, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation were identified as important pathways. The WGCNA indicated that purine and pyrimidine metabolism in plasma was highly correlated with milk yield during the peripartal period. Alterations in purine and pyrimidine metabolism characterized ketosis, with lower levels of these metabolites in both milk and blood underscoring reduced efficiency in nitrogen metabolism. Our results may help to establish a foundation for future research investigating mechanisms responsible for the occurrence and development of ketosis in peripartal cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Zhong Ken Mu Dairy (Group) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - John Mauck
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Cardoso AS, Whitby A, Green MJ, Kim DH, Randall LV. Identification of Predictive Biomarkers of Lameness in Transition Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2030. [PMID: 39061492 PMCID: PMC11273747 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify with a high level of confidence metabolites previously identified as predictors of lameness and understand their biological relevance by carrying out pathway analyses. For the dairy cattle sector, lameness is a major challenge with a large impact on animal welfare and farm economics. Understanding metabolic alterations during the transition period associated with lameness before the appearance of clinical signs may allow its early detection and risk prevention. The annotation with high confidence of metabolite predictors of lameness and the understanding of interactions between metabolism and immunity are crucial for a better understanding of this condition. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with authentic standards to increase confidence in the putative annotations of metabolites previously determined as predictive for lameness in transition dairy cows, it was possible to identify cresol, valproic acid, and gluconolactone as L1, L2, and L1, respectively which are the highest levels of confidence in identification. The metabolite set enrichment analysis of biological pathways in which predictors of lameness are involved identified six significant pathways (p < 0.05). In comparison, over-representation analysis and topology analysis identified two significant pathways (p < 0.05). Overall, our LC-MS/MS analysis proved to be adequate to confidently identify metabolites in urine samples previously found to be predictive of lameness, and understand their potential biological relevance, despite the challenges of metabolite identification and pathway analysis when performing untargeted metabolomics. This approach shows potential as a reliable method to identify biomarkers that can be used in the future to predict the risk of lameness before calving. Validation with a larger cohort is required to assess the generalization of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Cardoso
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alison Whitby
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (D.-H.K.)
| | - Martin J. Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (D.-H.K.)
| | - Laura V. Randall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Uztimür M, Gazioğlu A, Yilmaz Ö. Changes in free amino acid profile in goats with pregnancy toxemia. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:839-847. [PMID: 37953412 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy toxemia is a metabolic disorder that afflicts goats when the heightened energy requirements preceding parturition are not sufficiently satisfied. At present, the potential association between pregnancy toxemia and the free amino acid composition in hair goats remains uncharted territory. The purpose of this study is to investigate the free amino acid profile in goats during the pivotal three weeks preceding delivery, distinguishing among those with subclinical pregnancy toxemia (SPT), clinical pregnancy toxemia (CPT), and those in the control group (CG). Additionally, the study aims to investigate any potential relationship between the amino acid profile and beta hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA) levels. The researchers analyzed a total of 50 goats, comprising 20 goats with SPT, 20 with CPT, and 10 in the CG. The serum free amino acid profile was determined using a gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) device. BHBA concentration in goats with CPT and SPT was significantly higher than KG (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in goats with CPT, the glucose concentration was significantly lower than in CG (p < 0.012). In goats with CPT and SPT, the concentration of valine, one of the gluconeogenic amino acids, was significantly higher than in control group (p < 0.001), while histidine concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.020) than in control group. Specifically in goats with CPT, the concentrations of alanine (p < 0.002), serine (p < 0.001), and threonine (p < 0.043) were significantly lower than in control group. Moreover, the concentration of phenylalanine, which is both a glycogenic and ketogenic amino acid, was significantly lower (p < 0.028) in goats with SPT compared to the control group. The Fisher ratio (p < 0.010) and Glycine/Alanine ratio (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in pregnancy toxemia goats with than in control group goats, indicating a poor nutritional and energy status of the goats during the prepartum period. In summation, the findings of this study underscore that amino acids exhibiting marked concentration variations hold considerable promise in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of pregnancy toxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Uztimür
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Türkiye.
| | - Abdullah Gazioğlu
- Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Ökkeş Yilmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Fırat University, Elazig, Türkiye
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Song JG, Mun D, Lee B, Song M, Oh S, Kim JM, Yang J, Kim Y, Kim HW. Protective Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC3201 on Motor Functions and Anxiety Levels in a Chronic Stress Mouse Model. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:1044-1054. [PMID: 37969325 PMCID: PMC10636227 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in physiological functions. Gut-brain axis imbalance has also been associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have suggested that probiotics regulate the stress response and alleviate mood-related symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC3201 (L3201) on the behavioral response and fecal metabolite content in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model. Our study shows that chronic stress in mice for three weeks resulted in significant changes in behavior, including lower locomotor activity, higher levels of anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms, compared to the control group. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that disrupted fecal metabolites associated with aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis by UCMS were restored with the administration of L3201. Oral administration of the L3201 ameliorated the observed changes and improved the behavioral alterations along with fecal metabolites, suggesting that probiotics play a neuroprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gwang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong
University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bomi Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong
University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and
Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | | | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong
University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Hwang YH, Lee EY, Lim HT, Joo ST. Multi-Omics Approaches to Improve Meat Quality and Taste Characteristics. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:1067-1086. [PMID: 37969318 PMCID: PMC10636221 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid advances in meat science in recent decades, changes in meat quality during the pre-slaughter phase of muscle growth and the post-slaughter process from muscle to meat have been investigated. Commonly used techniques have evolved from early physicochemical indicators such as meat color, tenderness, water holding capacity, flavor, and pH to various omic tools such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to explore fundamental molecular mechanisms and screen biomarkers related to meat quality and taste characteristics. This review highlights the application of omics and integrated multi-omics in meat quality and taste characteristics studies. It also discusses challenges and future perspectives of multi-omics technology to improve meat quality and taste. Consequently, multi-omics techniques can elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for changes of meat quality at transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. In addition, the application of multi-omics technology has great potential for exploring and identifying biomarkers for meat quality and quality control that can make it easier to optimize production processes in the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Hwang
- Institute of Agriculture & Life
Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Hyen-Tae Lim
- Institute of Agriculture & Life
Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seon-Tea Joo
- Institute of Agriculture & Life
Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Song Y, Wang H, Sun R, Chang J, Tang J, Bai Y, Xia C. Serum Metabolic Characterization of Vitamin E Deficiency in Holstein Cows during the Transition Period Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2957. [PMID: 37760357 PMCID: PMC10525730 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, is a necessary and complex micronutrient for cows. During the transition period, vitamin E deficiency (VED) is among the highest prevalent micronutrient deficits in dairy cows. It may eventually result in oxidative stress and immunological malfunction, and it increases the risk of peripartum disorders. At present, detailed data on blood metabolites in VED cows are limited. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to examine the alterations in the serum metabolic profile of VED cows throughout the early postpartum period. Using comprehensive 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), the alterations in serum metabolic activities of VED cows were analyzed. In total, 28 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned according to serum α-tocopherol (α-Toc) concentrations into normal (α-Toc ≥ 4 μg/mL, n = 14) and VED (α-Toc < 3 μg/mL, n = 14) groups at 21 days postpartum, and their blood samples were collected for biochemical and 1H NMR analyses. A t-test on independent samples as well as multivariate statistics were used to assess the findings. In comparison with normal cows, VED cows showed significantly worse body condition scores, milk yield, and dry matter intake (p < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of serum non-esterified fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, and malonaldehyde were found in VED-affected cows, as well as lesser concentrations of serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein, and total antioxidant capacity in comparison with normal cows (p < 0.01), while other vitamins and minerals concentrations showed no distinction between the groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, 24 upregulated serum metabolites were identified under VED conditions. The metabolomics pathway analysis of these metabolites demonstrated that a global metabolic response to VED in cows was represented by changes in 11 metabolic pathways, comprising energy, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism. From these results, we conclude that VED cows were more likely to experience a negative energy balance characterized by alterations of common systemic metabolic processes and develop oxidative stress, inflammation, and ultimately liver injury. This study provides the first evidence of metabolic changes in cows with VED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Y.S.); (H.W.); (R.S.); (J.C.); (J.T.); (Y.B.)
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Yuan N, Wang Y, Pan Q, Zhao L, Qi X, Sun S, Suolang Q, Ciren L, Danzeng L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Gao T, Basang Z, Lian H, Sun Y. From the perspective of rumen microbiome and host metabolome, revealing the effects of feeding strategies on Jersey Cows on the Tibetan Plateau. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16010. [PMID: 37719116 PMCID: PMC10501371 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have discussed the effects of grazing and house feeding on yaks during the cold season when forage is in short supply, but there is limited information on the effects of these feeding strategies on Jersey cows introduced to the Tibetan Plateau. The objective of this study was to use genomics and metabolomics analyses to examine changes in rumen microbiology and organism metabolism of Jersey cows with different feeding strategies. Methods We selected 12 Jersey cows with similar body conditions and kept them for 60 days under grazing (n = 6) and house-feeding (n = 6) conditions. At the end of the experiment, samples of rumen fluid and serum were collected from Jersey cows that had been fed using different feeding strategies. The samples were analyzed for rumen fermentation parameters, rumen bacterial communities, serum antioxidant and immunological indices, and serum metabolomics. The results of the study were examined to find appropriate feeding strategies for Jersey cows during the cold season on the Tibetan plateau. Results The results of rumen fermentation parameters showed that concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and ammonia nitrogen in the house-feeding group (Group B) were significantly higher than in the grazing group (Group G) (P < 0.05). In terms of the rumen bacterial community 16S rRNA gene, the Chao1 index was significantly higher in Group G than in Group B (P = 0.038), while observed species, Shannon and Simpson indices were not significantly different from the above-mentioned groups (P > 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed no significant differences in the composition of the rumen microbiota between the two groups. Analysis of serum antioxidant and immune indices showed no significant differences in total antioxidant capacity between Group G and Group B (P > 0.05), while IL-6, Ig-M , and TNF-α were significantly higher in Group G than in Group B (P < 0.05). LC-MS metabolomics analysis of serum showed that a total of 149 major serum differential metabolites were found in Group G and Group B. The differential metabolites were enriched in the metabolic pathways of biosynthesis of amino acids, protein digestion and absorption, ABC transporters, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. These data suggest that the house-feeding strategy is more beneficial to improve the physiological state of Jersey cows on the Tibetan Plateau during the cold season when forages are in short supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niuniu Yuan
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yicui Wang
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qihao Pan
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quji Suolang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Luobu Ciren
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Luosang Danzeng
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhuza Basang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Hongxia Lian
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Henan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Institute of Animal Science, Lhasa, China
- State Key Labobatory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
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