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Abstract
AbstractWe hypothesized that insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) affects milk fat synthesis in buffalo. For this reason, the protein abundance of INSIG1 in the mammary tissue of buffalo during the peak period of lactation and dry-off period was evaluated. The results showed that the expression of INSIG1 at the peak of lactation was lower than that in the dry-off period. To explore the role of INSIG1 in milk fat synthesis, the buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were isolated and purified from buffalo mammary tissue, andINSIG1gene were overexpressed and knocked down by constructing the recombinant lentivirus vector ofINSIG1gene and transfecting into BMECs. Results revealed thatINSIG1overexpression decreased the expression ofINSIG2,SREBP,PPARG,SCD,GPAM,DGAT2andAGPAT6, which led to reduction of triglycerides (TAG) content in the cell. In contrast, knockdown ofINSIG1had a positive effect on mRNA expression of the above genes. Overall, the data provide strong support for a key role of INSIG1 in the regulation of milk fat synthesis in BMECs.
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Hadley B, Litfin T, Day CJ, Haselhorst T, Zhou Y, Tiralongo J. Nucleotide Sugar Transporter SLC35 Family Structure and Function. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1123-1134. [PMID: 31462968 PMCID: PMC6709370 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The covalent attachment of sugars to growing glycan chains is heavily reliant on a specific family of solute transporters (SLC35), the nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs) that connect the synthesis of activated sugars in the nucleus or cytosol, to glycosyltransferases that reside in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or Golgi apparatus. This review provides a timely update on recent progress in the NST field, specifically we explore several NSTs of the SLC35 family whose substrate specificity and function have been poorly understood, but where recent significant progress has been made. This includes SLC35 A4, A5 and D3, as well as progress made towards understanding the association of SLC35A2 with SLC35A3 and how this relates to their potential regulation, and how the disruption to the dilysine motif in SLC35B4 causes mislocalisation, calling into question multisubstrate NSTs and their subcellular localisation and function. We also report on the recently described first crystal structure of an NST, the SLC35D2 homolog Vrg-4 from yeast. Using this crystal structure, we have generated a new model of SLC35A1, (CMP-sialic acid transporter, CST), with structural and mechanistic predictions based on all known CST-related data, and includes an overview of reported mutations that alter transport and/or substrate recognition (both de novo and site-directed). We also present a model of the CST-del177 isoform that potentially explains why the human CST isoform remains active while the hamster CST isoform is inactive, and we provide a possible alternate access mechanism that accounts for the CST being functional as either a monomer or a homodimer. Finally we provide an update on two NST crystal structures that were published subsequent to the submission and during review of this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hadley
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas Litfin
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4212, Australia
| | - Chris J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4212, Australia
| | - Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Vajana E, Barbato M, Colli L, Milanesi M, Rochat E, Fabrizi E, Mukasa C, Del Corvo M, Masembe C, Muwanika VB, Kabi F, Sonstegard TS, Huson HJ, Negrini R, Joost S, Ajmone-Marsan P. Combining Landscape Genomics and Ecological Modelling to Investigate Local Adaptation of Indigenous Ugandan Cattle to East Coast Fever. Front Genet 2018; 9:385. [PMID: 30333851 PMCID: PMC6177531 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
East Coast fever (ECF) is a fatal sickness affecting cattle populations of eastern, central, and southern Africa. The disease is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and caused by the protozoan Theileria parva parva, which invades host lymphocytes and promotes their clonal expansion. Importantly, indigenous cattle show tolerance to infection in ECF-endemically stable areas. Here, the putative genetic bases underlying ECF-tolerance were investigated using molecular data and epidemiological information from 823 indigenous cattle from Uganda. Vector distribution and host infection risk were estimated over the study area and subsequently tested as triggers of local adaptation by means of landscape genomics analysis. We identified 41 and seven candidate adaptive loci for tick resistance and infection tolerance, respectively. Among the genes associated with the candidate adaptive loci are PRKG1 and SLA2. PRKG1 was already described as associated with tick resistance in indigenous South African cattle, due to its role into inflammatory response. SLA2 is part of the regulatory pathways involved into lymphocytes' proliferation. Additionally, local ancestry analysis suggested the zebuine origin of the genomic region candidate for tick resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Vajana
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre (BioDNA), and Proteomics and Nutrigenomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Barbato
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre (BioDNA), and Proteomics and Nutrigenomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Licia Colli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre (BioDNA), and Proteomics and Nutrigenomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Milanesi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre (BioDNA), and Proteomics and Nutrigenomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Estelle Rochat
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Fabrizi
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Del Corvo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre (BioDNA), and Proteomics and Nutrigenomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Charles Masembe
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Vincent B. Muwanika
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fredrick Kabi
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), National Agricultural Research Organisation, Tororo, Uganda
| | | | - Heather Jay Huson
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Riccardo Negrini
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre (BioDNA), and Proteomics and Nutrigenomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Associazione Italiana Allevatori (AIA), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre (BioDNA), and Proteomics and Nutrigenomics Research Centre (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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