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Jaffe DA, Ninneman M, Nguyen L, Lee H, Hu L, Ketcherside D, Jin L, Cope E, Lyman S, Jones C, O'Neil T, Mansfield ML. Key results from the salt lake regional smoke, ozone, and aerosol study (SAMOZA). JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:163-180. [PMID: 38198293 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2301956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Northern Wasatch Front area is one of ~ 50 metropolitan regions in the U.S. that do not meet the 2015 O3 standard. To better understand the causes of high O3 days in this region we conducted the Salt Lake regional Smoke, Ozone and Aerosol Study (SAMOZA) in the summer of 2022. The primary goals of SAMOZA were: Measure a suite of VOCs, by Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge method.Evaluate whether the standard UV O3 measurements made in SLC show a positive bias during smoke events, as has been suggested in some recent studies.Use the observations to conduct photochemical modeling and statistical/machine learning analyses to understand photochemistry on both smoke-influenced and non-smoke days.Implications: The Northern Wasatch Front area is one of ~50 metropolitan regions in the U.S. that do not meet the 2015 O3 standard. To better understand the causes of high O3 days in this region we conducted the Salt Lake regional Smoke, Ozone and Aerosol Study (SAMOZA) in the summer of 2022. A number of policy relevant findings are identified in the manuscript including role of smoke and NOx vs VOC sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Jaffe
- School of STEM, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Ninneman
- School of STEM, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Linh Nguyen
- School of STEM, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Haebum Lee
- School of STEM, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Damien Ketcherside
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Lixu Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Emily Cope
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Seth Lyman
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, Vernal, UT, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Colleen Jones
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, Vernal, UT, USA
| | - Trevor O'Neil
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, Vernal, UT, USA
| | - Marc L Mansfield
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, Vernal, UT, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Maji S, Beig G, Yadav R. Winter VOCs and OVOCs measured with PTR-MS at an urban site of India: Role of emissions, meteorology and photochemical sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113651. [PMID: 31806461 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the outline of air quality studies at metropolitan city, the mixing ratios of seven selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during December 2015 (winter) at an urban site of Pune. The measurement of VOCs was conducted using a proton transfer reaction-quadrupole mass spectrometer (PTR-QMS). The study represents daily variability of ambient VOCs and their various associated emission sources. Diurnal profiles have differed from one VOC to another as the result of their different origins and the influence of different meteorological parameters (i.e. solar radiation, temperature) and planetary boundary layer height (PBL-H). The hourly mixing ratios of Oxygenated-VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics were in the ranges of 0.6-29 ppbv and 0.13-14 ppbv, respectively with OVOCs accounted for up to 75% of total measured VOCs. The role of long-range transport from the clear Thar Desert and polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was observed during the episodes of 1-15 and 17-31 December 2015, respectively. VOCs showed the strong diurnal variations with peaks during morning and evening hours and lowest in the afternoon. In the evening period, high levels of aromatics coincided with the lowest OVOCs suggests the role of fresh vehicular emissions. Emission ratios of various VOCs as a function of temperature showed the role of different sources including the biogenic and photochemical production as well as the anthropogenic sources, respectively. The higher emission ratio of Δmethanol/Δacetonitrile at the study site suggests the long range transport of biomass burning plumes from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the 17-31, Dec. 2015. In addition to the pattern of emission, the diurnal and day-to-day variations of VOCs were influenced by the local meteorological conditions and depth of planetary boundary layer (PBL-H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Maji
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India.
| | - Gufran Beig
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Atmospheric Pollution and Transport Modeling (APTM) Division, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune, India.
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Pagonis D, Sekimoto K, de Gouw J. A Library of Proton-Transfer Reactions of H 3O + Ions Used for Trace Gas Detection. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1330-1335. [PMID: 31037568 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have collected data on the proton-transfer reactions with H3O+ ions for trace gas detection into an online and publicly available library. The library allows users of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to look up at which m/z a trace gas of interest is detected. Vice versa, the library also allows looking up what trace gas may have been responsible for a product ion detected in PTR-MS and SIFT-MS. Finally, the library may serve as a dataset for further research on calculating instrument sensitivity and product-ion fragmentation, improving identification and quantification of newly detectable compounds as advances in instrumentation continue. To demonstrate the utility of the library, we present a brief analysis of product-ion fragmentation. We show that oxygenated organic compounds exhibit trends in neutral loss according to their functionality, and that on average neutral losses decrease the carbon number and increase the extent of unsaturation of product ions. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Pagonis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences & Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 216 UCB, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | | | - Joost de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences & Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, 216 UCB, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
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Gaona-Colmán E, Blanco MB, Barnes I, Wiesen P, Teruel MA. Atmospheric sink of β-ocimene and camphene initiated by Cl atoms: kinetics and products at NOxfree-air. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27054-27063. [PMID: 35540015 PMCID: PMC9083264 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with β-ocimene and camphene were determined to be (in units of 10−10cm3per molecule per s) 5.5 ± 0.7 and 3.3 ± 0.4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gaona-Colmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímicas de Córdoba (INFIQC)
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - María B. Blanco
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímicas de Córdoba (INFIQC)
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Ian Barnes
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC
- Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Physikalische Chemie/FBC
- Bergische Universitaet Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Mariano A. Teruel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímicas de Córdoba (INFIQC)
- Dpto. de Fisicoquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Ciudad Universitaria
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Millet DB, Baasandorj M, Hu L, Mitroo D, Turner J, Williams BJ. Nighttime Chemistry and Morning Isoprene Can Drive Urban Ozone Downwind of a Major Deciduous Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4335-4342. [PMID: 27010702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is the predominant non-methane volatile organic compound emitted to the atmosphere and shapes tropospheric composition and biogeochemistry through its effects on ozone, other oxidants, aerosols, and the nitrogen cycle. Isoprene is emitted naturally by vegetation during daytime, when its photo-oxidation is rapid, and in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produces ozone and degrades air quality in polluted regions. Here, we show for a city downwind of an isoprene-emitting forest (St. Louis, MO) that isoprene actually peaks at night; ambient levels then endure, owing to low nighttime OH radical concentrations. Nocturnal chemistry controls the fate of that isoprene and the likelihood of a high-ozone episode the following day. When nitrate (NO3) radicals are suppressed, high isoprene persists through the night, providing photochemical fuel upon daybreak and leading to a dramatic late-morning ozone peak. On nights with significant NO3, isoprene is removed before dawn; days with low morning isoprene then have lower ozone with a more typical afternoon peak. This biogenic-anthropogenic coupling expands the daily high-ozone window and likely has an opposite O3-NOx response to what would otherwise be expected, with implications for exposure and air-quality management in cities that, like St. Louis, are downwind of major isoprene-emitting forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Millet
- University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | | | - Lu Hu
- University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Dhruv Mitroo
- Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jay Turner
- Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Brent J Williams
- Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Kim SY, Millet DB, Hu L, Mohr MJ, Griffis TJ, Wen D, Lin JC, Miller SM, Longo M. Constraints on carbon monoxide emissions based on tall tower measurements in the US Upper Midwest. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8316-8324. [PMID: 23844675 DOI: 10.1021/es4009486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We interpret a full year of high-frequency CO measurements from a tall tower in the U.S. Upper Midwest with a time-reversed Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (STILT LPDM) and an Eulerian chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) to develop top-down constraints on U.S. CO sources in 2009. Our best estimate is that anthropogenic CO emissions in the U.S. Upper Midwest in 2009 were 2.9 Tg, 61% lower (a posteriori scale factor of 0.39) than our a priori prediction based on the U.S. EPA's National Emission Inventory for 2005 (NEI 2005). If the same bias applies across the contiguous U.S., the inferred CO emissions are 26 Tg/y, compared to the a priori estimate of 66 Tg/y. This discrepancy is significantly greater than would be expected based solely on emission decreases between 2005 and 2009 (EPA estimate: 23% decrease). Model transport error is an important source of uncertainty in the analysis, and we employ an ensemble of sensitivity runs using multiple meteorological data sets and model configurations to assess its impact on our results. A posteriori scale factors for the U.S. anthropogenic CO source from these sensitivity runs range from 0.22 to 0.64, corresponding to emissions of 1.6-4.8 Tg/y for the U.S. Upper Midwest and 15-42 Tg/y for the contiguous U.S. The data have limited sensitivity for constraining biomass + biofuel burning emissions and photochemical CO production from precursor organic compounds. Our finding of a NEI 2005 overestimate of CO emissions is consistent with recent assessments for individual cities and with earlier analyses based on the NEI 1999, implying the need for a better mechanism for refining such bottom-up emission estimates in response to top-down constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Kim
- University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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