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Liu Y, Wang X, Fang Z. Evaluating the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese individuals through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12137. [PMID: 38802439 PMCID: PMC11130208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obesity, providing evidence-based recommendations for clinicians to utilize these markers in developing exercise prescriptions for this group. The study was conducted by retrieving data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI and only including Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of different exercise interventions on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese people. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool and the data was analyzed using Stata 15.1 data analysis software. The RCTs were collected from January 2017 to March 2024. A total of 56 RCTs were included and the results of 10 outcomes were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The total sample size used in the study was 3193 The results showed that resistance training significantly reduced total cholesterol (SUCRA: 99.9%), triglycerides (SUCRA: 100.0%), low-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%), systolic pressure (SUCRA: 92.5%), and increased high-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%). Aerobic exercise significantly reduced insulin (SUCRA: 89.1%) and HbA1c (SUCRA: 95.3%). Concurrent training significantly reduced HOMA-IR (SUCRA: 93.8%), diastolic blood pressure (SUCRA: 71.2%) and Glucose (SUCRA: 87.6%). Exercise has a significant impact on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obese. Compared with no exercise, exercise lowers total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, insulin, and HbA1c, and increases HDL in people with overweight and obese. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for exercise interventions aimed at weight reduction and the prevention of chronic diseases in individuals with overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianzi Wang
- School of Computer Science, Anhui University of Technology, Huashan District, Ma'anshan City, 243002, China
| | - Zilong Fang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Liu X, Zhu H, Peng Y, Liu Y, Shi X. Twenty-Four week Taichi training improves pulmonary diffusion capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299495. [PMID: 38635535 PMCID: PMC11025805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of 24-week Taichi training and Taichi plus resistance band training on pulmonary diffusion capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-eight patients with T2DM were randomly divided into three groups: Group A-Taichi training: practiced Taichi 60 min/day, 6 days/week for 24 weeks; Group B-Taichi plus resistance band training: practiced 60-min Taichi 4 days/week plus 60-min resistance band training 2 days/week for 24 weeks; and Group C-controls: maintaining their daily lifestyles. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was applied to predict diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) by fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), von Willebrand Factor (vWF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor, and prostaglandin I-2. Taichi with or without resistance band training significantly improved DLCO, increased insulin sensitivity, eNOS and NO, and reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, vWF, IL-6, ICAM-1, and ET-1. There was no change in any of these variables in the control group. DLCO was significantly predicted (R2 = 0.82) by insulin sensitivity (standard-β = 0.415, P<0.001), eNOS (standard-β = 0.128, P = 0.017), TNF-α (standard-β = -0.259, P = 0.001), vWF (standard-β = -0.201, P = 0.007), and IL-6 (standard-β = -0.175, P = 0.032) in patients with T2DM. The impact of insulin sensitivity was the most important predictor for the variation of DLCO based on the multiple regression modeling. This study demonstrates that 24-week Taichi training and Taichi plus resistance band training effectively improve pulmonary diffusion capacity and blood glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Variation of DLCO is explained by improved insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, and reduced inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, vWF, and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huan Zhu
- Department of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yaofeng Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
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Lin YH, Li XH, Zhao HT, Chen JH, Li JQ, Yan Y. Short-term resistance training combined with cheese supplementation can optimize body parameters and intestinal microbiota in healthy adults. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:168-177. [PMID: 38464601 PMCID: PMC10920736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation have beneficial effects on the human body. However, it is unknown if RT's health-promoting benefits are enhanced by food-borne protein, such as cheese supplements. This study investigated at how the body composition, lipid profile, muscle strength and intestinal microbiota changed following four weeks of RT combined with cheese supplementation. Methods Thirty-five male and untrained adults were divided into 4 groups [control group (CON), low-dose group (LG), medium-dose group (MG), and high-dose group (HG)] and underwent a 4-week RT (3 times/week) in combination with cheese supplementation. Participants received 108 g (LG), 216 g (MG), or 324 g (HG) of cheese on the day of RT, and each serving (108 g) of cheese contained 6.7 g of food-borne protein. The RT program was a whole-body program with movements such as chest presses, leg presses, seated rowing, knee extensions and triceps pushdown. The exercise consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions at 70%RM, with a 120-s break in between. Body parameters (body composition, lipid profile and muscle strength) were assessed at baseline and after the 4 weeks of the intervention. The feces sample was taken every weekend. A two-way (group × time) mixed-design ANOVA was used to examine the body parameters. Independent one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between groups in baseline characteristics and different values of each parameter. Results HDL-C level was higher in MG than in LG. In comparison to LG, MG had lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body weight, body mass index, body fat mass and body fat percentage. However, there was no difference in muscle strength between in the four groups. The abundance of Actinobacteria was higher in LG and Erysipelotrichaceae was lower in MG and HG. Conclusion The findings suggest that cheese could be a readily available food-borne protein supplement to enhance the beneficial effects of RT on health. It may improve body composition and lipid profile by altering the proportion of intestinal microbiota. During the 4-week RT intervention, 13.4 g of foodborne protein in the form of cheese 3 times per week was the ideal dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Han Li
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhao
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian-Hao Chen
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing, 100084, China
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Kim SM, Ko Y, Kim DS, Kim NY, Hwang HC, Han DH. Effects of sports therapy on improvement of menopausal symptoms, psychological status, and body morphology in perimenopausal women. Menopause 2024; 31:326-335. [PMID: 38442307 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to increase the treatment rate of perimenopausal women by providing evidence-based nonpharmaceutical treatments through developing scientific evidence-based sports therapy and verifying its effectiveness. METHODS In a cross-over design, a total of 33 women were assigned to two different sequences of intervention: sports therapy and telephone intervention (n = 17) or telephone intervention and sports therapy (n = 16). A self-reported clinical symptom survey was conducted before and after the experimental and control periods using the following measures: the Menopause Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, and Patient Health Questionnaire 15. RESULTS There were significant differences in the changes in the scores for Menopause Rating Scale total (exercise phase, 17.8 ± 5.5 at baseline [B] and 13.5 ± 4.2 at follow-up [F]; control phase, 15.9 ± 6.0 [B] and 15.4 ± 5.3 [F]; P < 0.01), somatic symptoms (exercise phase, 9.5 ± 2.6 [B] and 6.6 ± 2.0 [F]; control phase, 8.5 ± 2.8 [B] and 8.0 ± 1.3 [F], P < 0.01), and urogenital symptoms (exercise phase, 4.9 ± 1.7 [B] and 4.1 ± 1.4 [F]; control phase, 4.3 ± 1.6 [B] and 4.4 ± 1.5 [F]; P < 0.01) between the exercise and control phases. There were also significant differences in the changes in the scores for PHQ-9 (exercise phase, 4.6 ± 4.4 [B] and 3.6 ± 3.3 [F]; control phase, 4.5 ± 3.8 [B] and 5.5 ± 4.6 [F]; P = 0.008) and PHQ-15 (exercise phase, 7.2 ± 4.4 [B] and 5.5 ± 3.5 [F]; control phase, 6.8 ± 4.4 [B] and 7.2 ± 4.9 [F]; P = 0.009) between the two phases. CONCLUSIONS Sports therapy would improve menopause symptoms, especially somatic and urogenital symptoms. In addition, sports therapy would improve depressive moods in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- From the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Suder A, Makiel K, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Kosowski P, Haim A. Exercise-induced effects on asprosin and indices of atherogenicity and insulin resistance in males with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:985. [PMID: 38200061 PMCID: PMC10782011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) development is associated with insulin resistance and obesity, with the progression of visceral adipose tissue playing a crucial role. Excessive adipose tissue is accompanied by an increase in the asprosin (ASP), which is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and the regulation of hunger and satiety. Exercise affects the release of ASP, which may regulate metabolism accordingly. Due to the inconclusive results of the effect of exercise on ASP concentration in men with MetS, 12-week interventions were carried out in the following groups: EG1-aerobic training (n = 21, age: 34.21 ± 6.06, WC; waist circumference: 114.7 ± 10.93) and EG2-a combination of aerobic and resistance training (n = 21, age: 37.37 ± 7.08, WC: 114.8 ± 11.64) and compared with a control group (CG) of men with MetS without any intervention (n = 20, age: 38.26 ± 7.43, WC: 115.3 ± 10.54). Body composition, indicators of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, and ASP were assessed four times: before the intervention, at 6 and 12 weeks of training, and 4 weeks after the training sessions. A comparison of the intervention influence on changes in the analyzed variables between the groups was performed using ANOVA test for dependent groups with post-hoc comparison. The effect size (ES) was also assessed using squared eta (η2). The implementation of aerobic training resulted in a decrease in ASP concentration (p = 0.03) within 6 weeks of the intervention, while in the CG a gradual increase in ASP was confirmed (p < 0.001). Aerobic-resistance training did not induce significant changes in ASP concentration but resulted in an increase in fat-free mass/fat mass (FFM/FM) ratio (p < 0.001), and a decrease (p = 0.04) in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Changes in the visceral adipose tissue level indicate a gradual decrease in both the EG1 (p = 0.01) and EG2 (p = 0.04) groups. Both aerobic and aerobic-resistance exercises may have a regulatory effect, mainly by reducing visceral adipose tissue, on the improvement of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Karol Makiel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kosowski
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Alon Haim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 653, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, 151, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Motlani V, Motlani G, Pamnani S, Sahu A, Acharya N. Endocrine Changes in Postmenopausal Women: A Comprehensive View. Cureus 2023; 15:e51287. [PMID: 38288203 PMCID: PMC10823308 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Menopause, when menstrual cycles stop, is brought on by a decline in the level of the hormones progesterone and oestrogen synthesised by the ovaries. Menopause is an unavoidable stage of a female's lifecycle, but because experiences differ for every woman, several women require health care aid to manage their health problems. The physiological variations that take place at various periods of the reproducing age, along with the kind and timing of menopause, are components that are frequently associated with a greater threat of cardiometabolic illness. The most researched associations between menopause and cardiometabolic health are reduced levels of ovarian estrogen synthesis and excessive amounts of androgen during the onset of menopause. Although testosterone and oestrogens have differing effects on adipocyte physiology, it is debatable how important oestrogens are for the emergence of metabolic disorders following menopause. The control of adipocyte differentiation by the brain as well as potential roles of oestrogen and endocrine disruptors chemicals are reviewed in this systematic review of the subject. In general, women had a greater frequency of metabolic syndrome compared to men. Female metabolism was significantly impacted by overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism. Osteoporosis is another medical condition that menopausal women may experience. Estrogen deprivation is the main contributor to osteoporosis in menopausal women. The regular cycle of bone turnover is disrupted by the decrease in estrogen secretion, which boosts osteoclastic resorption activity while decreasing osteoblastic activity. The entire article assesses and provides information on all the changes in a woman's life after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Motlani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Gunjan Motlani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Soumya Pamnani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Akshat Sahu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neema Acharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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He M, Hu S, Wang J, Wang J, Găman MA, Hariri Z, Tian Y. Effect of resistance training on lipid profile in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 288:18-28. [PMID: 37421743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise decreases cardiovascular risk and can alter the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Although it is believed that resistance training can potentially decrease serum lipid levels in postmenopausal females, the evidence remains inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to clarify the impact of resistance training on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women. METHODS Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase were searched. RCTs that evaluated the effect of resistance training on total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were included in this review. Effect size was estimated using the random effects model. Subgroup analyses based on age, duration of intervention, pre-enrolment serum lipid levels and body mass index were performed. RESULTS Data pooled from 19 RCTs revealed that resistance training can reduce TC [weighted mean difference (WMD) -11.47 mg/dl; p = 0.002], LDL-C (WMD -8.48 mg/dl; p = 0.01) and TG (WMD -6.61 mg/dl; p = 0.043) levels. TC levels decreased particularly in subjects aged < 60 years (WMD -10.77 mg/dl; p = 0.003), in RCTs lasting < 16 weeks (WMD -15.70 mg/dl; p = 0.048), and in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia (WMD -12.36 mg/dl; p = 0.001) or obesity (WMD -19.35 mg/dl; p = 0.006) before RCT enrolment. There was a significant decrease in LDL-C (WMD -14.38 mg/dl; p = 0.002) levels in patients with LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dl before trial enrolment. Resistance training reduced HDL-C (WMD -2.97 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels particularly in subjects with obesity. TG (WMD -10.71 mg/dl; p = 0.01) levels decreased particularly when the intervention lasted < 16 weeks. CONCLUSION Resistance training can decrease TC, LDL-C and TG levels in postmenopausal females. The impact of resistance training on HDL-C levels was small, and was only observed in individuals with obesity. The effect of resistance training on the lipid profile was more notable in short-term interventions and in postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia or obesity before trial enrolment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Haematology, Centre of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zahra Hariri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yu Tian
- Departments of Ultrasound, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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Gorodeski Baskin R, Alfakara D. Root Cause for Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Can Lifestyle and Nutrition Be the Answer for Remission. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:13-25. [PMID: 36754489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its association with metabolic syndrome are implicated in many disease states. Research has focused on the role of diet and lifestyle modifications in the evolution of prediabetes to diabetes seeking ways to intervene and improve outcomes. Proven nutritional include leaner proteins, an abundance of vegetables, extra-virgin olive oil, and controlled portioning of carbs and starches. The transition from a sedentary state to an exercise routine of moderate intensity has shown efficacy in lowering metabolic risks. The synergy of dietary and physical activity modifications are the building blocks for lifestyle modifications examined in this review as a means of preventing obesity-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Gorodeski Baskin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Dima Alfakara
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Tan A, Thomas RL, Campbell MD, Prior SL, Bracken RM, Churm R. Effects of exercise training on metabolic syndrome risk factors in post-menopausal women - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:337-351. [PMID: 36736057 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in the hormonal profiles as women transition to the menopause predisposes individuals to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). In post-menopausal women, this can be exacerbated by sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity. Physical activity can convey many health benefits including improvement in MetS risk factors. However, it remains to be elucidated how differing exercise intensities and its mode of delivery can ameliorate MetS risk factors and resultant progression amongst post-menopausal women. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects and efficacy of exercise training on MetS risk factors in post-menopausal women. METHODS Database searches using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were conducted from inception to December 2021 for randomised controlled studies (RCTs) investigating exercise training (>8 weeks) in at least one of the MetS risk factors in post-menopausal women. Utilising the random-effects model, appropriate standardised mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each MetS risk factor were used to calculate the overall effect size between the exercise and control groups. Sub-group analyses were performed for exercise intensity, modality, and duration for each risk factor. Meta-regression was performed for categorical (health status) and continuous (body mass index) covariates. RESULTS 39 RCTs (40 studies) involving 2132 participants were identified as eligible. Overall, the meta-analysis shows that exercise training significantly improved all MetS risk factors: waist circumference (WC) [MD: -2.61 cm; 95% CI: -3.39 to -1.86 cm; p < 0.001; 21 studies]; triglycerides (TG) [SMD: -0.40 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09 mmol/L; p = 0.01; 25 studies]; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [SMD: 0.84 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.41-1.27 mmol/L; p < 0.001; 26 studies]; fasting glucose (BG) [SMD: -0.38 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.60 to -0.16 mmol/L; p < 0.001; 20 studies]; systolic blood pressure (SBP) [MD: -5.95 mmHg (95% CI: -7.98 to -3.92 mmHg; p < 0.001; 23 studies]; and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [MD: -4.14 mmHg (95% CI: -6.19 to -2.08 mmHg; p < 0.001; 23 studies]. Furthermore, sub-group analyses identified that moderate intensity and combined exercise training significantly improved MetS risk factors (p < 0.05) except for HDL, with combined exercise being the most effective. Long duration (≥12 weeks) training also significantly improved MetS risk factors except for TG. Meta-regression revealed no moderating effects on any MetS risk variables. CONCLUSION This study reinforces the importance of regular physical activity as a non-pharmacological tool in the reduction of MetS risk in post-menopausal women, with significant metabolic improvements seen in interventions spanning 8-10 weeks. Moderate intensity and combined training significantly benefitted abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia and hypertension in post-menopausal women. Improvements in at least one MetS risk were also seen with other exercise modalities and intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbigail Tan
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - Rebecca L Thomas
- Diabetes Research Group, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Sciences Complex, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah L Prior
- Diabetes Research Group, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Richard M Bracken
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Zhong F, Xu Y, Lai HY, Yang M, Cheng L, Liu X, Sun X, Yang Y, Wang J, Lv W, Huang C. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in physically active elderly women: A randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004863. [PMID: 36338472 PMCID: PMC9631483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise can modulate gut microbiota and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota and CVD risk have not been investigated. Objective: This study determined the effects of exercise training on CVD risk and gut microbiota in physically active elderly women and whether exercise-induced gut microbiota changes were associated with CVD risk. Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 14 elderly women assigned to exercise group (n = 8) or control group (n = 6). Physical function, sarcopenic obesity, and metabolic syndrome were evaluated as components of CVD risk. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine intra-group and inter-group differences. Results: A significant group × time interaction was observed for chair sit-and-reach (F = 8.262, p = 0.014), single-leg standing with eyes closed (F = 7.340, p = 0.019), waist circumference (F = 6.254, p = 0.028), and body fat mass (F = 12.263, p = 0.004), for which the exercise group showed improved trends. The exercise group exhibited significant improvements in skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.041) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.017). Regarding gut microbiota, a significant interaction was observed for the class Betaproteobacteria (F = 6.822, p = 0.023) and genus Holdemania (F = 4.852, p = 0.048). Conclusion: The 8-week exercise training improved physical function, lowered CVD risk, and modulated relative abundance of gut microbiota associated with CVD in physically active elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhong
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinger Liu
- Kunshan Old Companion Home Care Service Agency, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Cong Huang,
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Robbins RN, Kelleher JL, Vellanki P, O’Connor JC, Mascaro JS, Nocera JR, Serra MC. Kynurenine Metabolism as a Mechanism to Improve Fatigue and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors Following Resistance Training. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:45. [PMID: 35736016 PMCID: PMC9225420 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot examines whether resistance training (RT) can induce changes in kynurenine (KYN) metabolism, which may contribute to improved physical function in breast cancer survivors (BCSs). Thirty-six BCSs (63.2 ± 1.1 years) underwent assessments of physical function and visual analog scale (100 cm) fatigue and quality of life before and after 12 weeks of RT (N = 22) or non-exercise control (CBCT©: Cognitively Based Compassion Training, N = 10). Blood was collected before and after interventions for assessment of KYN, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α). At baseline, the women were moderately fatigued (mean score: 46 cm) and at risk of poor functional mobility. A group*time interaction was observed for all measures of strength with improvements (~25−35%) following RT (p’s < 0.01), but not CBCT. Time effects were observed for fatigue (−36%) and quality of life (5%) (p’s < 0.01), where both groups improved in a similar manner. A group*time interaction was observed for KYN (p = 0.02) and PGC-1α (p < 0.05), with KYN decreasing and PGC-1α increasing following RT and the opposite following CBCT. These changes resulted in KYN/KYNA decreasing 34% post-RT, but increasing 21% following CBCT. These data support RT as a therapeutic intervention to counteract the long-term side effect of fatigue and physical dysfunction in BCSs. Additionally, the results suggest that this effect may be mediated through the activation of PGC-1α leading to alterations in KYN metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronna N. Robbins
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (J.C.O.); (M.C.S.)
| | | | - Priyathama Vellanki
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Jason C. O’Connor
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (J.C.O.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Mascaro
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Joe R. Nocera
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA; (J.L.K.); (J.R.N.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Monica C. Serra
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (J.C.O.); (M.C.S.)
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine and the Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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