Urodynamic and Bladder Diary Factors Predict Overactive Bladder-wet in Women: A Comparison With Overactive Bladder-dry

Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy With Vaginal and Urethral Erbium-Doped Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser for Overactive Bladder With Urinary Incontinence

OBJECTIVE

This retrospective cohort study with propensity score (PS) matching aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy with vaginal and urethral erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser (VEL+UEL) (SP Dynamis; Fotona d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia) in the treatment of overactive bladder with urinary incontinence (OAB-wet).

METHODS

The study included female OAB-wet patients aged 65 and above who were already taking OAB medication. Data obtained from electronic medical records were subjected to propensity score matching. All patients received instructions on pelvic floor exercises and were prescribed an appropriate dose of OAB medication. The VEL+UEL group (n=30) underwent three monthly laser sessions, while the control group (n=30) did not receive the treatment. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), three-day urination diary, and Vaginal Health Index Score (VHIS). Medication usage and adverse events were also assessed. Statistical analysis and R code were performed using the AI chatbot GPT-4.0.

RESULTS

The VEL+UEL group showed significant improvements in OABSS score, ICIQ-SF score, voided volume, daytime frequency, nocturia, and VHIS after 12 months of treatment (p<0.001). Notably, 13.3% of patients transitioned from OAB-wet to OAB-dry. In contrast, the control group did not exhibit significant changes. Medication use was significantly reduced in the VEL+UEL group compared to the control group (p<0.001). No long-term side effects were reported.

CONCLUSION

Combination therapy with VEL+UEL demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of OAB-wet. Improvements in OAB symptoms, voided volume, frequency, nocturia, and vaginal health were observed, with a subset of patients transitioning to OAB-dry. VEL+UEL therapy offers a potential treatment option for OAB-wet, reducing medication use and improving patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to investigate the mechanism, long-term effects, safety, and cost-effectiveness of VEL+UEL therapy.

Predictors of non-persistence in women with overactive bladder syndrome

Persistence is important for the success in the treatment of women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). We aimed to identify the predictors of non-persistence in women with OAB after first-line medical treatment. All consecutive women with OAB (n = 608), who underwent urodynamic studies and received first-line medical treatment (5 mg of solifenacin or 25 mg of mirabegron per day) in a referral medical center, were reviewed. Mirabegron (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.711) was associated with a higher persistence rate, compared to solifenacin. Mirabegron treatment (HR = 0.269) was less likely to switch medication; however, a high Urogenital Distress Inventory score (HR = 1.082) was more likely to switch medication. Furthermore, old age (HR = 1.050, especially for ≥ 75 years) and high voided volume (dL, HR = 1.420, especially for voided volume ≥ 250 ml) were associated with added medication at follow-up. Additionally, women with low parity (HR = 0.653, especially for parity ≤ 3) and a low Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) score (HR = 0.828, especially for IIQ-7 score ≤ 7) were associated with improvement without medication. In conclusion, mirabegron can be considered as the first frontline treatment to increase the persistence rate and decrease the rate of switched medications, compared to solifenacin. In addition, combination therapy or higher-dose monotherapy could be used as the first front-line treatment for women ≥ 75 years of age or with ≥ 250 ml of voided volume.

Progress in overactive bladder: novel avenues from psychology to clinical opinions

Rationale

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common, distressing condition that worsens with age and impacts quality of life significantly. As a results of its clinical symptoms, patients suffer from serious physical and mental health issues, have a poor quality of life, and participate in a serious economic burden. The key social-psychological factors include living habits, eating habits, and personality characteristics on this disease, even though the pathogenesis of OAB is complex. However, there is few cognitions and research on OAB in the field of psychology.

Methods/Search Strategy

Between 2000 and 2022, two electronic databases were systematically searched in accordance with Cochrane library guidelines (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science). An analysis of the remaining articles with relevant information was conducted using a data extraction sheet. An itemized flow diagram was adopted and used to report systematic reviews and meta-analysis. A systematic review of studies published from 2000 to 2022 in English language were conducted and included in the review.

The intended audience

Urological surgeon and psychologists majoring in urinary diseases.

Implication

As a result of this information, we are able to develop a better understanding of the role of psychological factors in the development of OAB and suggest potential therapeutic directions for OAB patients. This may benefit the recovery of OAB patients.

Overactive Bladder Patients With and Without Urgency Incontinence: A Spectrum of One Condition or Different Phenotypes?

IMPORTANCE

The importance of this study is to explore potential differences in pathophysiologies of OAB-wet and OAB-dry.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to define fundamental and unique presenting features of patients exhibiting storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with urgency incontinence (OAB-wet) and patients without urgency incontinence (OAB-dry).

STUDY DESIGN

This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases-sponsored Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network. Demographic, physical examination, and questionnaire responses were analyzed for women seeking care for LUTS at 6 U.S. centers. Differences between OAB-wet and OAB-dry patients were compared using the Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Differences in questionnaire data were assessed using a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction.

RESULTS

Fifty-six, 84, and 67 women were included in the OAB-dry, wet, and control cohorts, respectively. There was no difference in demographic and physical examination characteristics of the 2 groups. OAB-wet patients reported more urgency incontinence symptoms (LUTS 16a, P < 0.001). OAB-dry reported more bladder pain, feeling of incomplete bladder emptying (LUTS 4, P < 0.001), and a need to strain to urinate (AUA-SI 7, P = 0.003). Sensation of incomplete emptying and straining with urination did not correlate with elevated postvoid residual volumes. Although degrees of symptomatic bother were similar, bother in OAB-dry patients was most closely related to pelvic floor tenderness severity, whereas bother in OAB-wet patients was most related to urgency severity.

CONCLUSIONS

Women with OAB-dry have distinct presenting features of straining with urination, bladder pain, and a feeling of incomplete emptying. These suggest a unique pathophysiology driving OAB-dry symptoms, which we hypothesize is pelvic floor myofascial dysfunction.

Phenotyping of Urinary Urgency Patients Without Urgency Incontinence, and Their Comparison to Urgency Incontinence Patients: Findings From the LURN Study

PURPOSE

We characterize patients with urinary urgency with vs without urgency urinary incontinence who presented to clinics actively seeking treatment for their symptoms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Participants who enrolled in the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network were categorized into urinary urgency with vs without urgency urinary incontinence. Participants were followed for 1 year; their urinary symptoms, urological pain, psychosocial factors, bowel function, sleep disturbance, physical activity levels, physical function, and quality of life were compared. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to examine the relationships between urgency urinary incontinence and these factors.

RESULTS

Among 683 participants with urinary urgency at baseline, two-thirds (n=453) also had urgency urinary incontinence; one-third (n=230) had urinary urgency-only without urgency urinary incontinence. No differences were detected in urological pain between urinary urgency-only and urgency urinary incontinence. Those with urgency urinary incontinence had more severe urgency and frequency symptoms, higher depression, anxiety, perceived stress scores, more severe bowel dysfunction and sleep disturbance, lower physical activity levels, lower physical function, and worse quality of life than those with urinary urgency-only. Among those with urinary urgency-only at baseline, 40% continued to have urinary urgency-only, 15% progressed to urgency urinary incontinence, and 45% had no urgency at 12 months. Fifty-eight percent with urgency urinary incontinence at baseline continued to report urgency urinary incontinence at 12 months, while 15% improved to urinary urgency-only, and 27% had no urgency.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with urgency urinary incontinence have severe storage symptoms, more psychosocial symptoms, poorer physical functioning, and worse quality of life. Our data suggested urgency urinary incontinence may be a more severe manifestation of urinary urgency, rather than urinary urgency and urgency urinary incontinence being distinct entities.

Clinical outcome and urodynamic changes of tailored transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: A mid-term 40 Months follow-up

PURPOSE

To evaluate the changes in clinical outcome and urodynamic parameters after tailored anterior transvaginal mesh (ATVM) surgeries in a mid-term follow-up.

METHODS

Between November 2011 and December 2015, women with ≥stage II pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who underwent ATVM surgeries were retrospectively reviewed. The data-reviewing timeframe was until December 2021. Clinical and urodynamic diagnoses regarding urinary symptoms were evaluated before and after the operation.

RESULTS

A total of 160 women were included. Stress urinary incontinence decreased significantly after the operation (99% (159/160) vs. 43% (68/160), p < 0.01), as well as the pad weight (20.5 ± 2.7 vs. 9.4 ± 2.0, p < 0.001) and diagnosis of urodynamic stress incontinence (83% (132/160) vs. 51% (82/160), p < 0.01). Overactive bladder syndrome increased significantly after the operation (18% (29/160) vs. 28% (45/160), p = 0.03), even though the objective parameters, such as first and strong desire to void, bladder oversensitivity, and detrusor overactivity, were all improved after the operation. The pad weight was mostly improved significantly within the first postoperative 2 years. Eighteen (11%) women had global recurrent POP, and only one (0.6%) woman had true recurrence of cystocele. Twenty-four (15%) women had mesh extrusion, and two-thirds of them could be managed in an office setting.

CONCLUSIONS

In women with advanced cystocele, the ATVM surgery provides a favorable anatomic reduction outcome with an acceptable mesh extrusion rate. The ATVM provides an anti-incontinence effect, both in subjective symptoms and objective parameters, but this effect might decline after postoperative 2 years.

COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN BLADDER DIARY AND URODYNAMIC STUDY TO IDENTIFY LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS

Objective: To identify the similarity of lower urinary tract symptoms presented in the urodynamic study compared to the urinary diary. Method: This is a comparative study carried out in an urodynamics clinic in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil, with 44 patients who underwent the examination. Data collection was carried out by applying a questionnaire and a 72-hour bladder diary and comparing it with the findings of the urodynamic study using the SPSS for Windows and Stata/SE v.14.1 programs. Results: The bladder diary showed high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for identifying detrusor hyperactivity and stress urinary incontinence. There was no difference for bladder capacity (p* 0.198). It pointed to bladder sensitivity with a volume smaller than that presented by the urodynamic study (p*<0.001). It was able to identify lower urinary tract symptoms that were not present in the urodynamic study. Conclusion: The bladder diary was effective for identifying lower urinary tract symptoms and can be used to define first-line treatment with a broader range of population diagnosis, shorter time between complaints and treatment, cost reduction for the system, and less discomfort for the patient.

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE DIÁRIO VESICAL E ESTUDO URODINÂMICO PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE SINTOMAS DO TRATO URINÁRIO INFERIOR

Objetivo:Avaliar a efetividade do diário vesical para identificar sintomas do trato urinário inferior, em comparação ao estudo urodinâmico. Método: Trata-se de estudo observacional de corte transversal realizado em uma clínica de urodinâmica do sul catarinense com 44 pacientes submetidos ao exame. A coleta de dados deu-se por aplicação de questionário de dados epidemiológicos e de sintomas e diário vesical de 72 horas e comparação deste com os achados do estudo urodinâmico por meio do programa Stata/SE v.14.1. Resultados: O diário vesical apresentou alta especificidade, sensibilidade e acurácia para identificação de hiperatividade detrusora e incontinência urinária de esforço. Não apresentou diferença para capacidade vesical (p* 0,198) e apontou sensibilidade vesical com volume menor do que o apresentado pelo estudo urodinâmico (p*<0,001). Foi capaz de identificar sintomas de trato urinário inferior que não haviam se revelado no estudo urodinâmico. Conclusão: O diário vesical mostrou-se tão efetivo quanto o estudo urodinâmico para identificação de sintomas de trato urinário inferior, podendo ser utilizado para definição de tratamento de primeira linha com maior abrangência de diagnóstico populacional, menor tempo entre queixa e tratamento, redução de custo para o sistema e menor desconforto para o paciente.

Efficacy of Yun-type pelvic floor optimal training therapy and PFMT on middle aged women with mild to moderate overactive bladder: a randomized controlled trial

Background

The symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) are highly bothersome to patients. In behavioral therapy, traditional pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) can be boring and monotonous, which can cause poor compliance. It's important to establish a new safe and effective crotch-pelvic floor functional reconstruction training method [Yun-type pelvic floor optimal training (Yun-type training)] for OAB patients.

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, crossover trial recruited a total of 150 women with mild to moderate OAB. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Yun-type training (n=83) or PFMT (n=67). The intervention group was first given Yun-type training for 6 weeks, then switched to PFMT for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of elution. Patients in the control group were first treated with PFMT for 6 weeks, and changed to the use of Yun-type training for 6 weeks after 2 weeks of elution. The primary endpoint was overactive bladder symptom scores (OABSS) after 6 and 14 weeks of Yun-type training and PFMT.

Results

Yun-type training could significantly improve OABSS compared with PFMT after 6 and 14 weeks (P<0.001). Yun-type training was associated with an improvement in urine, urgency, urge urinary incontinence (UUI), urogenital distress inventory-6 (UDI-6), patient's perception of bladder condition (PPBC), voiding volume (VV), incontinence impact questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), female sexual function index (FSFI), sexual desire, arousal, pain, satisfaction, pelvic floor muscle tone, type I muscle strength, type II muscle strength, and sex partner satisfaction as compared with PFMT after 6 and 14 weeks. Moreover, nocturia, maximum flow rate (Qmax), and climax in the Yun-type training group were significantly improved after 6 weeks, and the average flow rate (Qave) was improved after 14 weeks in the Yun-type training group.

Conclusions

Yun-type training could yield additional benefits on OAB symptoms, sexual function, and sex partner satisfaction as compared with PFMT. The superior sexual function resulting from Yun-type training can be explained by the fact that it can contract deep and superficial muscle layers, resulting in increased vaginal wall pressure and blood flow, which further improves FSFI and sex partner satisfaction. It could lead to a new non-invasive treatment for OAB patients.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-INR-17012192.

Diagnostic Value of the Maximum Urethral Closing Pressure in Women With Overactive Bladder Symptoms and Functional Bladder Outlet Obstruction

Purpose

Overactive bladder (OAB) is observed in women with functional bladder outlet obstruction (FBOO), as are lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Therefore, we evaluated the urodynamic characteristics of women with storage LUTS and FBOO diagnosed by urodynamic studies (UDS).

Methods

Women (n=108) with storage LUTS and FBOO diagnosed by UDS were included in this study. The urodynamic characteristics of women with FBOO were compared with those of women with OAB (n=34) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI, n=78). FBOO was defined as a maximum flow rate (Qmax) < 15 mL/sec, combined with detrusor pressure at a Qmax (PdetQmax) > 20 cm H₂O in a pressure-flow study. The UDS included uroflowmetry, postvoid residual volume determination, a cystometrogram, and a pressure-flow study.

Results

Women with FBOO who had storage symptoms showed a higher PdetQmax and maximum urethral closing pressure (MUCP) than women with OAB and SUI. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) was observed in 17.6% of women with FBOO. MUCP was significantly higher in women with BOO than in women with BOO and IC/BPS (115.6±27.4 and 96.6±14.1 cm H₂O, P=0.00). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff values of MUCP in women with FBOO compared to women with OAB and SUI were 87 cm H₂O (sensitivity=81.5%, specificity=73.5%) and 36 cm H₂O (sensitivity=92.6%, specificity=84.4%), respectively. The cutoff value of MUCP in women with FBOO compared to women with FBOO and IC/BPS was 92 cm H₂O (sensitivity=85.4%, specificity=78.9%).

Conclusions

MUCP could have predictive value for identifying FBOO in women with complex LUTS.

Predictors of cure and overactive bladder syndrome after a mid-urethral sling procedure in women with stress urinary incontinence

OBJECTIVES

To determine predictive factors for the cure of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or persisting or de novo overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) after a mid-urethral sling procedure (MUS) for women with SUI, especially for menopausal women.

STUDY DESIGN

All women who had consecutively received MUS for SUI between January 2008 and July 2019 in a tertiary referral center were reviewed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model or logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictors of cure and persisting or de novo OAB after MUS.

RESULTS

A total of 385 women had undergone MUS, of whom 265 (68.8%) were menopausal. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model revealed that age (hazard ratio = 1.04), and preoperative detrusor overactivity (hazard ratio = 2.26) were independent predictors of persisting/recurrent SUI. Among the 216 women with preoperative OAB, 109 (50.5%) experienced resolution of their OAB after MUS; and among 169 women without preoperative OAB, twenty-five (14.8%) women developed de novo OAB after MUS (p < 0.0001). Preoperative OAB (hazard ratio = 3.97), small voided volume (hazard ratio = 0.83), and preoperative detrusor overactivity (hazard ratio = 1.62) were predictors of postoperative OAB. In addition, six (1.6%) women had mesh extrusion. Parity (odds ratio = 2.08) was the sole predictor of mesh extrusion. Menopause (hazard ratio = 1.69) was a predictor of postoperative OAB in the univariate analysis. However, menopause was not a predictor of cure or OAB in the multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Age and preoperative detrusor overactivity were independent predictors of persisting/recurrent SUI. In addition, preoperative OAB, small voided volume, and preoperative detrusor overactivity were predictors of postoperative OAB. These findings could serve as a guide for preoperative consultation for MUS.

Prevalence and predictors of nocturnal polyuria in females with overactive bladder syndrome

PURPOSE

To describe the prevalence and predictors of nocturnal polyuria (NP) in women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).

METHODS

Between July 2009 and January 2018, women with OAB were enrolled. NP was defined when the nocturnal polyuria index (NPI) (nighttime voided volume over 24-h voided volume) was > 33% (NPI33) in women ≥ 65 years-old and > 20% (NPI20) in women < 65 years old. Repeated analysis was also performed for NP defined by the NPI33 definition at all ages.

RESULTS

A total of 1071 women with OAB were analyzed. The overall prevalence of NP was 30% (319/1071), with the highest prevalence in women in the perimenopausal period (46-50 years old), while NP was diagnosed by age-dependent NPI. The overall prevalence of NP was 12% (128/1071), with an increasing trend with increasing age, while NP was diagnosed by the NPI33 definition only. Daytime frequency and nocturia episodes were both predictors for NP in both definitions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that more than 5 nocturia episodes noted in the 3-day bladder diary were an optimal cutoff value to predict nocturnal polyuria [(sensitivity = 85.6%, specificity = 61.0%; area = 0.80, 95% CI 0.77-0.82) and (sensitivity = 88.3%, specificity = 65.9%; area = 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.85), respectively, in the two definitions].

CONCLUSIONS

NP is common in women with OAB, especially in women with more than 5 nocturia episodes in their 3-day bladder diaries, and adjuvant therapy for better treatment efficacy is needed.

Comparison of lumbopelvic stability, low back pain and well-being of women who have overactive bladder syndrome to asymptomatic controls: cut-off points

AIMS

Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome has been associated with core muscles weakness, which is important in aetiology of low back pain (LBP) and affects general well-being. This study aimed to compare the lumbopelvic stability, LBP and well-being of women with OAB to asymptomatic controls and to determine the cut-off points.

METHODS

Women with (OAB group, n = 36) and without OAB syndrome (control group, n = 36) were included. The lumbopelvic stability with the Sahrmann and McGill trunk muscle endurance tests, LBP intensity with the Visual Analogue Scale were assessed. As for general well-being, sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), fatigue severity with the Fatigue Severity Index (FSI), anxiety and depression levels with the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS-A, HADS-D) were evaluated.

RESULTS

In the OAB group compared to the control group, the lumbopelvic stability scores were lower (p < 0.001) while LBP prevalence (p < 0.001), pain intensity (p = 0.020), and PSQI, FSI, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores (p < 0.001) were higher. The cut-off points for trunk extension, flexion, right and left lateral flexion endurance tests and Sahrmann test were ≤9.42 sec, ≤8.62 sec, ≤19.26 sec, ≤5.16 sec, and ≤2 level, respectively. The cut-off points for PSQI, FSI, HADS-D, HADS-A were >5, >5.22, >6 and >6 scores, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Women with OAB syndrome had lower lumbopelvic stability, higher LBP prevalence and intensity, lower sleep quality, and more fatigue, anxiety, and depression levels compared to asymptomatic women. The cut-off values were detected between the occurrence of OAB and lumbopelvic stability and general well-being parameters.

Predictors of further anti-incontinence interventions or transvaginal urethrolysis after a pubovaginal sling procedure in women with and without neurologic disorders

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE

The impact of neurologic disorders on the clinical outcome of suburethral sling procedures has seldom been studied. Our aim is to elucidate factors predicting further anti-incontinence interventions or transvaginal urethrolysis after a re-adjustable pubovaginal sling procedure (PVS), especially in patients with neurologic disorders.

METHODS

Medical records of all consecutive women who underwent re-adjustable PVS for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were reviewed.

RESULTS

A total of 589 women were enrolled, 152 (25.8%) women were found to have persistent or recurrent SUI after surgery, and 39 (6.6%) women underwent further anti-incontinence interventions. Postoperative voiding dysfunction was found in 46 (7.8%) women, and 23 women (3.9%) underwent transvaginal urethrolysis. Low body mass index (hazard ratio = 0.92) and low functional bladder capacity (dL, hazard ratio = 0.83) were factors predicting the presence of persistent/recurrent SUI. However, the presence of spinal cord disorder (hazard ratio = 8.91) and a history of prior surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (hazard ratio = 2.51) were factors predicting further anti-incontinence interventions. A high post-void residual volume (PVR, dL, hazard ratio = 1.52) and preoperative bladder outlet obstruction (BOO, hazard ratio = 5.39) were factors predicting postoperative voiding dysfunction. Similarly, a high PVR (dL, hazard ratio = 1.50) and preoperative BOO (hazard ratio = 5.38) were factors predicting transvaginal urethrolysis. A PVR >1.51 dL was an optimal cut-off value for predicting transvaginal urethrolysis.

CONCLUSION

The presence of spinal cord disorder and prior surgery for pelvic organ prolapse were predictors of further anti-incontinence interventions after re-adjustable PVS. In addition, a large PVR and preoperative BOO were predictors of transvaginal urethrolysis after re-adjustable PVS.

Development of a voiding diary using urination recognition technology in mobile environment

We invented a wearable device that can measure voiding time and frequency by checking a habitual series of characteristic motions among men. This study collected and analyzed urination time data collected smart bands worn by patients to resolve the clinical issues posed by using voiding charts. By developing a smart band-based algorithm for assessing urination time in patients, this study aimed to explore the feasibility of urination management systems. This study aimed to assess urination time based on a patient’s posture and changes in posture. Motion data were obtained from a smart band on the arm. An algorithm that identifies the three stages of urination (forward movement, urination, backward movement) was developed based on data collected from a 3-axis accelerometer and tilt angle data. Therefore, we analyze hidden Markov model (HMM)-based sequential data to determine urination time. Real-time data were acquired from the smart band. For data corresponding to a specific duration, the value of the signals was calculated and then compared with the set analysis model to calculate the time of urination. The final accuracy of the algorithm was calculated based on clinical guidelines for urologists. The experiment showed a high average accuracy of 92.5%, proving the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed urination time recognition technology draws on acceleration data and tilt angle data collected via a smart band; these data were then analyzed using a classifier after applying the HMM method.

Lower Urinary Tract Functional Assessment of Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: Correlation of Preoperative Clinical and Urodynamic Parameters

PURPOSE

To assess baseline clinical and urodynamic profiles of a contemporary cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) as part of the ROSE (Robotic and Open Surgery for Prostate Cancer: A Prospective, Multi-centre, Comparative Study of Functional and Oncological Outcomes) study.

METHODS

Men with localized prostate cancer undergoing RP were prospectively recruited to undergo clinical assessment and urodynamic testing prior to surgery as part of a clinical trial. The International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) was used to determine participants' degree of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

RESULTS

Eighty-five men with a median age of 64.5 years and a median prostate-specific antigen level of 6.3 ng/mL were prospectively recruited. Of patients with complete baseline data, 36 (50.7%), 28 (39.4%), and 7 (9.9%) had mild (IPSS<8), moderate (IPSS 8-19), and severe (IPSS>20) LUTS, respectively. Obstruction was identified in 18 men (29.5%), and 9 (14.8%) showed detrusor underactivity. Of the 15 patients with detrusor overactivity, 12 (80%) reported overactive bladder (OAB). Of men with urodynamic obstruction, 5 (31.3%), 10 (62.5%), and 1 (6.3%) reported mild, moderate, and severe LUTS, respectively. Of men without OAB, 4 (11.8%, P=0.002) showed filling phase abnormalities, 13 (46.4%, P=0.611) had flow rates of <15 mL/sec, and 7 (30.4%, P=0.767) showed obstruction. Of men with mild or no LUTS, 5 (20%, P=0.072) showed obstruction and 4 (16%, P=0.524) showed poor contractility.

CONCLUSION

LUTS and OAB were common in men with localized prostate cancer undergoing RP. Detrusor overactivity and urodynamic filling phase abnormalities were strongly correlated with OAB. IPSS did not show a strong correlation with bladder outflow obstruction or detrusor underactivity. Urodynamic filling abnormalities were found in 11.8% of men without OAB. Symptomatic and functional assessment may therefore have a role in the preoperative counselling of patients and possibly guide postoperative management of LUTS, especially if OAB is present.

Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort: How Can We Manage It?

The urethral catheter is used in various clinical situations such as diagnosing urologic disease, urine drainage in patients after surgery, and for patients who cannot urinate voluntarily. However, catheters can cause numerous adverse effects, such as catheter-associated infection, obstruction, bladder stones, urethral injury, and catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD). CRBD symptoms vary among patients from burning sensation and pain in the suprapubic and penile areas to urinary urgency. CRBD significantly reduces patient quality of life and can lead to several complications. CRBD is caused by catheter-induced bladder irritation due to muscarinic receptor-mediated involuntary contractions of bladder smooth muscle and also can be caused by mechanical stimulus of the urethral catheter. Various pharmacologic studies for managing CRBD, including antimuscarinic and antiepileptic agents and botulinum toxin injections have been reported. If urologists can reduce patients’ CRBD, their quality of life and recovery can improve.

Laparoscopic Long Mesh Surgery with Augmented Round Ligaments: A Novel Uterine Preservation Procedure For Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse

We aim to assess the surgical outcomes of our novel hysteropexy procedure, laparoscopic long mesh surgery (LLMS) with augmented round ligaments. Twenty-five consecutive women with stage II or greater main uterine prolapse defined by the POP quantification staging system were referred for LLMS. Long mesh is a synthetic T-shaped mesh, with the body fixed at the uterine cervix and the two arms fixed along the bilateral round ligaments. The clinical evaluations performed before and 6 months after surgery included pelvic examinations, urodynamic studies, and questionnaires for urinary and sexual symptoms. After a follow-up time of 12 to 24 months, the anatomical reduction rate was 92% (23/25) for the apical compartment. The average operative time was 65.4  ±  28.8 minutes. No major complications were recognized during LLMS. The lower urinary tract symptoms and scores on the questionnaires improved significantly after the surgery, except urgency urinary incontinence and nocturia. Neither voiding nor storage dysfunction was observed after the operations. All of the domains and total Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores of the 15 sexually active women did not differ significantly after LLMS. The results of our study suggest that LLMS is an effective, safe, and time-saving hysteropexy surgery for the treatment of apical prolapse.

Investigating the associations of mucosal P2Y6 receptor expression and urinary ATP and ADP concentrations, with symptoms of overactive bladder

AIM

To characterize purinergic signaling in overactive bladder (OAB).

METHODS

Mucosal biopsies were taken by flexible cystoscopy from patients with storage symptoms referred to Urology Departments of collaborating hospitals. Immunohistochemistry (n = 12) and Western blot analysis (n = 28) were used to establish the qualitative and quantitative expression profile of P2Y6 in human mucosa. Participants from the general population provided a mid-stream urine sample. Bioluminescent assays were used to quantify adenosine triphosphate (ATP; n = 66) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP; n = 60) concentrations, which were normalized to creatinine (Cr) concentration. All participants completed a questionnaire (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Overactive Bladder) to score urinary symptoms of OAB.

RESULTS

P2Y6 immunoreactivity, more prominent in the urothelium (colocalized with the uroepithelial marker pan-cytokeratin), was more greatly expressed in OAB compared to age- and sex-matched controls (benign prostatic hyperplasia) without OAB symptoms. Mucosal P2Y6 was positively correlated only with incontinence (P = .009). Both urinary ATP and its hydrolysis product, ADP, an agonist to P2Y6, were positively correlated with total OAB symptom score (P = .010 and P = .042, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The positive correlation of P2Y6 only with incontinence may indicate a different phenotype in OAB wet and warrants further investigation. Positive correlations of ATP and ADP with total OAB symptom score demonstrate upregulation in purinergic signaling in OAB; shown previously only in animal models. Further research is required to validate whether purinoceptors are indeed new therapeutic targets for this highly prevalent symptom complex.