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Cirak Z, Tanoglu A, Yeniceri M, Tanoglu EG, Kaplan M, Sade AG. Certolizumab Has Favorable Efficacy on Preventing Pancreas and Target Organs Damage in Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2024; 53:e588-e594. [PMID: 38986079 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was targeted to assess the efficacy of certolizumab on pancreas and target organs via biochemical parameters and histopathologic scores in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the following 5 equal groups: group 1 (sham group), group 2 (AP group), group 3 (AP + low-dose certolizumab group), group 4 (AP + high-dose certolizumab group), and group 5 (placebo group). Rats in all groups were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection and amylase, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, interleukin 1β, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were studied in blood samples. Histopathological investigation of both the pancreas and target organs (lungs, liver, heart, kidneys) was performed by a pathologist blind to the groups. In silico analysis were also accomplished. RESULTS The biochemical results in the certolizumab treatment groups were identified to be significantly favorable compared to the AP group (P < 0.001). The difference between the high-dose group (group 4) and low-dose treatment group (group 3) was found to be significant in terms of biochemical parameters and histopathological scores (P < 0.001). In terms of the effect of certolizumab treatment on the target organs (especially on lung tissue), the differences between the low-dose treatment group (group 3) and high-dose treatment group (group 4) with the AP group (group 2) were significant. CONCLUSIONS Certolizumab has favorable protective effects on pancreas and target organs in AP. It may be a beneficial agent for AP treatment and may prevent target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Cirak
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Honaz State Hospital
| | - Alpaslan Tanoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Murat Yeniceri
- University of Health Sciences, Institution of Hamidiye Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
| | - Esra Guzel Tanoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Hospital
| | - Mustafa Kaplan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Sultan Abdülhamid Han Hospital
| | - Ayşe Gökcen Sade
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sultan Abdülhamid Han Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Godbole NM, Chowdhury AA, Chataut N, Awasthi S. Tight Junctions, the Epithelial Barrier, and Toll-like Receptor-4 During Lung Injury. Inflammation 2022; 45:2142-2162. [PMID: 35779195 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung epithelium is constantly exposed to the environment and is critically important for the orchestration of initial responses to infectious organisms, toxins, and allergic stimuli, and maintenance of normal gaseous exchange and pulmonary function. The integrity of lung epithelium, fluid balance, and transport of molecules is dictated by the tight junctions (TJs). The TJs are formed between adjacent cells. We have focused on the topic of the TJ structure and function in lung epithelial cells. This review includes a summary of the last twenty years of literature reports published on the disrupted TJs and epithelial barrier in various lung conditions and expression and regulation of specific TJ proteins against pathogenic stimuli. We discuss the molecular signaling and crosstalk among signaling pathways that control the TJ structure and function. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) recognizes the pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns released during lung injury and inflammation and coordinates cellular responses. The molecular aspects of TLR4 signaling in the context of TJs or the epithelial barrier are not fully known. We describe the current knowledge and possible networking of the TLR4-signaling with cellular and molecular mechanisms of TJs, lung epithelial barrier function, and resistance to treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket M Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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Li X, Li X, Sun R, Gao M, Wang H. Cadmium exposure enhances VE‑cadherin expression in endothelial cells via suppression of ROCK signaling. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:355. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mei Gao
- Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Jiang N, Li Z, Luo Y, Jiang L, Zhang G, Yang Q, Chen H. Emodin ameliorates acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neutrophil recruitment. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:857. [PMID: 34178130 PMCID: PMC8220649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) activates the systemic inflammatory response and is potentially lethal. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of emodin on acute lung injury (ALI) in rats with SAP and investigate the role of the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its association with neutrophil recruitment. Sodium taurocholate (5.0%) was used to establish the SAP model. All animals were randomly assigned into four groups: Sham, SAP, emodin and dexamethasone (positive control drug) groups (n=10 mice per group). Histopathology observation of pancreatic and lung tissues was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of serum amylase, IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. Single-cell suspensions were obtained from enzymatically digested lung tissues, followed by flow cytometric analysis for apoptosis. In addition, the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated and apoptosis-associated proteins in lung tissues were measured by western blotting. Moreover, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D+ (Ly6G+) cell recruitment was detected using immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed that emodin markedly improved pancreatic histological injury and decreased the levels of serum amylase, IL-1β and IL-18. Pulmonary edema and apoptosis were significantly alleviated by emodin. Additionally, the protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD and cleaved caspase-1 were downregulated following emodin treatment. Moreover, emodin inhibited Ly6G+ cell recruitment in lung tissues. The present study demonstrated that emodin may offer protection against ALI induced by SAP via inhibiting and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neutrophil recruitment and may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Cong X, Kong W. Endothelial tight junctions and their regulatory signaling pathways in vascular homeostasis and disease. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109485. [PMID: 31770579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining vascular homeostasis. In endothelial cells (ECs), TJs are highly dynamic structures that respond to multiple external stimuli and pathological conditions. Alterations in the expression, distribution, and structure of endothelial TJs may lead to many related vascular diseases and pathologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the assessment methods used to evaluate endothelial TJ barrier function both in vitro and in vivo and describe the composition of endothelial TJs in diverse vascular systems and ECs. More importantly, the direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of TJ proteins by intracellular kinases and phosphatases, as well as the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TJs, including and the protein kinase C (PKC), PKA, PKG, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are discussed. With great advances in this area, targeting endothelial TJs may provide novel treatment for TJ-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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Wen W, Wang K, Jiang ZM, Zhang ZH, Zhou L. Continuous blood purification ameliorates clinical signs and corrects the plasma phospholipid levels of patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22411. [PMID: 29457280 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) is reported as a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. Recently, continuous blood purification (CBP) has been mostly applied for MODS treatment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CBP on plasma phospholipid level in patients with MODS. METHODS A total of 126 patients with MODS and 120 healthy people were collected. The serum cytokine levels, blood biochemical parameters, and blood gas indexes were detected, and the correlation among phospholipid compounds with serum cytokine levels, blood biochemical parameters, and blood gas indexes was analyzed. RESULTS Before CBP, levels of body temperature, RR, HR, CVP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, BUN, SCr, PaCO2 , SM747, and LPC540 were obviously higher, and pH, HCO3- , PaO2 , SaO2 , PE750, PI885, PC792, PC826, PC830, PC854, PC802, and PG747 were lower in the MODS group than those in the control group. During CBP, the MODS group had gradually declined RR, CVP, levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, BUN, SCr, PaCO2 , SM747, and LPC540 and increased HCO3- , PaO2 and SaO2 , PE750, PI885, PC792, PC826, PC830, PC854, PC802, and PG747. Besides, levels of PE750, PI885, PC792, PC826, PC830, PC854, PC802, and PG747 had an obvious negative correlation with levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, BUN, SCr, and PaCO2 , and a significant positive correlation with levels of HCO3- , PaO2 , and SaO2 . CONCLUSION CBP could effectively ameliorate clinical signs of patients with MODS and correct the plasma phospholipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Business Management, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhao Y, Lv Y, Hu Y, Tan Y, Bi X, Yu B, Kou J. DT-13 Ameliorates TNF-α-Induced Vascular Endothelial Hyperpermeability via Non-Muscle Myosin IIA and the Src/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2017; 8:925. [PMID: 28855900 PMCID: PMC5557769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DT-13(25(R,S)-ruscogenin-1-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)][β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-fucopyranoside) has been identified as an important factor in TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation. However, the effect of DT-13 on TNF-α-induced endothelial permeability and the potential molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Hence, this study was undertaken to elucidate the protective effect of DT-13 on TNF-α-induced endothelial permeability and the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo results showed that DT-13 could ameliorate endothelial permeability in mustard oil-induced plasma leakage in the skin and modulate ZO-1 organization. In addition, the in vitro results showed that pretreatment with DT-13 could increase the transendothelial electrical resistance value and decrease the sodium fluorescein permeability coefficient. Moreover, DT-13 altered the mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1 as determined by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses. DT-13 treatment decreased the phosphorylations of Src, PI3K, and Akt in TNF-α-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Further analyses with PP2 (10 µM, inhibitor of Src) indicated that DT-13 modulated endothelial permeability in TNF-α-induced HUVECs in an Src-dependent manner. LY294002 (10 µM, PI3K inhibitor) also had the same effect on DT-13 but did not affect phosphorylation of Src. Following decreased expression of non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA), the effect of DT-13 on the phosphorylations of Src, PI3K, and Akt was abolished. This study provides pharmacological evidence showing that DT-13 significantly ameliorated the TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial hyperpermeability through modulation of the Src/PI3K/Akt pathway and NMIIA, which play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yazheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yisha Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueyuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang L, Zhao B, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen EZ, Mao EQ. Biliary tract external drainage alleviates kidney injury in shock. J Surg Res 2015; 199:564-71. [PMID: 26163328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney injury is common in hemorrhagic shock (HS). Kidney injury leads to a systemic increase in serum chemokines and cytokines and causes injuries to other vital organs. Our previous studies showed that vitamin C led to organ protection and inflammation inhibitory effects in rat models of HS via induction heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We also found that biliary tract external drainage (BTED) increased the expression levels of HO-1 in rat livers. We investigated roles of BTED in kidney injury and its relationship with the HO-1 pathway in HS in this research. METHODS Rat models of HS were induced by drawing blood from the femoral artery. BTED was performed by inserting a catheter into the bile duct. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to sham group; HS group; zinc protoporphyrin IX (Znpp) group; BTED group; BTED + Znpp group, and BTED + bile infusion group. The expression levels of HO-1 in the kidney were analyzed by Western blotting. The expression levels of occludin messenger RNA in the kidney were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of occludin in the kidney were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Histology of renal was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Occludin messenger RNA and protein levels in the kidney increased markedly after BTED under HS conditions. Renal histopathologic scores decreased significantly after BTED under HS conditions. Znpp significantly inhibited all mentioned effects. CONCLUSIONS BTED alleviates kidney injury in rats of HS via the HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - En-Qiang Mao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 signaling targets microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 253:669-80. [PMID: 25791356 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-2985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in the working-age populations of developed countries, and effective treatments and prevention measures have long been the foci of study. Patients with DR invariably demonstrate impairments of the retinal microvascular endothelium. Many observational and preclinical studies have shown that angiogenesis and apoptosis play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of DR. Increasing evidence suggests that in DR, the small guanosine-5'-triphosphate-binding protein RhoA activates its downstream targets mammalian Diaphanous homolog 1 (mDia-1) and profilin-1, thus affecting important cellular functions, including cell morphology, motility, secretion, proliferation, and gene expression. However, the specific underlying mechanism of disease remains unclear. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 signaling pathway that specifically triggers endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients. Recently, RhoA and profilin-1 signaling has attracted a great deal of attention in the context of diabetes-related research. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which the RhoA/mDia-1/profilin-1 pathway is involved in progression of microvascular endothelial dysfunction (MVED) during DR has not been determined. This review briefly describes each feature of the cascade before exploring the most recent findings on how the pathway may trigger endothelial dysfunction in DR. When the underlying mechanisms are understood, novel therapies seeking to restore the endothelial homeostasis comprised in DR will become possible.
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ABCA1 expression in macrophages of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients with severe infection undergoing continuous blood purification. Int J Artif Organs 2015; 38:83-8. [PMID: 25744199 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive activation of the inflammatory mediator cascade after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients is associated with high mortality. Many studies have shown that continuous blood purification (CBP) could improve the prognosis of allo-HSCT patients with severe infection. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of CBP on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in macrophages, and to investigate the interventional effects of CBP on serum cytokine in allo-HSCT patients with severe infection. METHODS A total of 26 allo-HSCT patients with severe infection were included in this study. Before CBP and after CBP, blood samples were collected to observe hepatic and renal function, and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 were detected via ELISA. The THP-1 macrophages were exposed to serum samples obtained from patients at specific time points during CBP to test the changes of ABCA1 in macrophages by real-timePCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and C reaction protein (CRP) levels decreased significantly after CBP. Moreover, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 serum levels decreased significantly, but IL-10 level increased significantly after CBP (P<.05). After CBP, ABCA1 expression levels were higher than those before CBP, and ABCA1 expression was significantly increased with the supplementation of CBP (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS CBP improved the condition of allo-HSCT patients with severe infection. CBP may be a potent up-regulator of the ABCA1 levels in macrophages of allo-HSCT patients with severe infection.
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