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Moharrami M, Azimian Zavareh P, Watson E, Singhal S, Johnson AEW, Hosni A, Quinonez C, Glogauer M. Prognosing post-treatment outcomes of head and neck cancer using structured data and machine learning: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307531. [PMID: 39046953 PMCID: PMC11268644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) models in predicting post-treatment survival and disease progression outcomes, including recurrence and metastasis, in head and neck cancer (HNC) using clinicopathological structured data. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across the Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The methodological characteristics and performance metrics of studies that developed and validated ML models were assessed. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). RESULTS Out of 5,560 unique records, 34 articles were included. For survival outcome, the ML model outperformed the Cox proportional hazards model in time-to-event analyses for HNC, with a concordance index of 0.70-0.79 vs. 0.66-0.76, and for all sub-sites including oral cavity (0.73-0.89 vs. 0.69-0.77) and larynx (0.71-0.85 vs. 0.57-0.74). In binary classification analysis, the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of ML models ranged from 0.75-0.97, with an F1-score of 0.65-0.89 for HNC; AUROC of 0.61-0.91 and F1-score of 0.58-0.86 for the oral cavity; and AUROC of 0.76-0.97 and F1-score of 0.63-0.92 for the larynx. Disease-specific survival outcomes showed higher performance than overall survival outcomes, but the performance of ML models did not differ between three- and five-year follow-up durations. For disease progression outcomes, no time-to-event metrics were reported for ML models. For binary classification of the oral cavity, the only evaluated subsite, the AUROC ranged from 0.67 to 0.97, with F1-scores between 0.53 and 0.89. CONCLUSIONS ML models have demonstrated considerable potential in predicting post-treatment survival and disease progression, consistently outperforming traditional linear models and their derived nomograms. Future research should incorporate more comprehensive treatment features, emphasize disease progression outcomes, and establish model generalizability through external validations and the use of multicenter datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moharrami
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Parnia Azimian Zavareh
- Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erin Watson
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sonica Singhal
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Department, Health Promotion, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alistair E. W. Johnson
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ali Hosni
- Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carlos Quinonez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Galadima H, Anson-Dwamena R, Johnson A, Bello G, Adunlin G, Blando J. Machine Learning as a Tool for Early Detection: A Focus on Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer across Socioeconomic Spectrums. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:540. [PMID: 38339293 PMCID: PMC10854986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of various machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnoses against the backdrop of socio-economic and regional healthcare disparities. METHODS An innovative theoretical framework was developed to integrate individual- and census tract-level social determinants of health (SDOH) with sociodemographic factors. A comparative analysis of the ML models was conducted using key performance metrics such as AUC-ROC to evaluate their predictive accuracy. Spatio-temporal analysis was used to identify disparities in late-stage CRC diagnosis probabilities. RESULTS Gradient boosting emerged as the superior model, with the top predictors for late-stage CRC diagnosis being anatomic site, year of diagnosis, age, proximity to superfund sites, and primary payer. Spatio-temporal clusters highlighted geographic areas with a statistically significant high probability of late-stage diagnoses, emphasizing the need for targeted healthcare interventions. CONCLUSIONS This research underlines the potential of ML in enhancing the prognostic predictions in oncology, particularly in CRC. The gradient boosting model, with its robust performance, holds promise for deployment in healthcare systems to aid early detection and formulate localized cancer prevention strategies. The study's methodology demonstrates a significant step toward utilizing AI in public health to mitigate disparities and improve cancer care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiza Galadima
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (R.A.-D.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Rexford Anson-Dwamena
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (R.A.-D.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Ashley Johnson
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (R.A.-D.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Ghalib Bello
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Georges Adunlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA;
| | - James Blando
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (R.A.-D.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
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Choi N, Kim J, Yi H, Kim H, Kim TH, Chung MJ, Ji M, Kim Z, Son YI. The use of artificial intelligence models to predict survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9734. [PMID: 37322055 PMCID: PMC10272182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Most recent survival prediction has been based on TNM staging, which does not provide individualized information. However, clinical factors including performance status, age, sex, and smoking might influence survival. Therefore, we used artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze various clinical factors to precisely predict the survival of patients with larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We included patients with LSCC (N = 1026) who received definitive treatment from 2002 to 2020. Age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, location of tumor, TNM stage, and treatment methods were analyzed using deep neural network (DNN) with multi-classification and regression, random survival forest (RSF), and Cox proportional hazards (COX-PH) model for prediction of overall survival. Each model was confirmed with five-fold cross validation, and performance was evaluated using linear slope, y-intercept, and C-index. The DNN with multi-classification model demonstrated the highest prediction power (1.000 ± 0.047, 0.126 ± 0.762, and 0.859 ± 0.018 for slope, y-intercept, and C-index, respectively), and the prediction survival curve showed the strongest agreement with the validation survival curve, followed by DNN with regression (0.731 ± 0.048, 9.659 ± 0.964, and 0.893 ± 0.017, respectively). The DNN model produced with only T/N staging showed the poorest survival prediction. When predicting the survival of LSCC patients, various clinical factors should be considered. In the present study, DNN with multi-class was shown to be an appropriate method for survival prediction. AI analysis may predict survival more accurately and improve oncologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejun Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeJung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Chung
- Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Migyeong Ji
- Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Zero Kim
- Medical AI Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ik Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Stafie CS, Sufaru IG, Ghiciuc CM, Stafie II, Sufaru EC, Solomon SM, Hancianu M. Exploring the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Healthcare: A Multidisciplinary Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1995. [PMID: 37370890 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a more and more important role in our everyday life due to the advantages that it brings when used, such as 24/7 availability, a very low percentage of errors, ability to provide real time insights, or performing a fast analysis. AI is increasingly being used in clinical medical and dental healthcare analyses, with valuable applications, which include disease diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment planning, and drug discovery. This paper presents a narrative literature review of AI use in healthcare from a multi-disciplinary perspective, specifically in the cardiology, allergology, endocrinology, and dental fields. The paper highlights data from recent research and development efforts in AI for healthcare, as well as challenges and limitations associated with AI implementation, such as data privacy and security considerations, along with ethical and legal concerns. The regulation of responsible design, development, and use of AI in healthcare is still in early stages due to the rapid evolution of the field. However, it is our duty to carefully consider the ethical implications of implementing AI and to respond appropriately. With the potential to reshape healthcare delivery and enhance patient outcomes, AI systems continue to reveal their capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Silvia Stafie
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Georgeta Sufaru
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II-Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ingrid-Ioana Stafie
- Endocrinology Residency Program, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independentei 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Sorina Mihaela Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Dixit S, Kumar A, Srinivasan K. A Current Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models in Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Recent Technologies, Open Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071353. [PMID: 37046571 PMCID: PMC10093759 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a problematic global health issue with an extremely high fatality rate throughout the world. The application of various machine learning techniques that have appeared in the field of cancer diagnosis in recent years has provided meaningful insights into efficient and precise treatment decision-making. Due to rapid advancements in sequencing technologies, the detection of cancer based on gene expression data has improved over the years. Different types of cancer affect different parts of the body in different ways. Cancer that affects the mouth, lip, and upper throat is known as oral cancer, which is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. India, Bangladesh, China, the United States, and Pakistan are the top five countries with the highest rates of oral cavity disease and lip cancer. The major causes of oral cancer are excessive use of tobacco and cigarette smoking. Many people’s lives can be saved if oral cancer (OC) can be detected early. Early identification and diagnosis could assist doctors in providing better patient care and effective treatment. OC screening may advance with the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. AI can provide assistance to the oncology sector by accurately analyzing a large dataset from several imaging modalities. This review deals with the implementation of AI during the early stages of cancer for the proper detection and treatment of OC. Furthermore, performance evaluations of several DL and ML models have been carried out to show that the DL model can overcome the difficult challenges associated with early cancerous lesions in the mouth. For this review, we have followed the rules recommended for the extension of scoping reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA-ScR). Examining the reference lists for the chosen articles helped us gather more details on the subject. Additionally, we discussed AI’s drawbacks and its potential use in research on oral cancer. There are methods for reducing risk factors, such as reducing the use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as immunization against HPV infection to avoid oral cancer, or to lessen the burden of the disease. Additionally, officious methods for preventing oral diseases include training programs for doctors and patients as well as facilitating early diagnosis via screening high-risk populations for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriniket Dixit
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Anant Kumar
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kathiravan Srinivasan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Mathew R, Palatinus S, Padala S, Alshehri A, Awadh W, Bhandi S, Thomas J, Patil S. Neural networks for classification of cervical vertebrae maturation: a systematic review. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:796-804. [PMID: 36069934 PMCID: PMC9598845 DOI: 10.2319/031022-210.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of identification and/or classification of the stage of cervical vertebrae maturity on lateral cephalograms by neural networks as compared with the ground truth determined by human observers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search results from four electronic databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were screened by two independent reviewers, and potentially relevant articles were chosen for full-text evaluation. Articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and methodologic assessment by the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS The search identified 425 articles across the databases, from which 8 were selected for inclusion. Most publications concerned the development of the models with different input features. Performance of the systems was evaluated against the classifications performed by human observers. The accuracy of the models on the test data ranged from 50% to more than 90%. There were concerns in all studies regarding the risk of bias in the index test and the reference standards. Studies that compared models with other algorithms in machine learning showed better results using neural networks. CONCLUSIONS Neural networks can detect and classify cervical vertebrae maturation stages on lateral cephalograms. However, further studies need to develop robust models using appropriate reference standards that can be generalized to external data.
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Bansal K, Bathla RK, Kumar Y. Deep transfer learning techniques with hybrid optimization in early prediction and diagnosis of different types of oral cancer. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Raghavan A, Sandra SC, Madan Kumar PD. Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and survival prediction of patients with oral cancer: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jorr.jorr_65_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Thomaz EBAF, Costa EM, Queiroz RCDS, Emmi DT, Ribeiro AGA, Silva NCD, Hugo FN, Figueiredo N. Advances and weaknesses of the work process of the oral cancer care network in Brazil: A latent class transition analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2021; 50:38-47. [PMID: 34967970 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the provision of oral cancer (OC) care services in the Dental Specialties Centers (Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas-CEO) in Brazil and identify changes over two cycles of external evaluation of the Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality-PMAQ, in 2014 and 2018. METHOD This is a nationwide panel ecological study, including 916 CEO. Data from interviews with managers and dentists of the CEO were used, including variables related to training on OC, clinical protocols, biopsies, referral for diagnosis and treatment, and registration of users with OC. We carried out Latent Transition Analysis (LTA) to identify patterns (latent status LS) of service adequacy and work processes' changes between the two assessment cycles. We tested models with three, four, and five LS, selecting the one with the best conceptual interpretability and good model fit parameters. Data from the LS were plotted on choropleth and hotspots maps in Brazil allowing us to identify areas with the better or worse provision of specialized OC services. RESULTS The model with four LS was chosen. The four LS were named: 1.'Most indicators inadequate for OC care' (the worst); 2. 'Most indicators suitable for OC care' (the best); 3. 'CEO with a poor relation with Primary Health Care (PHC) services'; and 4. 'CEO with a poor relation with tertiary hospital services'. The comparison of the LS transition between the two cycles revealed that 419 (45.7%) CEO remained in the same LS (1→1, 3→4, 2→2); 228 (24.9%) switched to a worse status (2→1, 2→4, 3→1) and 269 (29.4%) switched to a better LS (1→2, 1→4, 3→2). While the majority of the CEO improved, we identified a decline of 17.8% in those who reported performing biopsies and 18.3% in the number of CEO that had hospitals for referring confirmed OC cases. Almost all Brazilian states had CEO that improved the work process. The Southeast and South regions had the highest percentage of CEO with the better work process in both cycles. Hotspots showed areas concentrating improvements in the work process in the Northeast region. However, some hotspots in the North revealed some CEO where the work process deteriorated or remained unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS There are regional inequities in the provision of OC care in CEO. Most services improved their work process or remained stable. However, the biopsies and the referral to hospital care for confirmed cases declined, indicating that CEO need to improve planning and care provision to reduce OC morbimortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Núbia Cristina da Silva
- Methods Analytics and Technology for Health Consortium, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nilcema Figueiredo
- Academic Area of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Carrillo-Perez F, Pecho OE, Morales JC, Paravina RD, Della Bona A, Ghinea R, Pulgar R, Pérez MDM, Herrera LJ. Applications of artificial intelligence in dentistry: A comprehensive review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 34:259-280. [PMID: 34842324 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive review of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in dentistry, providing the community with a broad insight on the different advances that these technologies and tools have produced, paying special attention to the area of esthetic dentistry and color research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The comprehensive review was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, for papers published in English language in the last 20 years. RESULTS Out of 3871 eligible papers, 120 were included for final appraisal. Study methodologies included deep learning (DL; n = 76), fuzzy logic (FL; n = 12), and other ML techniques (n = 32), which were mainly applied to disease identification, image segmentation, image correction, and biomimetic color analysis and modeling. CONCLUSIONS The insight provided by the present work has reported outstanding results in the design of high-performance decision support systems for the aforementioned areas. The future of digital dentistry goes through the design of integrated approaches providing personalized treatments to patients. In addition, esthetic dentistry can benefit from those advances by developing models allowing a complete characterization of tooth color, enhancing the accuracy of dental restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of AI and ML has an increasing impact on the dental profession and is complementing the development of digital technologies and tools, with a wide application in treatment planning and esthetic dentistry procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carrillo-Perez
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T.-C.I.T.I.C. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Oscar E Pecho
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T.-C.I.T.I.C. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rade D Paravina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Razvan Ghinea
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Pulgar
- Department of Stomatology, Campus Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T.-C.I.T.I.C. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Zhang L, Zhong Q, Yu Z. Optimization of Tumor Disease Monitoring in Medical Big Data Environment Based on High-Order Simulated Annealing Neural Network Algorithm. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 2021:8996673. [PMID: 34712319 PMCID: PMC8548164 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8996673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the development of medical informatization, the data related to medical field are growing at an amazing speed, and medical big data appears. The mining and analysis of these data plays an important role in the prediction, monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of tumor diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes a clustering algorithm of the high-order simulated annealing neural network algorithm and uses this algorithm to extract tumor disease-related big data, constructs training set according to the relevant information mined, designs a kind of dimension reduction model, aiming at the problem of excessive and wrong diagnosis and treatment in the diagnosis and treatment module of tumor disease monitoring mode, and establishes the corresponding control mechanism, so as to optimize the tumor disease monitoring mode. The results show that the clustering accuracy of the high-order simulated annealing neural network algorithm on different data sets (iris, wine, and Pima India diabetes) is 97.33%, 82.11%, and 70.56% and the execution time is 0.75 s, 0.562 s, and 1.092 s, which are better than those of the fast k-medoids algorithm and improved k-medoids clustering algorithm. To sum up, the high-order simulated annealing neural network algorithm can achieve good clustering effect in medical big data mining. The establishment of model M1 can reduce the probability of excessive and wrong medical treatment and improve the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment module monitoring in tumor disease monitoring mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Qixiang Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Zhenglun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Yu H, Ma SJ, Farrugia M, Iovoli AJ, Wooten KE, Gupta V, McSpadden RP, Kuriakose MA, Markiewicz MR, Chan JM, Hicks WL, Platek ME, Singh AK. Machine Learning Incorporating Host Factors for Predicting Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184559. [PMID: 34572786 PMCID: PMC8467754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostication for cancer patients is integral for patient counseling and treatment planning, yet providing accurate prediction can be challenging using existing patient-specific clinical indicators and host factors. In this work, we evaluated common machine learning models in predicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients' overall survival based on demographic, clinical features and host factors. We found random survival forest had best performance among the models evaluated, which achieved a C-index of 0.729 and AUROC of 0.792 in predicting two-year overall survival. In addition, we verified that host factors are independently predictive of HNSCC overall survival, which improved the C-index by a margin of 0.026 and the AUROC by 0.034. Due to the strong correlation among host factors, we showed that proper dimension reduction is an important step before their incorporation into the machine learning models, which provides a host factor score reflecting the patients' nutrition and inflammation status. The score by itself showed excellent discriminating capacity with the high-risk group having a hazard ratio of 3.76 (1.93-7.32, p < 0.0001) over the low-risk group. The hazard ratios were further improved to 7.41 (3.66-14.98, p < 0.0001) by the random survival forest model after including demographic and clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Sung Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.I.); (M.E.P.)
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mark Farrugia
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.I.); (M.E.P.)
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Austin J. Iovoli
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.I.); (M.E.P.)
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kimberly E. Wooten
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.E.W.); (V.G.); (R.P.M.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (W.L.H.J.)
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.E.W.); (V.G.); (R.P.M.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (W.L.H.J.)
| | - Ryan P. McSpadden
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.E.W.); (V.G.); (R.P.M.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (W.L.H.J.)
| | - Moni A. Kuriakose
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.E.W.); (V.G.); (R.P.M.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (W.L.H.J.)
| | - Michael R. Markiewicz
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.E.W.); (V.G.); (R.P.M.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (W.L.H.J.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jon M. Chan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.E.W.); (V.G.); (R.P.M.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (W.L.H.J.)
| | - Wesley L. Hicks
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.E.W.); (V.G.); (R.P.M.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.M.); (J.M.C.); (W.L.H.J.)
| | - Mary E. Platek
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.I.); (M.E.P.)
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Dietetics, D’Youville College, 270 Porter Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA
| | - Anurag K. Singh
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.I.); (M.E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-845-5715; Fax: +1-716-845-7616
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Ren R, Luo H, Su C, Yao Y, Liao W. Machine learning in dental, oral and craniofacial imaging: a review of recent progress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11451. [PMID: 34046262 PMCID: PMC8136280 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence has been emerging as an increasingly important aspect of our daily lives and is widely applied in medical science. One major application of artificial intelligence in medical science is medical imaging. As a major component of artificial intelligence, many machine learning models are applied in medical diagnosis and treatment with the advancement of technology and medical imaging facilities. The popularity of convolutional neural network in dental, oral and craniofacial imaging is heightening, as it has been continually applied to a broader spectrum of scientific studies. Our manuscript reviews the fundamental principles and rationales behind machine learning, and summarizes its research progress and its recent applications specifically in dental, oral and craniofacial imaging. It also reviews the problems that remain to be resolved and evaluates the prospect of the future development of this field of scientific study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haozhe Luo
- School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Wang X, Li BB. Deep Learning in Head and Neck Tumor Multiomics Diagnosis and Analysis: Review of the Literature. Front Genet 2021; 12:624820. [PMID: 33643386 PMCID: PMC7902873 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.624820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck tumors are the sixth most common neoplasms. Multiomics integrates multiple dimensions of clinical, pathologic, radiological, and biological data and has the potential for tumor diagnosis and analysis. Deep learning (DL), a type of artificial intelligence (AI), is applied in medical image analysis. Among the DL techniques, the convolution neural network (CNN) is used for image segmentation, detection, and classification and in computer-aided diagnosis. Here, we reviewed multiomics image analysis of head and neck tumors using CNN and other DL neural networks. We also evaluated its application in early tumor detection, classification, prognosis/metastasis prediction, and the signing out of the reports. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and potential of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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