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Saeed RH, Faqe Ahmed Abdulrahman Z, Mohammad DK. Exploring the interplay between microRNA expression and DNA mutation analysis in AML patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104027. [PMID: 38831894 PMCID: PMC11145380 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML, affecting gene expression, including that of CD markers and impacting mutations within leukemic cells. Mutations in AML can alter miRNA profiles, which can affect the expression of CD markers and contribute to disease progression by influencing cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we examined the interplay of cell surface protein expression (CD markers), DNA mutations, and microRNA expression in AML patients. We included 32 recently diagnosed AML patients, and CD marker expression was evaluated using flow cytometry and molecular techniques. This study aims to delve into this relationship within the context of AML, elucidating its potential implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic interventions. Mutations were scrutinized in six patients using Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES), while quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed to investigate the expression levels of nine microRNAs. Subsequently, a comprehensive interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software, focusing on genes with significant mutations and their corresponding microRNAs. Cell surface protein expression analysis revealed upregulation of CD45, CD99, CD34, HLA-DR, CD38, CD13, CD33, MPO, CD15 and CD117 in AML patients. The molecular analysis results unveiled mutations in specific genes (FLT3, KIT, PTPN11, BCR, DNMT3A, and NRAS) targeted by nine microRNAs. Notably, eight microRNAs exhibited heightened expression levels. Network analysis highlighted interactions between the PTPN11 gene and six scrutinized microRNAs. Understanding the regulatory dynamics between gene mutations and microRNAs in AML patients is pivotal for unraveling the disease's molecular mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Further exploration into the functional roles of microRNAs in gene regulation and AML pathogenesis is warranted to validate their potential as therapeutic targets, diagnostic markers, and advanced treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastee H. Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Dara K. Mohammad
- College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Anastasio AT, Adams SB. Cartilage Injuries: Basic Science Update. Foot Ankle Clin 2024; 29:357-369. [PMID: 38679445 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The last several decades have brought about substantial development in our understanding of the biomolecular pathways associated with chondral disease and progression to arthritis. Within domains relevant to foot and ankle, genetic modification of stem cells, augmentation of bone marrow stimulation techniques, and improvement on existing scaffolds for delivery of orthobiologic agents hold promise in improving treatment of chondral injuries. This review summarizes novel developments in the understanding of the molecular pathways underlying chondral damage and some of the recent advancements within related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Anastasio
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Health System, 311 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Samuel B Adams
- Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Health System, 311 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Tsotridou E, Georgiou E, Tragiannidis A, Avgeros C, Tzimagiorgis G, Lambrou M, Papakonstantinou E, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Hatzipantelis E. miRNAs as predictive biomarkers of response to treatment in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:71. [PMID: 38192661 PMCID: PMC10773203 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are promising prognostic biomarkers in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present study aimed to identify miRNAs that could serve as prognostic biomarkers or as novel therapeutic targets in ALL. The expression levels of 84 miRNAs were assessed in the bone marrow aspirates of 10 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed ALL at diagnosis and on day 33 of induction of the ALL Intercontinental Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 2009 protocol, and associations with established prognostic factors were evaluated. The levels at diagnosis of 25 miRNAs were associated with ≥2 prognostic factors. Higher expression levels of let-7c-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-30b-5p and miR-31-5p were significantly associated with a good prednisone response. The expression levels of miR-125b-5p, miR-150-5p and miR-99a-5p were significantly higher in standard- or intermediate-risk patients compared with those in high-risk patients (P=0.017, P=0.033 and P=0.017, respectively), as well as in those with a complete response at the end of induction (P=0.044 for all three miRNAs). The change in expression levels between diagnosis and the end of induction differed significantly between risk groups for three miRNAs: miR-206, miR-210 and miR-99a (P=0.033, P=0.047 and P=0.008, respectively), with the post induction levels of miR-206 increased in high-risk patients, whilst miR-210 and miR-99a levels were increased in intermediate/standard risk patients. Therefore, miRNAs that could be integrated into the risk stratification of pediatric ALL after further evaluation in larger patient cohorts were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsotridou
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
| | - Elisavet Georgiou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tragiannidis
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos Avgeros
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Maria Lambrou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 42, Greece
| | - Eugenia Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 42, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Hatzipantelis
- Children and Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 546 36, Greece
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4
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Tesolato SE, González-Gamo D, Barabash A, Claver P, de la Serna SC, Domínguez-Serrano I, Dziakova J, de Juan C, Torres AJ, Iniesta P. Expression Analysis of hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-132-3p and hsa-miR-23a-3p as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer-Relationship to the Body Mass Index. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3324. [PMID: 37444431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the expression levels of four preselected miRNAs previously linked to cancer and/or obesity, with the purpose of finding potential biomarkers in the clinical management of CRC developed by patients showing different BMI values. We analyzed samples from a total of 65 subjects: 43 affected by CRC and 22 without cancer. Serum and both subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues (SAT and OAT) were investigated, as well as tumor and non-tumor colorectal tissues in the case of the CRC patients. The relative expression (2-∆∆Ct) levels of 4 miRNAs (hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, has-miR-132-3p and hsa-miR-23a-3p) were measured by RT-qPCR. Serum, SAT and OAT expression levels of these miRNAs showed significant differences between subjects with and without CRC, especially in the group of overweight/obese subjects. In CRC, serum levels of hsa-miR-143-3p clearly correlated with their levels in both SAT and OAT, independently of the BMI group. Moreover, hsa-miR-181a-5p could be considered as a biomarker in CRC patients with BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2 and emerges as a tumor location marker. We conclude that both adiposity and CRC induce changes in the expression of the miRNAs investigated, and hsa-miR-143-3p and hsa-miR-181a-5p expression analysis could be useful in the clinical management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Elena Tesolato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Gamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barabash
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERDEM (Network Biomedical Research Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, San Carlos Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Claver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Cristina de la Serna
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Digestive Surgery Service, San Carlos Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Domínguez-Serrano
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Digestive Surgery Service, San Carlos Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jana Dziakova
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Digestive Surgery Service, San Carlos Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen de Juan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio José Torres
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Digestive Surgery Service, San Carlos Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Iniesta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Rzepiel A, Horváth A, Kutszegi N, Gézsi A, Sági JC, Almási L, Egyed B, Lőrincz P, Visnovitz T, Kovács GT, Szalai C, Semsei ÁF, Erdélyi DJ. MiR-128-3p as blood based liquid biopsy biomarker in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 67:101893. [PMID: 36640912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal residual disease (MRD) is one of the most valuable independent prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Bone marrow (BM) aspiration, however, is an invasive process. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miR) and extracellular vesicle (EV)-related miRs show different expression profiles at the presence of malignant cells compared to healthy controls. In our previous project, we have reported that two miRs previously described to be overexpressed in blasts were significantly decreased over the first week of the therapy of patients with ALL in the platelet free plasma fraction (PFP) of peripheral blood samples (PB). The aim of the current study was to assess the relation between day 15 flow cytometry (FC) MRD and expression of miR-128-3p and miR-222-3p miRs in exosome-enriched fraction (EEF) of PFP to evaluate whether their expression in EEF correlates with day 15 FC MRD more precisely. METHODS PB was collected from 13 patients diagnosed with pediatric pre-B ALL at 4 time points. Expression of miR-128-3p and miR-222-3p was measured by qPCR in PFP and EEF. RESULTS Positive correlation was found between changes of miR-128-3p expression in EEF or PFP by day 8 of chemotherapy and day 15 FC MRD (rEEF = 0.99, pEEF = 1.13E-9 and rPFP = 0.99, pPFP = 4.75E-9, respectively). Furthermore, the decrease of miR-128-3p in EEF by day 15 of treatment also showed a positive correlation with day 15 FC MRD (rEEF = 0.96; pEEF = 4.89E-5). CONCLUSION Our results show that circulating miRs are potential biomarkers of ALL MRD, asmiR-128-3p level both in PFP and EEF predicts day 15 FC MRD. In addition, the assessment of the EEF gave a more promising result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rzepiel
- Dept. of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Horváth
- Dept. of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Dept. of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kutszegi
- Dept. of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Dept. of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Gézsi
- Dept. of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit C Sági
- Dept. of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Dept. of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Almási
- Dept. of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Egyed
- Dept. of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Dept. of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Dept. of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Dept. of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Dept. of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Dept. of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor T Kovács
- Dept. of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szalai
- Dept. of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Heim Pál Children Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes F Semsei
- Dept. of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Ziętara KJ, Lejman J, Wojciechowska K, Lejman M. The Importance of Selected Dysregulated microRNAs in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Childhood B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020428. [PMID: 36672378 PMCID: PMC9856444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a frequent type of childhood hematological malignancy. The disease is classified into several subtypes according to genetic abnormalities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in pathological processes (e.g., proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation). A miRNA is a group of short non-coding RNAs with relevant regulatory effects on gene expression achieved by suppression of the translation or degradation of messenger RNA (mRNA). These molecules act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes in the pathogenesis of pediatric leukemias. The characteristic features of miRNAs are their stable form and the possibility of secretion to the circulatory system. The role of miRNA in BCP-ALL pathogenesis is still emerging, but several studies have suggested using miRNA expression profiles as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy in leukemia. The dysregulation of some miRNAs involved in childhood acute lymphoid leukemia, such as miR-155, miR-200c, miR-100, miR-181a, miR125b, and miR146a is discussed, showing their possible employment as therapeutic targets. In the current review, the capabilities of miRNAs in non-invasive diagnostics and their prognostic potential as biomarkers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Joanna Ziętara
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Lejman
- Independent Public Health Care Facility of The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration in Lublin, 20-331 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wojciechowska
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Dhiflaoui A, Mahjoub S, Chayeb V, Achour B, Chouchen S, Abdennebi HB, Mahjoub T, Almawi WY. miR-146a, miR-196a2, miR-499, and miR-149 linked with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case-control study in Tunisia. Gene 2022; 834:146648. [PMID: 35690283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers of hematological malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Recent studies revealed that miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (miR-SNP) modulate cancer risk by regulating various signaling pathways. However, their association with altered risk of ALL yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association of four miR-SNPs with altered risk of ALL risk in Tunisian, the first on North African population. METHODS A retrospective case-control study exploring the association of miR-146a, miR-196a2, miR-499, and miR-149 SNPs in 126 ALL patients and 126 healthy controls. RESULTS Of the tested variants, significantly lower minor allele frequencies (MAF) of miR-146a C-allele and higher MAF frequency of miR-149 T-allele (P = 0.006) were seen in ALL cases. The association of miR-149 rs2292832 (Pc = 0.02), but not miR-146a rs2910164 (Pc = 0.11) persisted after correcting for multiple comparisons. Significantly reduced prevalence of miR-146a G/C genotype and higher frequency of miR-149 C/T genotype were seen in ALL cases vs. control subjects, which translated into negative association of miR-146a (rs2910164) with ALL according to the codominant and dominant models. Similarly, miR-149 (rs2292832) was positively associated with ALL according to the codominant and dominant genetic models. Three combinations comprising miR-146a/miR-196a2 GG vs CT + TT genotype combination, miR-146a/miR-499 GG vs TC + CC genotype combination, and miR-146a/miR-149 GG vs CT + TT genotype combination, were less frequent in ALL patients than in controls, and were negatively associated with the presence of ALL. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that miR-146a and miR-149 polymorphisms constitute biomarkers for personalized diagnosis of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Dhiflaoui
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Vera Chayeb
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Bechir Achour
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Chouchen
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Abdennebi
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases (LR12ES07), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan (Astana), Kazakhstan.
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Implication of microRNAs in Carcinogenesis with Emphasis on Hematological Malignancies and Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105838. [PMID: 35628648 PMCID: PMC9143361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs, that are involved in the multistep process of carcinogenesis, contributing to all established hallmarks of cancer. In this review, implications of miRNAs in hematological malignancies and their clinical utilization fields are discussed. As components of the complex regulatory network of gene expression, influenced by the tissue microenvironment and epigenetic modifiers, miRNAs are “micromanagers” of all physiological processes including the regulation of hematopoiesis and metabolic pathways. Dysregulated miRNA expression levels contribute to both the initiation and progression of acute leukemias, the metabolic reprogramming of malignantly transformed hematopoietic precursors, and to the development of chemoresistance. Since they are highly stable and can be easily quantified in body fluids and tissue specimens, miRNAs are promising biomarkers for the early detection of hematological malignancies. Besides novel opportunities for differential diagnosis, miRNAs can contribute to advanced chemoresistance prediction and prognostic stratification of acute leukemias. Synthetic oligonucleotides and delivery vehicles aim the therapeutic modulation of miRNA expression levels. However, major challenges such as efficient delivery to specific locations, differences of miRNA expression patterns between pediatric and adult hematological malignancies, and potential side effects of miRNA-based therapies should be considered.
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MicroRNA as a Potential Therapeutic Molecule in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061008. [PMID: 35326459 PMCID: PMC8947269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs, as post-translational regulators of many target genes, are not only markers of neoplastic disease initiation and progression, but also markers of response to anticancer therapy. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified as biomarkers of drug resistance, and many have demonstrated the potential to sensitize cancer cells to therapy. Their properties of modulating the response of cells to therapy have made them a promising target for overcoming drug resistance. Several methods have been developed for the delivery of miRNAs to cancer cells, including introducing synthetic miRNA mimics, DNA plasmids containing miRNAs, and small molecules that epigenetically alter endogenous miRNA expression. The results of studies in animal models and preclinical studies for solid cancers and hematological malignancies have confirmed the effectiveness of treatment protocols using microRNA. Nevertheless, the use of miRNAs in anticancer therapy is not without limitations, including the development of a stable nanoconstruct, delivery method choices, and biodistribution. The aim of this review was to summarize the role of miRNAs in cancer treatment and to present new therapeutic concepts for these molecules. Supporting anticancer therapy with microRNA molecules has been verified in numerous clinical trials, which shows great potential in the treatment of cancer.
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Durmaz B, Bagca BG, Cogulu O, Susluer SY, Alpay A, Aksoylar S, Gunduz C. Antileukemic Effects of Anti-miR-146a, Anti-miR-155, Anti-miR-181a, and Prednisolone on Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3207328. [PMID: 34877353 PMCID: PMC8645370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3207328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone has been used frequently in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, to overcome the challenges of the treatment, the development of additional therapies is of great importance. Small, non-protein-coding RNAs, namely, microRNAs (miRNAs), are critical epigenetic regulators with physiological and pathological importance. This study is aimed at determining the effects of miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-181a inhibition with their corresponding anti-miRs on both leukemic and healthy cells, individually and with prednisolone. Leukemic (SUP-B15) and healthy B-lymphocyte (NCI-BL 2171) cell lines were used in this study. A total of 12 experimental groups included individual and combinational silenced ALL-associated miRNAs (hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-146a, and hsa-miR-181a) and their combination with prednisolone. Cytotoxicity, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis analyses were performed by using WST-1, trypan blue, APC-BrdU, Annexin V, and JC-1 methods in each study group, respectively. To control the effectiveness of anti-miR transfection and prednisolone application, miRNA expression analysis was performed from all groups. Anti-miR application was effective on the viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of leukemia cells, and this effect was increased with prednisolone administration. In addition, this activity was found to be very low on healthy cells. In conclusion, anti-miR applications may have the potential for clinical use of adjuvant to or as an alternative to conventional therapies for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Durmaz
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 09100 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cogulu
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Susluer
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Araz Alpay
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Aksoylar
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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11
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Anelli L, Zagaria A, Specchia G, Musto P, Albano F. Dysregulation of miRNA in Leukemia: Exploiting miRNA Expression Profiles as Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137156. [PMID: 34281210 PMCID: PMC8269043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have a crucial role in cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. miRNAs may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors; therefore, they prevent or promote tumorigenesis, and abnormal expression has been reported in many malignancies. The role of miRNA in leukemia pathogenesis is still emerging, but several studies have suggested using miRNA expression profiles as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy in leukemia. In this review, the role of miRNAs most frequently involved in leukemia pathogenesis is discussed, focusing on the class of circulating miRNAs, consisting of cell-free RNA molecules detected in several body fluids. Circulating miRNAs could represent new potential non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of leukemia that are easy to isolate and characterize. The dysregulation of some miRNAs involved in both myeloid and lymphoid leukemia, such as miR-155, miR-29, let-7, and miR-15a/miR-16-1 clusters is discussed, showing their possible employment as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Anelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39(0)-80-547-8031; Fax: +39-(0)80-559-3471
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12
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Fayed D, Donia T, El-Shanshory M, Ali EMM, Mohamed TM. Evaluation of MicroRNA92, MicroRNA638 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia of Egyptian Children. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1567-1572. [PMID: 34048187 PMCID: PMC8408408 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: miRNA considers a small non-coding RNA molecule that has tumor suppressor or oncogenic functions and regulates gene expression. miRNA may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). miRNA was evaluated in patients with ALL to correlate their importance in the clinical prediction and the response to chemotherapy. Subject and methods: The study population included 30 healthy control and 71 children with ALL is divided into 4 groups: healthy, newly diagnosed, remitted, and relapsed groups. We quantify miRNA 92a, miRNA 638 expression using real-time PCR in childhood ALL. Results: plasma miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 expressions were elevated in ALL cases at the time of diagnosis (2.51 and 2.19 folds), and relapsed (2.1 and 1.61 folds) than that of patients with remitted ALL. There was a positive correlation between miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 patients with ALL. Also, total leukocyte and blast correlated with miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 unlike hemoglobin, and platelets didn’t correlate with miRNA 92a and miRNA 638. The sensitivity of miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 were 41.5% and 54.7% respectively while the specificity was 100 % of miRNA 92a and miRNA 638. Conclusion: miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 are recommended to be used as potential predictive and follow-up markers in children with ALL remitted and relapsed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Fayed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Department of Pediatric, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Ikonomidou C. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Childhood Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030438. [PMID: 33498882 PMCID: PMC7866046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in childhood leukemias remains a major cause of treatment failures. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid constitutes the most important diagnostic pillar in the detection of CNS leukemia and relies primarily on cytological and flow-cytometry studies. With increasing survival rates, it has become clear that treatments for pediatric leukemias pose a toll on the developing brain, as they may cause acute toxicities and persistent neurocognitive deficits. Preclinical research has demonstrated that established and newer therapies can injure and even destroy neuronal and glial cells in the brain. Both passive and active cell death forms can result from DNA damage, oxidative stress, cytokine release, and acceleration of cell aging. In addition, chemotherapy agents may impair neurogenesis as well as the function, formation, and plasticity of synapses. Clinical studies show that neurocognitive toxicity of chemotherapy is greatest in younger children. This raises concerns that, in addition to injury, chemotherapy may also disrupt crucial developmental events resulting in impairment of the formation and efficiency of neuronal networks. This review presents an overview of studies demonstrating that cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers can be utilized in tracing both CNS disease and neurotoxicity of administered treatments in childhood leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Szwedowski D, Szczepanek J, Paczesny Ł, Pękała P, Zabrzyński J, Kruczyński J. Genetics in Cartilage Lesions: Basic Science and Therapy Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5430. [PMID: 32751537 PMCID: PMC7432875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions have a multifactorial nature, and genetic factors are their strongest determinants. As biochemical and genetic studies have dramatically progressed over the past decade, the molecular basis of cartilage pathologies has become clearer. Several homeostasis abnormalities within cartilaginous tissue have been found, including various structural changes, differential gene expression patterns, as well as altered epigenetic regulation. However, the efficient treatment of cartilage pathologies represents a substantial challenge. Understanding the complex genetic background pertaining to cartilage pathologies is useful primarily in the context of seeking new pathways leading to disease progression as well as in developing new targeted therapies. A technology utilizing gene transfer to deliver therapeutic genes to the site of injury is quickly becoming an emerging approach in cartilage renewal. The goal of this work is to provide an overview of the genetic basis of chondral lesions and the different approaches of the most recent systems exploiting therapeutic gene transfer in cartilage repair. The integration of tissue engineering with viral gene vectors is a novel and active area of research. However, despite promising preclinical data, this therapeutic concept needs to be supported by the growing body of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Szwedowski
- Orthopedic Arthroscopic Surgery International (O.A.S.I.) Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi N.P.O., 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Provincial Polyclinical Hospital, 87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paczesny
- Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, 87100 Torun, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Przemysław Pękała
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30705 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, 87100 Torun, Poland; (Ł.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jacek Kruczyński
- Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60512 Poznań, Poland;
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