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Chandekar KR, Satapathy S, Bal C. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Thyroid Cancer: An Updated Review. PET Clin 2024; 19:131-145. [PMID: 38212213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PET/computed tomography (CT) is a valuable hybrid imaging modality for the evaluation of thyroid cancer, potentially impacting management decisions. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has proven utility for recurrence evaluation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients having thyroglobulin elevation with negative iodine scintigraphy. Aggressive histologic subtypes such as anaplastic thyroid cancer shower higher FDG uptake. 18F-FDOPA is the preferred PET tracer for medullary thyroid cancer. Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor and arginylglycylaspartic acid -based radiotracers have emerged as promising PET agents for radioiodine refractory DTC patients with the potential for theranostic application.
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2
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Su JY, Huang T, Zhang JL, Lu JH, Wang ML, Yan J, Lin RB, Lin SY, Wang J. Leveraging molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors treat advanced thyroid carcinoma to achieve thyroid carcinoma redifferentiation. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:407-428. [PMID: 38455407 PMCID: PMC10915323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer can be classified into three different types based on the degree of differentiation: well-differentiated, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Well-differentiated thyroid cancer refers to cancer cells that closely resemble normal thyroid cells, while poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are characterized by cells that have lost their resemblance to normal thyroid cells. Advanced thyroid carcinoma, regardless of its degree of differentiation, is known to have a higher likelihood of disease progression and is generally associated with a poor prognosis. However, the process through which well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma transforms into anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, also known as "dedifferentiation", has been a subject of intensive research. In recent years, there have been significant breakthroughs in the treatment of refractory advanced thyroid cancer. Clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. These drugs work by targeting specific molecules or proteins in cancer cells to inhibit their growth or by enhancing the body's immune response against the cancer cells. This article aims to explore some of the possible mechanisms behind the dedifferentiation process in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. It also discusses the clinical effects of molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors in thyroid cancer patients with different degrees of differentiation. Furthermore, it offers insights into the future trends in the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer, highlighting the potential for improved outcomes and better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yang Su
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhang
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Hua Lu
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Lei Wang
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Yan
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Bin Lin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng-You Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Lang M, Longerich T, Anamaterou C. Targeted therapy with vemurafenib in BRAF(V600E)-mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:5. [PMID: 36855200 PMCID: PMC9976495 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, representing less than 5% of all thyroid carcinomas. Τhe median survival is limited to months due to the resistance of ATC to surgery, radioiodine therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review will cover novel agents involving several cellular signaling pathways including the BRAF pathway. The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib improves survival among patients with metastatic melanoma, hairy-cell leukemia and intracranial neoplasms with BRAF gene mutations. The frequency of a BRAF (V600E) mutation in ATC is about 25%. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of a marked partial response to adjuvant first line monotherapy with vemurafenib in BRAF V600E-mutated ATC. The 78-year-old man showed a sustained response for 7 months, thereafter scans revealed progressive disease and the patient died 10 months after first diagnosis. This case report is accompanied by a comprehensive review of current strategies and tools for ATC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This case and the review of current data confirm the benefit of BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated ATC, limited by acquired resistance to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lang
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Longerich
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Anamaterou
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Samimi H, Tavakoli R, Fallah P, Naderi Sohi A, Amini Shirkouhi M, Naderi M, Haghpanah V. BI-847325, a selective dual MEK and Aurora kinases inhibitor, reduces aggressive behavior of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma on an in vitro three-dimensional culture. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:388. [PMID: 36482411 PMCID: PMC9730667 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer. In this study, we used a three-dimensional in vitro system to evaluate the effect of a dual MEK/Aurora kinase inhibitor, BI-847325 anticancer drug, on several cellular and molecular processes involved in cancer progression. METHODS Human ATC cell lines, C643 and SW1736, were grown in alginate hydrogel and treated with IC50 values of BI-847325. The effect of BI-847325 on inhibition of kinases function of MEK1/2 and Aurora kinase B (AURKB) was evaluated via Western blot analysis of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Histone H3 levels. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroglobulin (Tg), as two thyroid-specific differentiation markers, were measured by qRT-PCR as well as flow cytometry and immunoradiometric assay. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and BIM, NFκB1, and NFκB2 expressions. Cell cycle distribution and proliferation were determined via P16, AURKA, and AURKB expressions as well as PI and CFSE flow cytometry assays. Multidrug resistance was evaluated by examining the expression of MDR1 and MRP1. Angiogenesis and invasion were investigated by VEGF expression and F-actin labeling with Alexa Fluor 549 Phalloidin. RESULTS Western blot results showed that BI-847325 inhibits MEK1/2 and AURKB functions by decreasing phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Histone H3 levels. BI-847325 induced thyroid differentiation markers and apoptosis in ATC cell lines. Inversely, BI-847325 intervention decreased multidrug resistance, cell cycle progression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion at the molecular and/or cellular levels. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that BI-857,325 might be an effective multi-targeted anticancer drug for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Samimi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Hepatitis and HIV Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Fallah
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Naderi Sohi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Amini Shirkouhi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Haddad RI, Bischoff L, Ball D, Bernet V, Blomain E, Busaidy NL, Campbell M, Dickson P, Duh QY, Ehya H, Goldner WS, Guo T, Haymart M, Holt S, Hunt JP, Iagaru A, Kandeel F, Lamonica DM, Mandel S, Markovina S, McIver B, Raeburn CD, Rezaee R, Ridge JA, Roth MY, Scheri RP, Shah JP, Sipos JA, Sippel R, Sturgeon C, Wang TN, Wirth LJ, Wong RJ, Yeh M, Cassara CJ, Darlow S. Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20:925-951. [PMID: 35948029 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas is associated with an excellent prognosis. The treatment of choice for differentiated thyroid carcinoma is surgery, followed by radioactive iodine ablation (iodine-131) in select patients and thyroxine therapy in most patients. Surgery is also the main treatment for medullary thyroid carcinoma, and kinase inhibitors may be appropriate for select patients with recurrent or persistent disease that is not resectable. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is almost uniformly lethal, and iodine-131 imaging and radioactive iodine cannot be used. When systemic therapy is indicated, targeted therapy options are preferred. This article describes NCCN recommendations regarding management of medullary thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, and surgical management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (papillary, follicular, Hürthle cell carcinoma).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Ball
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
| | | | | | | | | | - Paxton Dickson
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Quan-Yang Duh
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Shelby Holt
- UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jason P Hunt
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah
| | | | | | | | - Susan Mandel
- Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Markovina
- Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Rod Rezaee
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute
| | | | - Mara Y Roth
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance
| | | | | | - Jennifer A Sipos
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | | | - Cord Sturgeon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
| | | | | | | | - Michael Yeh
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; and
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6
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Bolin J. Thyroid Follicular Epithelial Cell-Derived Cancer: New Approaches and Treatment Strategies. J Nucl Med Technol 2021; 49:199-208. [PMID: 34244225 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.120.257105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid follicular epithelial cell-derived cancer includes papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, Hürthle cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Although the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over the past 30 years, there has not been a significant increase in patient mortality. Use of increasingly sensitive detection methods such as high-resolution imaging has enabled earlier detection and better characterization of the thyroid malignancies. In the past several years, researchers have evaluated genetic mutations promoting thyroid carcinogenesis and oncogenesis. The identification of genetic mutations is important in understanding tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, these identified mutations may also serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic indicators and therapeutic molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolin
- Nuclear Medicine Technology Program, GateWay Community College, Phoenix, Arizona
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7
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Ma W, Niu Y, Su J, Zhang L, Zhao P. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition alleviates resistance to BRAF inhibition in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:764-774. [PMID: 33245464 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare type of thyroid cancer (TC) with no effective therapeutic strategy. Although surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are all available for ATC treatment, the median survival for ATC patients is less than 6 months. In this study, we aimed to study on resistant mechanisms to B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitor and identify effective combinational therapy for ATC patients. TC cells were treated with Vemurafenib and cell apoptosis and viability were analyzed by flow cytometry and MTT assay. Monolayer and sphere cells were isolated from ATC cells to detect the mRNA level of stem cell markers and differentiation markers by RT-PCR. Phosphor-STAT3 level in sphere and monolayer cells was tested by Western blotting. The xenotransplantation animal model has established to analyze the anti-tumor effect of Vemurafenib and Stattic combinational therapy. Undifferentiated TC cells were resistant to Vemurafenib treatment. Sphere cells isolated from ATC showed no significant change in cell viability and apoptosis upon Vemurafenib treatment, and expressed a high level of stem cell marker and phosphor-STAT3. STAT3 inhibition enhanced the tumorigenic capacity and increased Vemurafenib sensitivity in ATC cell lines. Stattic significantly enhanced anti-tumor effect of Vemurafenib in mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that the combinational therapy of Vemurafenib and Stattic is an effective therapeutic treatment for ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Quyang People's Hospital, Taihang Road, Quyang County, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jingwei Su
- Quyang People's Hospital, Taihang Road, Quyang County, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Lingxiang Zhang
- Xingtai Ninth Hospital, No.163 Jiankang East Road, Julu County, Xingtai, 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Pengxin Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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8
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Thyroid Cancer Stem-Like Cells: From Microenvironmental Niches to Therapeutic Strategies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071455. [PMID: 33916320 PMCID: PMC8037626 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Recent progress in thyroid cancer biology revealed a certain degree of intratumoral heterogeneity, highlighting the coexistence of cellular subpopulations with distinct proliferative capacities and differentiation abilities. Among those subpopulations, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to drive TC heterogeneity, contributing to its metastatic potential and therapy resistance. CSCs principally exist in tumor areas with specific microenvironmental conditions, the so-called stem cell niches. In particular, in thyroid cancer, CSCs' survival is enhanced in the hypoxic niche, the immune niche, and some areas with specific extracellular matrix composition. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about thyroid CSCs, the tumoral niches that allow their survival, and the implications for TC therapy.
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9
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Lovison D, Allegri L, Baldan F, Ballico M, Damante G, Jandl C, Baratta W. Cationic carboxylate and thioacetate ruthenium(ii) complexes: synthesis and cytotoxic activity against anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:8375-8388. [PMID: 32520028 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cationic acetate ruthenium complex [Ru(η1-OAc)(CO)(dppb)(phen)]OAc (1) is easily prepared in 83% yield from [Ru(η1-OAc)(η2-OAc)(CO)(dppb)] (dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in MeOH. The derivative 1 undergoes easy substitution of the coordinated acetate by reaction with NaOPiv, KSAc, and KSCN in MeOH, affording the corresponding complexes [RuX(CO)(dppb)(phen)]X (X = OPiv, 2; SAc, 3; and NCS, 4), whereas its reaction with NaCl and NH4PF6 affords [RuCl(CO)(dppb)(phen)]PF6 (5). Carboxylate complexes 1 and 2 show high solubility in water, enabling easy exchange of the coordinated carboxylate by water and other ligands (CH3CN, glutathione). Cationic complexes 1-5, compared to Cisplatin, display a strong cell viability decrease in two human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines (SW1736 and 8505C), ranging from 3.10 μM to 0.09 μM EC50 values. The most active compounds 1-3 show a marked increment of apoptosis and decrease of cancer cell aggressiveness, making them promising candidates for further evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lovison
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
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10
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Uncommon Site of Metastasis and Prolonged Survival in Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092585. [PMID: 32927794 PMCID: PMC7564634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The therapeutic strategies employed for anaplastic thyroid cancer patients seems to be insufficient to prolong their survival, but some characteristics could predict a good prognosis, so that, starting from our experience we offer a systematic review of the literature to better understand anaplastic thyroid cancers behavior and their prognostic factors, in order to recognize and select the patients with the higher probability of better outcome even if metastatic. Moreover, we described an uncommon site of metastasis in order to improve scientific knowledge about this rare and highly aggressive pathology. Abstract Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a very rare, highly aggressive malignant thyroid tumor with an overall survival from 3 to 5 months in most of the cases. Even the modern and intensive treatments seem not to be enough to provide a cure, also for the resectable ones, and the role of chemotherapy is still unclear but does not seem to prolong survival. Nevertheless, some patients survive longer and have a better outcome, even in the presence of metastasis, than what the literature reports. We present the case of a 64-year-old female affected by ATC, treated on February 2018 with surgery followed by chemoradiation. One year after surgery, the patient developed a subcutaneous recurrence that was radically resected and is still alive 29 months after the diagnosis. We propose a systematic review of the literature to deepen the knowledge of the prognostic factors of ATC with the aim to recognize and select the patients with a better outcome, even if metastatic, and to describe a very uncommon site of metastatization.
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11
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Lin Y, Jiang J. Long non-coding RNA LINC00704 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma via miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:561-571. [PMID: 33817244 PMCID: PMC7874538 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common malignancy worldwide. LncRNA LINC00704 (mitotically associated long non-coding RNA) was reported as a crucial regulator in PTC. However, the biological mechanism of LINC00704 action remains unclear in PTC. The mRNA levels of LINC00704, miR-204-5p, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. HMGB1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cyclin D1 protein levels were detected using the Western blot assay. The binding relationship between miR-204-5p and LINC00704 or HMGB1 was predicted by LncBase Predicted v.2 or TargetScan, respectively, and then validated by dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability, cell cycle, cell migration and invasion, and migration ratio were assessed by MTT, flow cytometry, transwell cell migration and invasion, and wound-healing assays, respectively. Results suggested that LINC00704 and HMGB1 were elevated and miR-204-5p decreased in PTC tissues and cells. Furthermore, rescue experiments demonstrated that the miR-204-5p inhibitor alleviated the inhibitory effects of LINC00704 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. Meanwhile, miR-204-5p overexpression repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HMGB1. Mechanical analysis discovered that LINC00704 could act as an miR-204-5p sponge to modulate HMGB1 expression. In conclusion, LINC00704 promoted PTC cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion by the miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis, providing a novel therapeutic target for PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Chongfu Building D-202, Dongjie, Quanzhou City 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jianjia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Chongfu Building D-202, Dongjie, Quanzhou City 362000, Fujian, China
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12
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Hegedűs L, Rittler D, Garay T, Stockhammer P, Kovács I, Döme B, Theurer S, Hager T, Herold T, Kalbourtzis S, Bankfalvi A, Schmid KW, Führer D, Aigner C, Hegedűs B. HDAC Inhibition Induces PD-L1 Expression in a Novel Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Line. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2523-2535. [PMID: 32591993 PMCID: PMC7471186 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has largely favorable prognosis, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but extremely aggressive malignancy with grim clinical outcome. Even though new therapeutic options are emerging for ATC, additional preclinical models and novel combinations are needed for specific subsets of patients. We established a novel cell line (PF49) from the malignant pleural effusion of a 68-year-old male patient with ATC that rapidly transformed from a BRAF and TERT promoter mutant PTC. PF49 cells demonstrated a robust migratory activity in vitro and strong invasive capacity in vivo in a pleural carcinosis model. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition decreased the proliferation and migration of PF49 cells, however could not induce cell death. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor treatment with SAHA or valproic acid induced cell cycle arrest and strongly increased PD-L1 expression of the tumor cells. Induction of PD-L1 expression was also present when paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapeutic treatment was combined with HDAC inhibitor treatment. Increased PD-L1 expression after HDAC inhibition was recapitulated in an international ATC cell model. Our data suggest that HDAC inhibition alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy may potentiate anaplastic thyroid cancer cells for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hegedűs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominika Rittler
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garay
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Stockhammer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildikó Kovács
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stavros Kalbourtzis
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Balázs Hegedűs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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13
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The Impact of Transcription Factor Prospero Homeobox 1 on the Regulation of Thyroid Cancer Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093220. [PMID: 32370142 PMCID: PMC7247360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) is continuously expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cells, playing an essential role in their differentiation. Many reports have shown that PROX1 is implicated in cancer development and acts as an oncoprotein or suppressor in a tissue-dependent manner. Additionally, the PROX1 expression in many types of tumors has prognostic significance and is associated with patient outcomes. In our previous experimental studies, we showed that PROX1 is present in the thyroid cancer (THC) cells of different origins and has a high impact on follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) phenotypes, regulating migration, invasion, focal adhesion, cytoskeleton reorganization, and angiogenesis. Herein, we discuss the PROX1 transcript and protein structures, the expression pattern of PROX1 in THC specimens, and its epigenetic regulation. Next, we emphasize the biological processes and genes regulated by PROX1 in CGTH-W-1 cells, derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Finally, we discuss the interaction of PROX1 with other lymphatic factors. In our review, we aimed to highlight the importance of vascular molecules in cancer development and provide an update on the functionality of PROX1 in THC biology regulation.
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Laetitia G, Sven S, Fabrice J. Combinatorial Therapies in Thyroid Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Progresses. Cells 2020; 9:E830. [PMID: 32235612 PMCID: PMC7226736 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accounting for about 2% of cancers diagnosed worldwide, thyroid cancer has caused about 41,000 deaths in 2018. Despite significant progresses made in recent decades in the treatment of thyroid cancer, many resistances to current monotherapies are observed. In our complete review, we report all treatments that were tested in combination against thyroid cancer. Many preclinical studies investigating the effects of inhibitors of the MAPK and PI3K pathways highlighted the importance of mutations in such signaling pathways and their impacts on the subsequent efficacy of targeted therapies, thus reinforcing the need of more personalized therapeutic strategies. Our review also points out the multiple possibilities of combinatory strategies, particularly using therapies targeting proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and in combination with conventional treatments such as chemotherapies. In any case, resistances to anticancer therapies always develop through the activation of alternative signaling pathways. Combinatory treatments aim to blockade such mechanisms, which are gradually decrypted, thus offering new perspectives for the future. The preclinical and clinical aspects of our review allow us to have a global opinion of the different therapeutic options currently evaluated in combination and to be aware about new perspectives of treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheysen Laetitia
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mons University, Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.S.); (J.F.)
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Ma L, Fei H. Antimalarial drug artesunate is effective against chemoresistant anaplastic thyroid carcinoma via targeting mitochondrial metabolism. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:123-130. [PMID: 32036542 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid malignancies and resistant to chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic strategy is required for better management of ATC. In this work, we show that artesunate, an antimalarial drug, is active against chemoresistant ATC cells. Artesunate dose-dependently inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in chemo-sensitive (8505C and KAT-4) and -resistant (8505C-r and KAT-4-r) ATC cells, and acts synergistically with doxorubicin. Using multiple xenograft mouse models, artesunate is active against chemo-sensitive and -resistant ATC cells in vivo at doses that do not cause toxicity in mice. Our mechanism analysis reveals that artesunate acts on ATC cells through suppressing mitochondrial functions without affecting glycolysis, leading to oxidative stress and damage, regardless of whether they are sensitive or resistant to chemotherapy. Interestingly, KAT-4-r cells demonstrate decreased glycolysis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration compared to KAT-4 cells whereas such phenomenon is not observed between 8505C and 8505C-r cells. This suggests that some but not all ATC cells gain enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis after prolonged exposure to chemotherapy drug, which may explain the different sensitivities of 8505C-r and KAT-4-r to artesunate. Our work demonstrates that artesunate is a potential addition to the treatment armamentarium for ATC, particularly those with chemoresistance. Our findings also highlight the therapeutic value of targeting mitochondria in chemoresistant ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, First Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, China
| | - Honghua Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, No.126, Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China.
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Seyed Abutorabi E, Irani S, Yaghmaie M, Ghaffari SH. Abemaciclib (CDK4/6 Inhibitor) Blockade Induces Cytotoxicity in Human Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 8:438-445. [PMID: 32582803 PMCID: PMC7275834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancies globally. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for 1-3% of all Thyroid cancer. The evidence showed that ATC is a highly invasive solid tumor with poor prognosis. Despite conventional chemotherapy treatments, a considerable number of patients show developing resistance to therapeutic agents and tumor relapse. The aim of this study was the investigation anti-tumor effect of Abemaciclib (novel targeted cancer therapy drug) on Anaplastic Thyroid carcinoma SW1736 and C643 cell lines. METHODS SW1736 and C643 cell lines were treated by desire concentrations of Abemaciclib (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μM) and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Also, Anoikis resistance assay was conducted for non-adherent the cells in the exposure of Abemaciclib. The gene expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was conducted by quantitative Real-time PCR. RESULTS Abemaciclib at the concentration of 10 and 20 μM effectively reduced cell proliferation and growth of the ATC cells compared to the control (p=0.000). Furthermore, we showed that 10 and 20 μM doses of the Abemaciclib inhibited the non-adherent ATC cells which were resistant to Anoikis death significantly (p=0.001). Moreover, we demonstrated this targeted therapy significantly reduced anti-apoptotic gene expression levels (BCL2 and CMYC) (p<0.05) and increased apoptotic gene expressions such as P21 and BAX (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggested that Abemaciclib can be utilized as a novel therapeutic agent in ATC cancer. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations are needed to evaluate molecular and clinical mechanisms of Abemaciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Seyed Abutorabi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hamid Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Thyroid nodules are very common, and their frequency is four to five times higher in women than in men. Most of them are benign, with only a very little percentage revealing a malignant neoplasm. About 50% of thyroid nodules are detected by self-palpation of neck, whereas the other 50% are diagnosed by neck ultrasonography and following fine-needle aspiration. Management of thyroid nodules is very difficult, because benign nodules are prevalent, whereas thyroid carcinoma is uncommon, representing only 1% of all malignancies. A standard diagnostic approach is represented by 'first-level' exams, consisting in neck ultrasonography and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement, followed, only for nodules that are suspicious of malignancy, by 'second-level' exams, consisting of fine-needle aspiration and mutational test, which does detect particular DNA mutations present only in malignant cells. In this review, we will analyze the genetics of thyroid cancer and its heterogeneity, and we will briefly describe the current available diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Yu Q, Jiang W, Li D, Gu M, Liu K, Dong L, Wang C, Jiang H, Dai W. Sodium orthovanadate inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4255-4262. [PMID: 30944619 PMCID: PMC6444324 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanadium and its compounds exhibit concentration- and time-dependent anticancer effects on various types of tumor; however, the effects of sodium orthovanadate (SOV) on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) have not yet been reported. In the present study, the anticancer effects of SOV on ATC were evaluated. In vitro experiments, including cell viability assays, plate colony formation assays, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis analysis were used to study the role of SOV in ATC. Using in vivo experiments, the effects of SOV on the growth and apoptosis of an ATC-xenograft tumor were studied by comparing the SOV-treatment with the control group. The results revealed that treatment of the human ATC cell line 8505C with SOV inhibited cell viability, induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, stimulated apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings were confirmed in vivo in a nude mouse ATC xenograft model. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SOV inhibited human ATC by regulating proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, thus suggesting that SOV may be considered a novel option for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Mingqi Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Kunpeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Liqian Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Lopes-Ventura S, Pojo M, Matias AT, Moura MM, Marques IJ, Leite V, Cavaco BM. The efficacy of HRAS and CDK4/6 inhibitors in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:527-540. [PMID: 30191474 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) are non-responsive to multimodal therapy, representing one of the major challenges in thyroid cancer. Previously, our group has shown that genes involved in cell cycle are deregulated in ATCs, and the most common mutations in these tumours occurred in cell proliferation and cell cycle related genes, namely TP53, RAS, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, making these genes potential targets for ATCs treatment. Here, we investigated the inhibition of HRAS by tipifarnib (TIP) and cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) by palbociclib (PD), in ATC cells. METHODS ATC cell lines, mutated or wild type for HRAS, CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes, were used and the cytotoxic effects of PD and TIP in each cell line were evaluated. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined for these drugs and its effects on cell cycle, cell death and cell proliferation were subsequently analysed. RESULTS Cell culture studies demonstrated that 0.1 µM TIP induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (50%, p < 0.01), cell death, and inhibition of cell viability (p < 0.001), only in the HRAS mutated cell line. PD lowest concentration (0.1 µM) increased significantly cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase (80%, p < 0.05), but only in ATC cell lines with alterations in CDKN2A/CDKN2B genes; additionally, 0.5 µM PD induced cell death. The inhibition of cell viability by PD was more pronounced in cells with alterations in CDKN2A/CDKN2B genes (p < 0.05) and/or cyclin D1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TIP and PD, which are currently in clinical trials for other types of cancer, may play a relevant role in ATC treatment, depending on the specific tumour molecular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lopes-Ventura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A T Matias
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M M Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I J Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Rua Câmara Pestana nº 6, 6-A, Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Leite
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B M Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Sharma SC, Sakthivel P, Raveendran S, Singh CA, Nakra T, Agarwal S. Anaplastic Carcinoma Thyroid in a Young Child – an Extremely Rare Occurrence. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2019; 61:150-152. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), one of the most aggressive malignancies, is extremely rare in childhood. We present a case of 5-yearold child who presented with rapidly progressing thyroid swelling and stridor, for which she underwent emergency tracheostomy and biopsy. Histopathological features were suggestive of ATC and the patient died within two months after diagnosis. ATC, though very rare in childhood, should be kept in the differential diagnoses of rapidly enlarging neck masses in children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest case of ATC reported in literature.
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Pradhan R, Agarwal A, Lal P, Kumari N, Jain M, Chand G, Mishra A, Agarwal G, Verma AK, Mishra SK. Clinico-Pathological Profile of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma in an Endemic Goiter Area. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:793-797. [PMID: 30766820 PMCID: PMC6330874 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_264_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) usually present in the sixth to seventh decades of life and little is known about the disease in young patients. The aim was to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics diagnosed with ATC in an iodine-deficient area. MATERIAL AND METHODS The medical records of 100 patients diagnosed with ATC at a tertiary care hospital between 1991 and 2013 were reviewed. RESULTS The mean age of patient was 58 years. About 34 patients were ≤50 years. The common presentation was that of a rapidly growing fixed and hard mass (64%). Due to rapid expansion, 27% patients experienced severe pain. About one-third presented as sudden enlargement of pre-existing goiter over few weeks. The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 3 months. About 41% presented with lymph node enlargement and 31% with distant metastasis. The diagnosis was established with fine-needle aspiration or core biopsy. Histopathology was available in 32 patients and showed four major patterns: spindle cell (9), giant cell (7), epithelioid (5), squamoid (1), mixed type in 10 patients. Eight patients presenting with stridor required emergency tracheostomy for airway control. Total thyroidectomy with or without lymph node dissection was possible in 21 patients. Patients received radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Median overall survival was 3 months. Overall survival was significantly better in patients receiving some form of treatment. CONCLUSION ATC in endemic goiter areas presents at an earlier age. One-third of ATC is due to anaplastic transformation of pre-existing goiter and majority of the patients refuse treatment due to dismal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Pradhan
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Punita Lal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumari
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Jain
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyan Chand
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok K. Verma
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saroj K. Mishra
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Apatinib-induced protective autophagy and apoptosis through the AKT-mTOR pathway in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30301881 PMCID: PMC6177436 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apatinib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, has been shown to promote anti-cancer action across a wide range of malignancies, including gastric, lung, and breast cancers. Our previous study showed that apatinib increases apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), but the direct functional mechanism of tumor lethality mediated by apatinib is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that apatinib induced both autophagy and apoptosis in human ATC cells through downregulation of p-AKT and p-mTOR signals via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, inhibition of apatinib-induced autophagy increased apatinib-induced apoptosis in ATC cells, and additional tumor suppression was critically produced by the combination of apatinib and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in vivo and in vitro. These findings showed that both autophagy and AKT/mTOR signals were engaged in ATC cell death evoked by apatinib. ATC patients might benefit from the new anti-cancer drug, and molecular targeted treatment in combination with autophagy inhibitors shows promise as a treatment improvement.
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Abstract
This article reviews the small percentage of thyroid tumours that are not classified as classic papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It includes subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma, including, tall-cell, hobnail/micropapillary, columnar cell, diffuse sclerosing and solid variants. Poorly differentiated carcinoma, high-grade carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are reviewed. Also discussed are entities that are unusual but need to be recognized as primary thyroid neoplasms, i.e. mucoepidermoid carcinoma, sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia, and mammary analogue secretory carcinoma/secretory carcinoma. The pathological features and prognostic factors are described; a brief review of molecular correlates of these neoplasms is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair W Baloch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia A LiVolsi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Resveratrol Suppresses the Growth and Enhances Retinoic Acid Sensitivity of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041030. [PMID: 29596381 PMCID: PMC5979404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly lethal undifferentiated malignancy without reliable therapies. Retinoic acid (RA) has been employed to promote redifferentiation of thyroid cancers by increasing their I131 uptake and radio-sensitivity, but its effect(s) on ATCs has not yet been ascertained. Likewise, resveratrol induces cancer redifferentiation but, also in this case, its effects on ATCs remain unknown. These issues have been addresses in the current study using three human ATC cell lines (THJ-11T, THJ-16T, and THJ-21T) through multiple experimental approaches. The results reveal that RA exerts a small inhibitory effect on these cell lines. In comparison with normally cultured cells, the total cell number in resveratrol-treated THJ-16T and THJ-21T cultures significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and this effect was accompanied by reduced Cyclin D1 immuno-labeling, increased apoptotic fractions, and distinct caspase-3 activation. Resveratrol failed to inhibit growth but enhanced RA sensitivity of THJ-11T cells, suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPAR-β/δ), and upregulated cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) and retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-β) expression. Increased thyroglobulin (Tg) and E-cadherin levels and appearance of membranous E-cadherin were evidenced in resveratrol-treated THJ-11T cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time: (1) the therapeutic value of resveratrol by itself or in combination with RA in the management of ATCs, (2) the capacity of resveratrol to overcome RA resistance in ATC cells by reprogramming CRABP2/RAR- and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5)/PPAR-β/δ-mediated RA signaling, and (3) the redifferentiating potential of resveratrol in ATC cells.
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Liu J, Feng L, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li S, Qin L, Yang Z, Xiong J. Effects of miR-144 on the sensitivity of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells to cisplatin by autophagy regulation. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:484-496. [PMID: 29504819 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1433502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the influence of miR-144 on the cisplatin-sensitivity of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells and explored the internal molecular mechanism of miR-144. METHODS Thyroid cancer cells ARO, TPC1 and normal thyroid cells HT-ori3 were used in this research. Expressions of miR-144 and TGF-α were uncovered by western blot and qRT-PCR. Expressions of autophagy-related protein LC3 II and apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3 and PARP were explored by western blot and immunofluorescence. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay and apoptosis condition was revealed by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL staining. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the target relationship. Tissue sections were detected by IHC. Xenograft assay was conducted to further verify conclusions in vivo. RESULTS MiR-144, which was low expressed in ATC cells and tissues, could inhibit autophagy activation induced by cisplatin, enhancing the sensitivity of ATC cells to cisplatin, and promoting cell apoptosis. TGF-α was the target of miR-144 and was negatively regulated by it. MiR-144 could improve the sensitivity of ATC cells to cisplatin and inhibit tumor growth by suppressing TGF-α both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION MiR-144 could inhibit autophagy of ATC cells by down-regulating TGF-α, enhancing the cisplatin-sensitivity of ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Liguo Feng
- b Department of General Surgery , Taiyuan Municipal No.2 People's Hospital , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Jin Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Shujing Li
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Long Qin
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Ziyao Yang
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Jianxia Xiong
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
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Combined MEK and Pi3'-kinase inhibition reveals synergy in targeting thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24604-24620. [PMID: 28445948 PMCID: PMC5421873 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancers and radioiodine resistant thyroid cancer are posing a major treat since surgery combined with Iodine131 therapy is ineffective on them. Small-molecule inhibitors are presenting a new hope for patients, but often lead to drug resistance in many cancers. Based on the major mutations found in thyroid cancer, we propose the combination of a MEK inhibitor and a Pi3′-kinase inhibitor in pre-clinical models. We used human thyroid cancer cell lines and genetically engineered double mutant BRAFV600E PIK3CAH1047R mice to evaluate the effect of both inhibitors separately or in combination in terms of proliferation and signaling in vitro; tumor burden, histology, cell death induction and tumor markers expression in vivo. The combination of MEK and Pi’3-kinase inhibition shows a synergistic effect in term of proliferation and apoptosis induction through Survivin down-regulation in vitro. We show for the first time the effects of the combination of a MEK inhibitor and Pi3′-kinase inhibitor in a genetically engineered mouse model of aggressively lethal thyroid cancer. In fine, the two drugs cooperate to promote tumor shrinkage by inducing a proliferation arrest and an elevation of apoptosis in vivo. Moreover, a phenotypic reversion is also observed with a partial restoration of normal thyroid marker transcription, and thyroid cancer marker expression reduction. In conclusion, combination therapy of MEK and Pi3′-kinase inhibition synergizes to target double mutant thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. This multidrug approach could readily be translated into clinical practice and bring new perspectives for the treatment of incurable thyroid carcinoma.
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Ma L, Cheng Q. Inhibiting 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase reverses doxorubicin resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer via inhibiting NADPH-dependent metabolic reprogramming. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [PMID: 29534964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid malignancies and resistant to chemotherapy. Little is known on the underlying mechanisms of ATC resistance to chemotherapy. In our work, we identified that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is critically involved in the development of ATC resistance to doxorubicin. We found that 6PGD mRNA, protein and enzyme activity levels are significantly upregulated in ATC cells during the prolonged exposure to doxorubicin in a time-dependent manner. 6PGD inhibition by genetic and pharmacological approaches significantly inhibits growth and survival of ATC cells that are highly resistant to doxorubicin. Consistently, 6PGD inhibition also sensitizes ATC cells to doxorubicin treatment. Of note, we observed the decreased level of NADPH, NADH and enzymatic activity of sirtuin-1 in response to 6PGD inhibition in doxorubicin-resistant ATC cells. Lactate level was also reduced by 6PGD inhibition. All these indicate that 6PGD inhibition disrupts metabolic reprogramming in doxorubicin-resistant ATC cells. Our work demonstrates 6PGD activation-mediated resistance in response to doxorubicin and provides an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to chemotherapy for ATC treatment. Our findings also highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming in ATC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, First Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Qiao Cheng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Faugeras L, Pirson AS, Donckier J, Michel L, Lemaire J, Vandervorst S, D'Hondt L. Refractory thyroid carcinoma: which systemic treatment to use? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758834017752853. [PMID: 29399055 PMCID: PMC5788129 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017752853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased markedly in recent decades, but has been stable in terms of mortality rates. For the most part, these cancers are treated with surgery, which may or may not be followed by radioactive iodine depending on the tumor subtype. Still, many of these cancers will recur and may be treated with radioactive iodine or another surgery. It is unclear what treatment is best for cases of locally advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer that are refractory to radioactive iodine. Chemotherapy has a very low response rate. However, in the past few years, several systemic therapies, primarily targeted, have emerged to improve the overall survival of these patients. Alternative treatments are also of interest, namely peptide receptor radionuclide therapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Faugeras
- Oncology Department, CHU UCL Namur, 1 rue Therasse, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luc Michel
- Department of General Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Julien Lemaire
- Department of General Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
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30
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PIK3CA H1047R-induced paradoxical ERK activation results in resistance to BRAF V600E specific inhibitors in BRAF V600E PIK3CA H1047R double mutant thyroid tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103207-103222. [PMID: 29262556 PMCID: PMC5732722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinomas are the most prevalent endocrine cancers. The BRAFV600E mutation is found in 40% of the papillary type and 25% of the anaplastic type. BRAFV600E inhibitors have shown great success in melanoma but, they have been, to date, less successful in thyroid cancer. About 50% of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas present mutations/amplification of the phosphatidylinositol 3’ kinase. Here we propose to investigate if the hyper activation of that pathway could influence the response to BRAFV600E specific inhibitors. To test this, we used two mouse models of thyroid cancer. Single mutant (BRAFV600E) mice responded to BRAFV600E-specific inhibition (PLX-4720), while double mutant mice (BRAFV600E; PIK3CAH1047R) showed resistance and even signs of aggravation. This resistance was abrogated by combination with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. At the molecular level, we showed that this resistance was concomitant to a paradoxical activation of the MAP-Kinase pathway, which could be overturned by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition in vivo in our mouse model and in vitro in human double mutant cell lines. In conclusion, we reveal a phosphoinositide 3-kinase driven, paradoxical MAP-Kinase pathway activation as mechanism for resistance to BRAFV600E specific inhibitors in a clinically relevant mouse model of thyroid cancer.
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Gastrointestinal perforation related to lenvatinib, an anti-angiogenic inhibitor that targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, in a patient with metastatic thyroid cancer. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:350-353. [PMID: 29018997 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lenvatinib, a novel potent multikinase inhibitor, was approved for the treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer based on results from phase III trial (SELECT study). Thyroid cancer is a diverse disease that includes anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), which the most aggressive form of the disease, although it accounts for <2% of all thyroid cancers. Current treatments for ATC have limited efficacy. We report the case of a woman with recurrent well-differentiated papillary carcinoma of the thyroid that had transformed into ATC who developed a perforation of the small intestine secondary to a marked effect of lenvatinib. She received lenvatinib (24 mg once a day) at only two doses during two weeks due to pleurodesis with talc for malignant pleural effusion. Eventually, she developed peritonitis due to the perforation and died of sepsis. However, an autopsy revealed marked efficacy of lenvatinib for ATC at a metastatic site in the small intestine despite limited exposure to the drug. Here, we report on our experience with lenvatinib treatment and gastrointestinal perforation concerning anti-angiogenic therapy.
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32
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Garg M, Kanojia D, Mayakonda A, Ganesan TS, Sadhanandhan B, Suresh S, S S, Nagare RP, Said JW, Doan NB, Ding LW, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Koeffler HP. Selinexor (KPT-330) has antitumor activity against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in vitro and in vivo and enhances sensitivity to doxorubicin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9749. [PMID: 28852098 PMCID: PMC5575339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal malignancies having no effective treatment. Exportin-1 (XPO1) is the key mediator of nuclear export of many tumor suppressor proteins and is overexpressed in human cancers. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of selinexor (XPO1 inhibitor) against human ATC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we showed that XPO1 is robustly expressed in primary ATC samples and human ATC cell lines. Silencing of XPO1 by either shRNA or selinexor significantly reduced cellular growth and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis of ATC cells by altering the protein expression of cancer-related genes. Moreover, selinexor significantly inhibited tumor growth of ATC xenografts. Microarray analysis showed enrichment of DNA replication, cell cycle, cell cycle checkpoint and TNF pathways in selinexor treated ATC cells. Importantly, selinexor decreased AXL and GAS6 levels in CAL62 and HTH83 cells and suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream targets of AXL signaling such as AKT and P70S6K. Finally, a combination of selinexor with doxorubicin demonstrated a synergistic decrease in the cellular proliferation of several ATC cells. These results provide a rationale for investigating the efficacy of combining selinexor and doxorubicin therapy to improve the outcome of ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India.
| | - Deepika Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Bindhya Sadhanandhan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Sidhanth Suresh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Sneha S
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Rohit P Nagare
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Jonathan W Said
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ngan B Doan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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33
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Antiviral Drug Ribavirin Targets Thyroid Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the eIF4E-β-Catenin Axis. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:182-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Combined MEK and Pi3'-kinase inhibition reveals synergy in targeting thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 28445948 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15599.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancers and radioiodine resistant thyroid cancer are posing a major treat since surgery combined with Iodine131 therapy is ineffective on them. Small-molecule inhibitors are presenting a new hope for patients, but often lead to drug resistance in many cancers. Based on the major mutations found in thyroid cancer, we propose the combination of a MEK inhibitor and a Pi3'-kinase inhibitor in pre-clinical models. We used human thyroid cancer cell lines and genetically engineered double mutant BRAFV600E PIK3CAH1047R mice to evaluate the effect of both inhibitors separately or in combination in terms of proliferation and signaling in vitro; tumor burden, histology, cell death induction and tumor markers expression in vivo. The combination of MEK and Pi'3-kinase inhibition shows a synergistic effect in term of proliferation and apoptosis induction through Survivin down-regulation in vitro. We show for the first time the effects of the combination of a MEK inhibitor and Pi3'-kinase inhibitor in a genetically engineered mouse model of aggressively lethal thyroid cancer. In fine, the two drugs cooperate to promote tumor shrinkage by inducing a proliferation arrest and an elevation of apoptosis in vivo. Moreover, a phenotypic reversion is also observed with a partial restoration of normal thyroid marker transcription, and thyroid cancer marker expression reduction.In conclusion, combination therapy of MEK and Pi3'-kinase inhibition synergizes to target double mutant thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. This multidrug approach could readily be translated into clinical practice and bring new perspectives for the treatment of incurable thyroid carcinoma.
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35
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Tahara M, Kiyota N, Yamazaki T, Chayahara N, Nakano K, Inagaki L, Toda K, Enokida T, Minami H, Imamura Y, Sasaki T, Suzuki T, Fujino K, Dutcus CE, Takahashi S. Lenvatinib for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:25. [PMID: 28299283 PMCID: PMC5331066 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib has been approved by regulatory agencies in Japan, the United States, and the European Union for treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). Thyroid cancer, however, is a clinically diverse disease that includes anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), the subtype associated with the highest lethality. Effective therapy for ATC is an unmet need. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase 2, single-arm, open-label study in patients with thyroid cancer, including ATC, RR-DTC, and medullary thyroid cancer was conducted from 3 September 2012 to 9 July 2015. Patients received lenvatinib 24 mg daily until disease progression or development of unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoint was efficacy, as assessed by progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate. RESULTS At data cutoff, 17 patients with ATC were enrolled. All experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). The most frequent TEAEs were decreased appetite (82%), hypertension (82%), fatigue (59%), nausea (59%), and proteinuria (59%). Of note, only one patient required lenvatinib withdrawal because of a TEAE, and this TEAE was considered unrelated to lenvatinib. The median PFS was 7.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-12.9], the median OS was 10.6 months (95% CI: 3.8-19.8), and the objective response rate was 24%. CONCLUSION In this study, lenvatinib demonstrated manageable toxicities with dose adjustments and clinical activity in patients with ATC. This clinical activity of lenvatinib warrants further investigation in ATC. CLINICALTRIALSGOV NCT01728623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , Kashiwa , Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , Kashiwa , Japan
| | - Naoko Chayahara
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | - Kenji Nakano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Lina Inagaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Toda
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Enokida
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East , Kashiwa , Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital , Kobe , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research , Tokyo , Japan
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36
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Hu K, Zhang J, Yu M, Xiong C. Inhibition of Mnk–eIF4E pathway sensitizes the efficacy to chemotherapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Future Oncol 2017; 13:489-498. [PMID: 27785922 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated whether MAPK-interacting kinase (Mnk) inhibition sensitizes anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cellular response to chemotherapy. Materials & methods: In vitro and in vivo methods were used to examine the combinatory effects of cisplatin with Mnk inhibition and its underlying mechanism. Results: Mnk inhibition by pharmacological or genetic approaches inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of ATC cells and enhances the effects of cisplatin in in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, cisplatin increases eIF4E phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in ATC cells. Mnk inhibitors sensitize the efficacy of cisplatin by inhibiting cisplatin-induced eIF4E phosphorylation. Conclusion: Targeting Mnk–eIF4E pathway provides a therapeutic strategy by sensitizing ATC response to chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hu
- Thyroid Surgery Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- Galactophore Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang'e Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, People's Republic of China
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Riaz S, Bashir H, Hassan A, Mushtaq S, Jamshed A, Murtaza A. Aggressive Disease Course of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Focal Undifferentiated Component: A Case Report. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2016; 25:134-139. [PMID: 27751976 PMCID: PMC5100085 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.38358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with focal undifferentiated component in a 32-year-old female. She had limited disease confined within the thyroid gland at diagnosis. Within 12 months of thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation, thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were elevated. Second radioiodine ablative dose was given, however, stimulated Tg levels showed an upward trend with negative iodine scan within 12 months. An 18F fludeoxyglucose-avid solitary pulmonary nodule that was detected on positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan was resected followed by empiric radioiodine therapy. Within the next 10 months she developed multifocal bone metastases. The multifocal disease was rendered inoperable and treated with external beam radiation. The patient is on follow-up, and the Tg level continues to rise with local disease progression. In a small percentage of patients, PTC behaves as a very aggressive disease despite treatment. Focally undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma is an expression of the extreme end of the spectrum of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Riaz
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Lahore, Pakistan, Phone: +92 346 5938557 E-mail:
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38
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Vicari L, Colarossi C, Giuffrida D, De Maria R, Memeo L. Cancer stem cells as a potential therapeutic target in thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2254-2260. [PMID: 27698787 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have indicated that tumor growth and proliferation is dependent on a small subset of cells, defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have the capability to self-renew, and are involved with cancer propagation, relapse and metastatic dissemination. CSCs have been isolated from numerous tissues, including normal and cancerous thyroid tissue. A regulatory network of signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) control the properties of CSCs. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of endocrine cancer, with an increasing incidence. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is the most rare type of endocrine cancer; however, it also exhibits the highest mortality rate among thyroid malignancies, with an extremely short survival time. Thyroid CSCs are invasive and highly resistant to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which results in disease relapse even when the primary lesion has been eradicated. Therefore, targeting thyroid CSCs may represent an effective treatment strategy against aggressive neoplasms, including recurrent and radioresistant tumors. The present review summarizes the current literature regarding thyroid CSCs and discusses therapeutic strategies that target these cells, with a focus on the function of self-renewal pathways and miRNAs. Elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate CSC growth and survival may improve novel therapeutic approaches for treatment-resistant thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vicari
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
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Mio C, Lavarone E, Conzatti K, Baldan F, Toffoletto B, Puppin C, Filetti S, Durante C, Russo D, Orlacchio A, Di Cristofano A, Di Loreto C, Damante G. MCM5 as a target of BET inhibitors in thyroid cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:335-47. [PMID: 26911376 PMCID: PMC4891972 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely aggressive thyroid cancer subtype, refractory to the current medical treatment. Among various epigenetic anticancer drugs, bromodomain and extra-terminal inhibitors (BETis) are considered to be an appealing novel class of compounds. BETi target the bromodomain and extra-terminal of BET proteins that act as regulators of gene transcription, interacting with histone acetyl groups. The goal of this study is to delineate which pathway underlies the biological effects derived from BET inhibition, in order to find new potential therapeutic targets in ATC. We investigated the effects of BET inhibition on two human anaplastic thyroid cancer-derived cell lines (FRO and SW1736). The treatment with two BETis, JQ1 and I-BET762, decreased cell viability, reduced cell cycle S-phase, and determined cell death. In order to find BETi effectors, FRO and SW1736 were subjected to a global transcriptome analysis after JQ1 treatment. A significant portion of deregulated genes belongs to cell cycle regulators. Among them, MCM5 was decreased at both mRNA and protein levels in both tested cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments indicate that MCM5 is directly bound by the BET protein BRD4. MCM5 silencing reduced cell proliferation, thus underlining its involvement in the block of proliferation induced by BETis. Furthermore, MCM5 immunohistochemical evaluation in human thyroid tumor tissues demonstrated its overexpression in several papillary thyroid carcinomas and in all ATCs. MCM5 was also overexpressed in a murine model of ATC, and JQ1 treatment reduced Mcm5 mRNA expression in two murine ATC cell lines. Thus, MCM5 could represent a new target in the therapeutic approach against ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Mio
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Lavarone
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ketty Conzatti
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Toffoletto
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Puppin
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
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40
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Allegri L, Baldan F, Mio C, Puppin C, Russo D, Kryštof V, Damante G. Effects of BP-14, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2413-8. [PMID: 26884249 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely aggressive human malignancy characterized by a marked degree of invasiveness, absense of features of thyroid differentiation and resistance to current medical treatment. It is well known that ATCs are characterized by deregulation of genes related to cell cycle regulation, i.e., cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and endogenous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). Therefore, in the present study, the effect of a novel exogenous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, BP-14, was investigated in three human ATC cell lines. The ATC-derived cell lines FRO, SW1736 and 8505C were treated with BP-14 alone or in combination with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. In all ATC cell lines, treatment with BP-14 decreased cell viability and, in two of them, BP-14 modified expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, our data indicate that BP-14 is a potential new compound effective against ATC. Combined treatment with BP-14 and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus had a strong synergistic effect on cell viability in all three cell lines, suggesting that the combined used of CDK and mTOR inhibitors may be a useful strategy for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Allegri
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Catia Mio
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Puppin
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vladimir Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, CZ-77111 Olomuc, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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von Roemeling CA, Copland JA. Targeting lipid metabolism for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:159-66. [PMID: 26414044 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1086341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the rarest subtype of thyroid cancer; however, it disproportionately accounts for a large percentage of all thyroid cancer-related deaths and is considered one of the most lethal solid tumors in humans, having a median survival of only a few months upon diagnosis. Although a variety of treatment options are available including surgery, radiation and targeted therapies, response rates are low, due in part to the drug-resistant nature of this disease; therefore, new avenues for therapeutic intervention are surely needed. Recent investigation into the metabolic profile of ATC has revealed a tumor-specific dependency for increased de novo lipogenesis, offering new insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern disease initiation and progression. AREAS COVERED Herein we summarize known oncogenic signaling pathways and current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ATC. We further discuss the unique expression pattern of lipid metabolism constituents in this disease. Additionally, the current literature correlating aberrant lipogenesis with carcinogenesis is reviewed, and the implications of targeting this pathway as an innovative approach for treating ATC and other malignancies are discussed. As stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the most differentially expressed constituent of lipid metabolism in ATC, an additional focus on this enzyme as a novel therapeutic target is applied. EXPERT OPINION This section is used to summarize the current research efforts underway in defining the role of lipid metabolism specifically in thyroid carcinoma. Included is a brief summary of lipid metabolism factors for which inhibitors have been generated and are under current investigation as anti-cancer agents. Finally, research limitations regarding the use of these inhibitors against components of this pathway are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Copland
- b 2 Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, The Department of Cancer Biology , Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA ;
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Celano M, Maggisano V, De Rose RF, Bulotta S, Maiuolo J, Navarra M, Russo D. Flavonoid Fraction of Citrus Reticulata Juice Reduces Proliferation and Migration of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1183-90. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1073760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Francesca De Rose
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Drug Sciences and Products for Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
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Haddad RI, Lydiatt WM, Ball DW, Busaidy NL, Byrd D, Callender G, Dickson P, Duh QY, Ehya H, Haymart M, Hoh C, Hunt JP, Iagaru A, Kandeel F, Kopp P, Lamonica DM, McCaffrey JC, Moley JF, Parks L, Raeburn CD, Ridge JA, Ringel MD, Scheri RP, Shah JP, Smallridge RC, Sturgeon C, Wang TN, Wirth LJ, Hoffmann KG, Hughes M. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015; 13:1140-50. [PMID: 26358798 PMCID: PMC4986600 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2015.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Thyroid Carcinoma focuses on anaplastic carcinoma because substantial changes were made to the systemic therapy recommendations for the 2015 update. Dosages and frequency of administration are now provided, docetaxel/doxorubicin regimens were added, and single-agent cisplatin was deleted because it is not recommended for patients with advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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von Roemeling CA, Marlow LA, Pinkerton AB, Crist A, Miller J, Tun HW, Smallridge RC, Copland JA. Aberrant lipid metabolism in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma reveals stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 as a novel therapeutic target. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E697-709. [PMID: 25675381 PMCID: PMC4422887 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Currently there are no efficacious therapies for patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) that result in long-term disease stabilization or regression. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify pathways critical for ATC cell progression and viability in an effort to develop new therapeutic strategies. We investigated the effects of targeted inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a constituent of fatty acid metabolism overexpressed in ATC. DESIGN A gene array of ATC and normal thyroid tissue was performed to identify gene transcripts demonstrating altered expression in tumor samples. Effects of pharmacological and the genetic inhibition of SCD1 on tumor cell viability as well as cell signaling responses to therapy were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo models of this rare, lethal malignancy. RESULTS The gene array analysis revealed consistent distortion of fatty acid metabolism and overexpression of SCD1 in ATC and well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. SCD1 is critical for ATC cell survival and proliferation, the inhibition of which induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of the unfolded protein response, and apoptosis. Combined suppression of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, a prosurvival component of the unfolded protein response, using proteasome inhibitors resulted in a synergistic decrease in tumor cell proliferation and increased cell death. CONCLUSIONS SCD1 is a novel oncogenic factor specifically required for tumor cell viability in ATC. Furthermore, the expression of SCD1 appears to be correlated with thyroid tumor aggressiveness and may serve as a prognostic biomarker. These findings substantiate SCD1 as a novel tumor-specific target for therapy in patients with ATC and should be further investigated in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A von Roemeling
- Departments of Cancer Biology (C.A.v.R., L.A.M., A.C., J.M., H.W.T., R.C.S., J.A.C.) and Hematology and Oncology (H.W.T.), and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.C.S.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224; The Mayo Clinic Graduate School (C.A.v.R.), Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (A.B.P.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Koussis H, Giorgi CA, Di Liso E, Carlucci MC, Fassina A, Marioni G, Conte PF. Complete response to weekly carboplatin-docetaxel chemotherapy in a 91-year-old woman with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:268-72. [PMID: 25681954 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an unusual tumor with the worst prognosis among thyroid malignancies. Treatment of the patients diagnosed with ATC is not standardized and the feasible options include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ATC cannot be regarded as a very chemo-sensitive tumor. Herein, we reported a case of a 91-year-old woman with complete response after induction chemotherapy (weekly carboplatin and docetaxel) that underwent subsequent radiotherapy.
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Di Maro G, Orlandella FM, Bencivenga TC, Salerno P, Ugolini C, Basolo F, Maestro R, Salvatore G. Identification of targets of Twist1 transcription factor in thyroid cancer cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1617-26. [PMID: 24848707 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human tumors. Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in cancer development and progression. We showed that Twist1 affects thyroid cancer cell survival and motility. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify Twist1 targets in thyroid cancer cells. DESIGN Transcriptional targets of Twist1 were identified by gene expression profiling the TPC-Twist1 cells in comparison with control cells. Functional studies were performed by silencing in TPC-Twist1 and in CAL62 cells the top 10 upregulated genes and by evaluating cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to verify direct binding of Twist1 to target genes. Quantitative RT-PCR was applied to study the expression level of Twist1 target genes in human thyroid carcinoma samples. RESULTS According to the gene expression profile, the top functions enriched in TPC-Twist1 cells were cellular movement, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death and survival. Silencing of the top 10 upregulated genes reduced viability of TPC-Twist1 and of CAL62 cells. Silencing of COL1A1, KRT7, and PDZK1 also induced cell death. Silencing of HS6ST2, THRB, ID4, RHOB, and PDZK1IP also impaired migration and invasion of TPC-Twist1 and of CAL62 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Twist1 directly binds the promoter of the top 10 upregulated genes. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that HS6ST2, COL1A1, F2RL1, LEPREL1, PDZK1, and PDZK1IP1 are overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma samples compared with normal thyroids. CONCLUSIONS We identified a set of genes that mediates Twist1 biological effects in thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (G.D.M., F.M.O., T.C.B., P.S.), Università di Napoli "Federico II," Italy 80131; Dipartimento di Area Medica (C.U.), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy 56126; Dipartimento di Patologia Chirugica, Medica (F.B.), Molecolare e dell'Area Critica dell' Università di Pisa, Italy 56124; Experimental Oncology 1 (R.M.), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy 33081; and Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (G.S.), Universita' "Parthenope," 80133 Napoli, Italy 80133
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Wang C, Lu S, Jiang J, Jia X, Dong X, Bu P. Hsa-microRNA-101 suppresses migration and invasion by targeting Rac1 in thyroid cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1815-1821. [PMID: 25202416 PMCID: PMC4156273 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 22- to 25-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that function as negative regulators of gene expression. In previous years, increasing evidence has arisen implicating the involvement of miRNAs in carcinogenesis. In previous studies, the role of miRNA-101 (miR-101) in tumors has been identified as a tumor suppressor and, until now, the role of miR-101 and Rac1 in thyroid cancer has remained undefined. This study revealed that miR-101 is significantly downregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissue and thyroid cancer cell lines, and that the downregulated miR-101 is associated with lymph node metastasis. Infection with the miR-101 murine stem cell virus may markedly inhibit cell migration and invasion in TPC-1 and HTH83 thyroid cancer cell lines. Rac1 was demonstrated to be negatively regulated by miR-101 at the post-transcriptional level, via a specific target site within the 3' untranslated region by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expression of Rac1 was also observed to inversely correlate with miR-101 expression in PTC tissues; knockdown of Rac1 by shRNA inhibited thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion, resembling that of miR-101 overexpression. Thus, these findings suggested that miR-101 acts as a novel suppressor by targeting the Rac1 gene and inhibiting thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Subei Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- Department of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Ping Bu
- Department of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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Influence of risk grouping on therapeutic decisions in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:985-993. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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He X, Li D, Hu C, Wang Z, Ying H, Wu Y. Outcome after intensity modulated radiotherapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:235. [PMID: 24690325 PMCID: PMC3976675 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a malignancy with one of the highest fatality rates. We reviewed our recent clinical experience with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with surgery and chemotherapy for the management of ATC. Methods 13 patients with ATC who were treated by IMRT in our institution between October 2008 and February 2011, have been analyzed. The target volume for IMRT was planned to include Gross tumor volume (GTV): primary tumor plus any N + disease (66 Gy/33 F/6.6 W), with elective irradiation of thyroid bed, bilateral level II through VI and mediastinal lymph nodes to the level of the carina (54-60 Gy). Seven patients received surgical intervention and eleven patients had chemotherapy. Results The median radiotherapy dose to GTV was 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks. The median survival time of the 13 patients was 9 months. The direct causes of death were distant metastases (75%) and progression of the locoregional disease (25%). Ten patients were spared dyspnea and tracheostomy because their primary neck lesion did not progress. Conclusion The results showed that IMRT combined by surgery and chemotherapy for ATC might be beneficial to improve locoregional control. Further new therapies are needed to control metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Hinterseher U, Wunderlich A, Roth S, Ramaswamy A, Bartsch DK, Hauptmann S, Greene BH, Fendrich V, Hoffmann S. Expression of hedgehog signalling pathway in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2014; 45:439-47. [PMID: 23860623 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the activation of the hedgehog signalling pathway is associated with tumour progression in various types of cancer, hence the development of specific antagonists raises hope for new therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the expression of hedgehog pathway components in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and effects of the hedgehog inhibitor Cyclopamine on ATC cells were investigated in this study. Expression of the ligand Sonic Hedgehog (SHh), the transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo), the receptor Patched (Ptc) and the target gene Gli-1 was evaluated in two ATC cell lines (Hth 74, C643) by RT-PCR and in tumour specimens by immunohistochemistry. The corresponding gene products were examined by western blotting analysis. After treatment with different concentrations of Cyclopamine the time-dependent course of cell viability in ATC cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. SHh, Smo, Ptc and Gli were clearly expressed on mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines and in tumour samples (41 %SHh, 65 %Smo, 65 %Ptc and 65 %Gli). Treatment with Cyclopamine showed a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell numbers with IC50 values between 1 and 4 μM in both cell lines, comparable to other types of cancer. In conclusion, we believe that the hedgehog pathway is expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma specimens and proliferation of ATC cell lines can be influenced by the Hh inhibitor Cyclopamine. Aberrant activation of this pathway might be involved in the aggressive biology of anaplastic cancer and further evaluation regarding a possible clinical impact of pathway inhibition is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Hinterseher
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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