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Jacobs MN, Hoffmann S, Hollnagel HM, Kern P, Kolle SN, Natsch A, Landsiedel R. Avoiding a reproducibility crisis in regulatory toxicology-on the fundamental role of ring trials. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03736-z. [PMID: 38689008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing transition from chemical hazard and risk assessment based on animal studies to assessment relying mostly on non-animal data, requires a multitude of novel experimental methods, and this means that guidance on the validation and standardisation of test methods intended for international applicability and acceptance, needs to be updated. These so-called new approach methodologies (NAMs) must be applicable to the chemical regulatory domain and provide reliable data which are relevant to hazard and risk assessment. Confidence in and use of NAMs will depend on their reliability and relevance, and both are thoroughly assessed by validation. Validation is, however, a time- and resource-demanding process. As updates on validation guidance are conducted, the valuable components must be kept: Reliable data are and will remain fundamental. In 2016, the scientific community was made aware of the general crisis in scientific reproducibility-validated methods must not fall into this. In this commentary, we emphasize the central importance of ring trials in the validation of experimental methods. Ring trials are sometimes considered to be a major hold-up with little value added to the validation. Here, we clarify that ring trials are indispensable to demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of a new method. Further, that methods do fail in method transfer and ring trials due to different stumbling blocks, but these provide learnings to ensure the robustness of new methods. At the same time, we identify what it would take to perform ring trials more efficiently, and how ring trials fit into the much-needed update to the guidance on the validation of NAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam N Jacobs
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE), Department of Toxicology, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | | | | | - Petra Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Susanne N Kolle
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
- Free University of Berlin, Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Mizumachi H, Watanabe M, Ikezumi M, Kajiwara M, Yasuda M, Mizuno M, Imai N, Sakuma M, Shibata M, Watanabe SI, Motoyama J, Basketter D, Eskes C, Hoffmann S, Lehmann DM, Ashikaga T, Sozu T, Takeyoshi M, Suzuki S, Miyazawa M, Kojima H. The inter-laboratory validation study of EpiSensA for predicting skin sensitization potential. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:510-525. [PMID: 37897225 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The Epidermal Sensitization Assay (EpiSensA) is a reconstructed human epidermis (RhE)-based gene expression assay for predicting the skin sensitization potential of chemicals. Since the RhE model is covered by a stratified stratum corneum, various kinds of test chemicals, including lipophilic ones and pre-/pro-haptens, can be tested with a route of exposure akin to an in vivo assay and human exposure. This article presents the results of a formally managed validation study of the EpiSensA that was carried out by three participating laboratories. The purpose of this validation study was to assess transferability of the EpiSensA to new laboratories along with its within- (WLR) and between-laboratory reproducibility (BLR). The validation study was organized into two independent stages. As demonstrated during the first stage, where three sensitizers and one non-sensitizer were correctly predicted by all participating laboratories, the EpiSensA was successfully transferred to all three participating laboratories. For Phase I of the second stage, each participating laboratory performed three experiments with an identical set of 15 coded test chemicals resulting in WLR of 93.3%, 93.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. Furthermore, when the results from the 15 test chemicals were combined with those of the additional 12 chemicals tested in Phase II of the second stage, the BLR for 27 test chemicals was 88.9%. Moreover, the predictive capacity among the three laboratories showed 92.6% sensitivity, 63.0% specificity, 82.7% accuracy, and 77.8% balanced accuracy based on murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) results. Overall, this validation study concluded that EpiSensA is easily transferable and sufficiently robust for assessing the skin sensitization potential of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Mizumachi
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8523, Japan
| | - Mayu Ikezumi
- Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8523, Japan
| | - Michika Kajiwara
- Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8523, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yasuda
- Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8523, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Safety and Analytical Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Imai
- Safety and Analytical Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan
| | - Megumi Sakuma
- Safety and Analytical Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan
| | - Momoko Shibata
- Safety and Analytical Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 48-18 Sakae-cho, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Watanabe
- Safety Research Science Laboratory, LION Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, 256-0811, Japan
| | - Junko Motoyama
- Safety Research Science Laboratory, LION Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, 256-0811, Japan
| | - David Basketter
- DABMEB Consultancy Ltd., Kingswood, Gloucestershire, GL12 8RN, UK
| | - Chantra Eskes
- Services and Consultation on Alternative Methods (SeCAM), Magliaso, Switzerland and Swiss 3R Competence Centre (3RCC), Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - David M Lehmann
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Takao Ashikaga
- Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM), National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Sozu
- Department of Information and Computer Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-0051, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeyoshi
- Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute (CERI), 1600 Shimotakano, Sugito-machi, Kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama, 345-0043, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM), National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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3
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Niebauer JH, Iscel A, Schedl S, Capelle C, Kahr M, Schamilow S, Faltas J, Srdits M, Badr-Eslam R, Lichtenauer M, Zoufaly A, Valenta R, Hoffmann S, Charwat-Resl S, Krestan C, Hitzl W, Wenisch C, Bonderman D. Severe COVID-19 and its cardiopulmonary effects 6 and 18 months after hospital discharge. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1366269. [PMID: 38504716 PMCID: PMC10948598 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1366269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the cardiopulmonary system in the acute as well as long-term phase. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively assess symptoms and possible long-term impairments 6 and 18 months after hospitalization for severe COVID-19 infection. Methods This prospective registry included patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization. Follow-up approximately 6 months post discharge comprised a detailed patient history, clinical examination, transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), chest computed tomography (CT) scan, pulmonary function test (PFT), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and a laboratory panel. At the time of the second follow-up visit at 18 months, patients without pathologic findings during the first study visit were contacted by phone to inquire about the course of their symptoms. In all other patients all initial examinations were repeated. Results Two hundred Patients, who were hospitalized for COVID-19, were contacted by phone and were recruited for the study. Due to dropouts the second study visit was performed in 170 patients. A comparison between the two study visits at 6 and 18 months post discharge showed the following results: Six months after discharge, 73% and 18 months after discharge 52% fulfilled the criteria for Long COVID with fatigue being the most common symptom (49%). Echocardiography at 6 months post discharge showed an impaired left ventricular function in 8% of which 80% returned to normal. Six months post discharge, cMRI revealed pericardial effusion in 17% which resolved in 47% of the 15 patients who underwent a control cMRI. Signs of peri- or myocarditis were present in 5% of the patients and were resolved in all 4 patients who attended control studies. At 6 months, chest CT scans identified post-infectious residues in 24%. In the 25 repeated chest CT scans 20% showed full recovery. Length of in-hospital stay was identified as a significant predictor for persisting Long COVID (95% CI: 1.005-1.12, p = 0.03). Conclusion Comparing 6 to 18 months, the prevalence of Long COVID decreased over time, but a high symptom burden remained. Structural and functional abnormalities were less frequent than the portrayed symptoms, and it thus remains a challenge to substantiate the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Niebauer
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Iscel
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Schedl
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - C. Capelle
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Kahr
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, AKH Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Schamilow
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Faltas
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Srdits
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - R. Badr-Eslam
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, AKH Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A. Zoufaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Department of Radiology, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Hoffmann
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Charwat-Resl
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - C. Krestan
- Department of Radiology, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Hitzl
- Research and Innovation Management (RIM), Team Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trial Study, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C. Wenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - D. Bonderman
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Schultz T, Hoffmann S, Dick HB. Comparison of toric intraocular lens alignment between femtosecond laser-assisted capsular marking and digital marking. J Cataract Refract Surg 2024; 50:230-235. [PMID: 37847149 PMCID: PMC10878466 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) alignment between femtosecond laser-assisted capsular marking and digital marking. SETTING Ruhr University Eye Clinic, Bochum, Germany. DESIGN Prospective clinical trial. METHODS In this study, 28 eyes of 23 patients, who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with implantation of a toric IOL, were included. Intraoperatively, both femtosecond laser-assisted capsular marking and digital marking were applied simultaneously and compared in every case. The toric IOL was aligned to the capsular markings. Postoperatively, the axis of the capsular markings and toric IOL alignment was examined. Visual acuity and refractive outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Both alignment methods were performed without intraoperative complications in all cases. 25 eyes were included in the final analysis. Misalignment was significantly lower with femtosecond laser-assisted capsular marking than with digital marking (1.71 ± 1.25 degrees vs 2.64 ± 1.70 degrees, P = .016). Deviation from the target axis of the toric IOL was 1.62 ± 1.24 degrees 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.14 ± 0.13 logMAR, and residual astigmatism was 0.3 ± 0.23 diopter (D) with an astigmatism ≤0.5 D in 93% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS Both methods showed excellent results for the alignment of toric IOLs. However, femtosecond laser-assisted capsular marking was significantly more precise than digital marking and showed good refractive results. In addition, capsular marking offers the possibility to avoid parallax error and evaluating postoperative IOL rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schultz
- From the Ruhr University Eye Hospital, Bochum, Germany
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Maertens A, Antignac E, Benfenati E, Bloch D, Fritsche E, Hoffmann S, Jaworska J, Loizou G, McNally K, Piechota P, Roggen EL, Teunis M, Hartung T. The probable future of toxicology - probabilistic risk assessment. ALTEX 2024; 41:273-281. [PMID: 38215352 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2310301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Both because of the shortcomings of existing risk assessment methodologies, as well as newly available tools to predict hazard and risk with machine learning approaches, there has been an emerging emphasis on probabilistic risk assessment. Increasingly sophisticated AI models can be applied to a plethora of exposure and hazard data to obtain not only predictions for particular endpoints but also to estimate the uncertainty of the risk assessment outcome. This provides the basis for a shift from deterministic to more probabilistic approaches but comes at the cost of an increased complexity of the process as it requires more resources and human expertise. There are still challenges to overcome before a probabilistic paradigm is fully embraced by regulators. Based on an earlier white paper (Maertens et al., 2022), a workshop discussed the prospects, challenges and path forward for implementing such AI-based probabilistic hazard assessment. Moving forward, we will see the transition from categorized into probabilistic and dose-dependent hazard outcomes, the application of internal thresholds of toxicological concern for data-poor substances, the acknowledgement of user-friendly open-source software, a rise in the expertise of toxicologists required to understand and interpret artificial intelligence models, and the honest communication of uncertainty in risk assessment to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maertens
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Emilio Benfenati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Denise Bloch
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Joanna Jaworska
- Procter & Gamble, Brussels Innovation Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - George Loizou
- HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, UK
| | - Kevin McNally
- HSE Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton, UK
| | - Przemyslaw Piechota
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erwin L Roggen
- 3Rs Management and Consulting ApS, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marc Teunis
- Institute for Life Sciences & Chemistry, Dept. Innovative Testing in Life Sciences & Chemistry, Hogeschool Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Konstanz, CAAT-Europe, Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Struijs F, Hooijmans CR, Buijs M, Dahan A, Hoffmann S, Kiffen R, Mandrioli D, Menon J, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Roeleveld N, de Ruijter A, Scheffer GJ, Schlünssen V, Scheepers PTJ. Establishing a health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for isoflurane using experimental animal data: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:166. [PMID: 37710304 PMCID: PMC10503167 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane is used as an inhalation anesthetic in medical, paramedical, and veterinary practice. Epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of miscarriages and malformations at birth related to maternal exposure to isoflurane and other inhalation anesthetics. However, these studies cannot be used to derive an occupational exposure level (OEL), because exposure was not determined quantitatively and other risk factors such as co-exposures to other inhalation anesthetics and other work-related factors may also have contributed to the observed adverse outcomes. The aim of this systematic review project is to assess all available evidence on the effects of isoflurane in studies of controlled exposures in laboratory animals to derive a health-based recommended OEL. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was developed to retrieve all animal studies addressing isoflurane exposure from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Title-abstract screening will be performed by machine learning, and full-text screening by one reviewer. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion. We will include primary research in healthy, sexually mature (non human) vertebrates of single exposure to isoflurane. Studies describing combined exposure and treatments with > = 1 vol% isoflurane will be excluded. Subsequently, details regarding study identification, study design, animal model, and intervention will be summarized. All relevant exposure characteristics and outcomes will be extracted. The risk of bias will be assessed by two independent reviewers using an adapted version of the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and an addition of the OHAT tool. For all outcomes for which dose-response curves can be derived, the benchmark dose (BMD) approach will be used to establish a point of departure for deriving a recommended health-based recommended OEL for 8 h (workshift exposure) and for 15 min (short-term exposure). DISCUSSION Included studies should be sufficiently sensitive to detect the adverse health outcomes of interest. Uncertainties in the extrapolation from animals to humans will be addressed using assessment factor. These factors are justified in accordance with current practice in chemical risk assessment. A panel of experts will be involved to reach consensus decisions regarding significant steps in this project, such as determination of the critical effects and how to extrapolate from animals to humans. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022308978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fréderique Struijs
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Buijs
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Dahan
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- The Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Romy Kiffen
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julia Menon
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nel Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Ruijter
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Scheffer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Svendsen C, Whaley P, Vist GE, Husøy T, Beronius A, Consiglio ED, Druwe I, Hartung T, Hatzi VI, Hoffmann S, Hooijmans CR, Machera K, Robinson JF, Roggen E, Rooney AA, Roth N, Spilioti E, Spyropoulou A, Tcheremenskaia O, Testai E, Vinken M, Mathisen GH. Protocol for designing INVITES-IN, a tool for assessing the internal validity of in vitro studies. Evid Based Toxicol 2023; 1:1-15. [PMID: 38264543 PMCID: PMC10805239 DOI: 10.1080/2833373x.2023.2232415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This protocol describes the design and development of a tool for evaluation of the internal validity of in vitro studies, which is needed to include the data as evidence in systematic reviews and chemical risk assessments. The tool will be designed specifically to be applied to cell culture studies, including, but not restricted to, studies meeting the new approach methodology (NAM) definition. The tool is called INVITES-IN (IN VITro Experimental Studies INternal validity). In this protocol, three of the four studies that will be performed to create the release version of INVITES-IN are described. In the first study, evaluation of existing assessment tools will be combined with focus group discussions to identify how characteristics of the design or conduct of an in vitro study can affect its internal validity. Bias domains and items considered to be of relevance for in vitro studies will be identified. In the second study, group agreement on internal validity domains and items of importance for in vitro studies will be identified via a modified Delphi methodology. In the third study, the draft version of the tool will be created, based on the data on relevance and importance of bias domains and items collected in Studies 1 and 2. A separate protocol will be prepared for the fourth study, which includes the user testing and validation of the tool, and collection of users' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Svendsen
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Whaley
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Gunn E. Vist
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Husøy
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Di Consiglio
- Environment & Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Druwe
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vasiliki I. Hatzi
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides’ Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- SEH consulting + services, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Carlijn R. Hooijmans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides’ Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Joshua F. Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA
| | - Erwin Roggen
- 3Rs Management and Consulting ApS, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicolas Roth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Spilioti
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides’ Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicological Control of Pesticides, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides’ Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Olga Tcheremenskaia
- Environment & Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Environment & Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Gro H. Mathisen
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Thiel JT, Held M, Daigeler A, Hoffmann S. [Complex Carpal Reconstruction with twice folded free Fibular Flap]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2023; 55:232-236. [PMID: 36126932 DOI: 10.1055/a-1901-8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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9
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Gilmour N, Alépée N, Hoffmann S, Kern PS, Van Vliet E, Bury D, Miyazawa M, Nishida H. Applying a next generation risk assessment framework for skin sensitisation to inconsistent new approach methodology information. ALTEX 2023. [PMID: 36919358 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2211161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cosmetic products must be safe for their intended use. Regulatory bans on animal testing for new ingredients has resulted in a shift towards the use of new approach methodologies (NAM), such as in silico predictions and in chemico/in vitro data. Defined Approaches (DA) have been developed to interpret combinations of NAM to provide information on skin sensitisation hazard and potency, three having been adopted within OECD Guideline 497. However, the challenge remains as to how DA can be used to derive a quantitative point of departure for use in next generation risk assessments (NGRA). Here we provide an update to our previously published NGRA framework and present two hypothetical consumer risk assessment scenarios (rinse-off and leave-on) on one case study ingredient. Diethanolamine (DEA) was selected as the case study ingredient based upon the existing NAM information demonstrating differences with respect to the outcomes from in silico predictions and in chemico / in vitro data. Seven DA were applied, and these differences resulted in divergent DA outcomes and reduced confidence with respect to the hazard potential and potency predictions. Risk assessment conclusion for the rinse-off exposure led to an overall decision of safe for all DA applied. Risk assessment conclusion for the higher leave-on exposure was safe when based upon some DA but unsafe for others. The reasons for this were evaluated, as well as the inherent uncertainty from the use of each NAM and DA in the risk assessment, enabling further refinement of our NGRA framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gilmour
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Petra S Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services NV/SA, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar Bury
- L'Oréal, Research & Innovation, Clichy, France
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10
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Hoffmann S, Rattay P, Blume M, Hövener C, Schneider S, Moor I, Pischke C, Schüttig W, de Bock F, Spallek J. Do family characteristics explain a social gradient in overweight in early childhood? Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Children's overweight is associated with many factors, including their living situation, in particular their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and family characteristics. Research on the extent to which family characteristics account for a social gradient in overweight in early life is scarce. This study evaluated whether family characteristics explain SEP differences in the risk of overweight in early childhood.
Methods
The study used baseline data of 3-6 year-old children (n = 1,116) from the intervention ‘Ene mene fit’ conducted at kindergartens in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Data included overweight (body mass index > 90 percentile) and parents’ reports on their education and family characteristics associated with overweight (child consumes: sweets in front of TV, soft drinks; family joined time: outdoor, breakfast, sports; cooking; child sets table; role model). Model-based single mediation analyses decomposed the total effect of highest parental education on overweight into direct (unmediated) and indirect (mediated) effects (OR, 95% CI).
Results
Girls and boys with low parental education had higher odds for overweight than children with high/medium education. Among boys, low education influenced the risk of overweight via indirect effects of i. ‘sweets consumption in front of TV’ (OR = 1.31, 1.05-1.59) and ii. ‘no joined sports’ (OR = 1.14, 1.00-1.44). The direct effect of low education only remained significant when ‘no joined sports’ was considered (OR = 2.19, 1.11-5.19). Among girls, family characteristics measured here did not explain SEP differences in overweight.
Conclusions
The family characteristics ‘sweets consumption in front of TV’ and ‘no joined sports’ contribute to inequalities in overweight among boys, but not among girls. Therefore, more gender-sensitive research is needed to identify family risk and protective characteristics that explain health inequalities among both boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hoffmann
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Department of Public Health , Senfenberg, Germany
| | - P Rattay
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Berlin, Germany
| | - M Blume
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Berlin, Germany
| | - C Hövener
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schneider
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health , Mannheim, Germany
| | - I Moor
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Sociology , Halle, Germany
| | - C Pischke
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Medical Sociology , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W Schüttig
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Sport and Health Sciences , Munich, Germany
| | - F de Bock
- Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Child Health Services Unit , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Spallek
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Department of Public Health , Senfenberg, Germany
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11
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Rattay P, Blume M, Spallek J, Hoffmann S, Sander L, Herr R, Herke M, Reuter M, Novelli A, Hövener C. Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among adolescents: the mediating role of the family. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although health inequalities in adolescence are well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have examined the role of the family in explaining adolescents’ health inequalities. The study aimed to explore whether the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health (SRH) was mediated by familial determinants.
Methods
Using data from wave 2 of the KiGGS study (1,838 female and 1,718 male 11- to 17-year-olds), linear regression analyses were conducted to decompose the total effects of parents’ education, occupation, income, socioeconomic position index, and adolescents’ subjective social status on SRH into direct effects and indirect effects through familial determinants (family cohesion, parenting styles, parental well-being, stress, obesity, smoking and sporting activity).
Results
A significant total effect of all socioeconomic position indicators on SRH was found, except for income in male adolescents. In female adolescents, more than 70% of the total effects of each socioeconomic position indicator were explained by familial mediators, whereas no significant direct effects remained. The most important mediator was parental well-being, followed by family cohesion, parental smoking and sporting activity. In male adolescents, the associations of parental education, the socioeconomic position index and subjective social status with SRH were also mediated by familial determinants (family cohesion, parental smoking and obesity). However, a significant direct effect of subjective social status remained.
Conclusions
The family appears to play an important role in explaining health inequalities, particularly in female adolescents. Reducing health inequalities in adolescence requires policy interventions, community-based strategies, as well as programs to improve parenting and family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rattay
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Berlin, Germany
| | - M Blume
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Berlin, Germany
| | - J Spallek
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Department of Public Health , Senftenberg, Germany
| | - S Hoffmann
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Department of Public Health , Senftenberg, Germany
| | - L Sander
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Department of Public Health , Senftenberg, Germany
| | - R Herr
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health , Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Herke
- Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Sociology Martin , Halle, Germany
| | - M Reuter
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Medical Sociology , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Novelli
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Sport and Health Sciences , Munich, Germany
| | - C Hövener
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Berlin, Germany
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12
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Hoffmann S, Tschorn M, Michalski N, Hoebel J, Förstner BR, Rapp MA, Spallek J. Do regional characteristics predict developmental delay? Analyses of German school entry examination. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Children's health and development are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living region. However, research on the impact of the living region on children's development beyond family SEP is scarce. This study evaluated whether rurality and regional socioeconomic deprivation (DEP) are associated with children's development independently of family SEP.
Methods
The study used population-based data of 5-6.5 years old children (n = 22,801) from mandatory school entry examinations (SEE) in the German federal state of Brandenburg, which were examined in 2018/2019. The SEE data have been linked with data on i. rurality that was defined by an inverted population density and ii. regional DEP that were provided by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation. By binary multilevel models, the predictive values of rurality and regional DEP for global developmental delay (GDD) were evaluated, while adjusting for family SEP.
Results
Children with high family SEP showed reduced odds for GDD compared to medium family SEP (female: OR = 4.26, CI95=3.14-5.79, male: OR = 3.46, CI95=2.83-4.22) and low family SEP (female: OR = 16.58, CI95=11.90-23.09, male: OR = 12.79, CI95=10.13-16.16). Regional DEP additionally predicted GDD, with higher odds for children from more deprived regions (female: OR = 1.35, CI95=1.13-1.62, male: OR = 1.20, CI95=1.05-1.39). Rurality did not predict GDD beyond family SEP and regional DEP.
Conclusions
In addition to family SEP, the regional DEP has an effect on children's developmental delay. Hence, Public Health should take into account regional socioeconomic conditions as determinant of health over the life course in addition to family SEP.
Key messages
• Regional socioeconomic deprivation contributes to inequalities in children's development and health.
• Besides family SEP, regional socioeconomic circumstances are of particular interest to promote health over the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology CB-SFB , Senftenberg, Germany
| | - M Tschorn
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health , Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, University Potsdam , Potsdam, Germany
| | - N Michalski
- Division of Social Determinants of Health, Robert Koch Institute , Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hoebel
- Division of Social Determinants of Health, Robert Koch Institute , Berlin, Germany
| | - BR Förstner
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, University Potsdam , Potsdam, Germany
| | - MA Rapp
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health , Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, University Potsdam , Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology CB-SFB , Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health , Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Mayer A, Herr R, Wiedemann E, Diehl K, Blume M, Hoffmann S, Jepsen D, Sundmacher L, Schneider S. A sport focus of ECEC centres appears especially health-promoting for boys from lower socio-economic background. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pediatric overweight is considered one of the 21st century's most serious public health challenges. Many studies investigated individual level determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies measuring determinants at the meso- level are sparse. As there is a lack of theoretical and empirical knowledge about the role of child care facilities, the aim was to examine the combined effects of family socio-economic position (SEP) and the meso-level variable early childhood education and care (ECEC) centre with sport focus on the BMI of pre-schoolers.
Methods
We used data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and included 1,891 children from 224 ECEC centre groups. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions were applied to calculate the main association of ECEC centre focus and family SEP, as well as their interaction on children's BMI. All analyses were adjusted for age, migration background, number of siblings, and employment status of parents and were stratified by gender.
Results
Boys attending an ECEC centre with a sport focus have on average a lower BMI than boys from ECEC centres not having this focus. Interactive effects between family SEP and ECEC centre focus were found. Considering predictive margins, boys with low family SEP not attending a sport focused ECEC centre had the highest BMI while boys with low family SEP attending a sport focused ECEC centre had the lowest BMI. For girls, no association regarding ECEC centre focus or interactive effects emerged. Girls in the high family SEP tertile had the lowest BMI in both ECEC centre types.
Conclusions
Our analysis shows the social gradient towards a higher BMI for children from lower SEP families. Considering meso-level factors, we provide evidence for the relevance of ECEC centre characteristics for BMI in boys, whereas for girls the association of family SEP with BMI remains. The ECEC centre focus appears to lower the association of family SEP with BMI for boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayer
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health , Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Herr
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health , Mannheim, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology , Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Wiedemann
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health , Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Diehl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology , Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Blume
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hoffmann
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Department of Public Health , Senftenberg, Germany
| | - D Jepsen
- Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Sociology Martin , Halle, Germany
| | - L Sundmacher
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Sport and Health Sciences , Munich, Germany
| | - S Schneider
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health , Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Reuter M, Herke M, Richter M, Diehl K, Hoffmann S, Pischke CR, Dragano N. The impact of the school-to-work transition on self-rated health & subjective well-being in Germany. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
During the school-to-work transition (STWT), young people enter different states as vocational training, university or unemployment that may have immediate or long-term effects on health. Since research has not paid much attention to this, we investigate the development of self-rated health (SRH) and subjective well-being (SWB) during the STWT.
Methods
We used data from Starting Cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a nationally representative cohort of 11,098 ninth graders (50.5% girls) followed over nine years. Linear panel regression analysis with fixed-effects (FE) was used to explore intra-individual changes in SRH and SWB when moving between different STWT states (school, prevocational program, vocational training, university, employment, unemployment, inactivity). FE impact functions were used to compare trajectories of SRH and SWB by states reached after school-leave. Time-varying control variables were age, household composition, and residential area.
Results
School-leave was linked to increases in SRH and SWB, whereas no impact was found for job entry after vocational training or university. Upward transitions (e.g. from a prevocational program to vocational training, from vocational training to university or from unemployment to employment) increased SRH or SWB, while downward transitions (e.g. from vocational training or employment to unemployment) were related to decreases. Over the years after school-leave, we found a decline in SRH and SWB, which was faster in case of transitions to unemployment or prevocational programs directly after school.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that a smooth STWT is key for good health in youth and adulthood. Health and labour market intervention programs should focus on the time after school-leave, especially on those who are not able to find an academic or vocational training position.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reuter
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Medical Sociology , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Herke
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Sociology , Halle, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Sociology , Halle, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Sport and Health Sciences , Munich, Germany
| | - K Diehl
- Friedrich-Alexander-University, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology , Erlangen, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health , Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Hoffmann
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Department of Public Health , Senftenberg, Germany
| | - CR Pischke
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Medical Sociology , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Dragano
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Medical Sociology , Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Illg C, Krauss S, Rachunek K, Hoffmann S, Denzinger M, Kolbenschlag J, Daigeler A, Schäfer RC. Does leg dominance influence anterolateral thigh flap perforators? Microsurgery 2022; 42:817-823. [PMID: 36200703 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thorough knowledge of perforator anatomy can facilitate anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap harvest. The selection of the right or left thigh as donor area may be supported by preoperative perforator imaging and practical considerations. The study aims to determine if the leg dominance should be taken into account, when choosing the donor thigh for ALT free flap harvest, as muscle mass and perfusion might influence perforator quantity. METHODS ALT perforators were localized by color-coded duplex sonography and dynamic infrared thermography on both thighs within a defined 250 × 80 mm area in 24 subjects. Perforator number and thickness of subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer were compared in dominant and nondominant legs. RESULTS We found no statistically significant difference comparing sonographically identified ALT perforator numbers and hot spot numbers in dominant and nondominant legs. Yet, we found high interindividual differences. The comparison of subcutaneous tissue and muscle thickness yielded no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Our study yielded no evidence for preference of the dominant or nondominant leg in ALT free flap harvesting. As we found high interindividual differences in perforator number, we suggest to rely on preoperative perforator imaging when choosing the ALT free flap donor thigh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Illg
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krauss
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Rachunek
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Denzinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Kolbenschlag
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Christine Schäfer
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Hoffmann S, Jones N, Raynal B, Von Castelmur E, Derbyshire D, Sunnerhagen M. TNA: apply for access to laboratories of excellence in molecular scale biophysics research infrastrure (MOSBRI). Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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17
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Reuter M, Herke M, Richter M, Diehl K, Hoffmann S, Pischke CR, Dragano N. Der Einfluss des Übergangs von der Schule in den Beruf auf
die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden junger Menschen in
Deutschland. Das Gesundheitswesen 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Reuter
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut
für Medizinische Soziologie, Düsseldorf,
Deutschland
| | - M Herke
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut
für Medizinische Soziologie (IMS), Halle (Saale),
Deutschland
| | - M Richter
- Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut
für Medizinische Soziologie (IMS), Halle (Saale),
Deutschland
| | - K Diehl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie,
Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - S Hoffmann
- Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Institut für Public Health, Senftenberg, Deutschland
| | - CR Pischke
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut
für Medizinische Soziologie, Düsseldorf,
Deutschland
| | - N Dragano
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut
für Medizinische Soziologie, Düsseldorf,
Deutschland
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18
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Herr R, Mayer A, Wiedemann E, Diehl K, De Bock F, Blume M, Hoffmann S, Herke M, Reuter M, Iashchenko I, Schneider S. Die Rolle der sozio-ökonomischen Position und des
institutionellen Betreuungsumfeldes für die Gesundheit von
Kindergartenkindern. Das Gesundheitswesen 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Herr
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital
Health Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - A Mayer
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital
Health Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - E Wiedemann
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital
Health Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - K Diehl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
(FAU), Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie,
Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - F De Bock
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Klinik
für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Neonatologie und Kinderkardiologie,
Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - M Blume
- Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und
Gesundheitsmonitoring, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Hoffmann
- Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Fachgebiet Gesundheitswissenschaften, Fakultät Soziale Arbeit,
Gesundheit und Musik, Senftenberg, Deutschland
| | - M Herke
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut
für Medizinische Soziologie, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - M Reuter
- Heinrich Heine University, Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for
Health and Society, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - I Iashchenko
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für
Gesundheitsökonomie, München, Deutschland
| | - S Schneider
- Heidelberg University, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital
Health Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
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19
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Blume M, Rattay P, Hoffmann S, Spallek J, Sander L, Herr R, Moor I, Pischke CR, Iashchenko I, Hövener C. Zusammenhang zwischen der sozioökonomischen Position der
Familie und Adipositas bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland – welche Rolle
hat die Familie? Das Gesundheitswesen 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Blume
- Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und
Gesundheitsmonitoring, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - P Rattay
- Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und
Gesundheitsmonitoring, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Hoffmann
- Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Fachgebiet Gesundheitswissenschaften, Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Deutschland
| | - J Spallek
- Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Fachgebiet Gesundheitswissenschaften, Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Deutschland
| | - L Sander
- Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Fachgebiet Gesundheitswissenschaften, Cottbus-Senftenberg,
Deutschland
| | - R Herr
- Universität Heidelberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim,
Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - I Moor
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut
für Medizinische Soziologie, Halle, Deutschland
| | - CR Pischke
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische
Fakultät, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - I Iashchenko
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät
für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, München,
Deutschland
| | - C Hövener
- Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und
Gesundheitsmonitoring, Berlin, Deutschland
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20
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Keizer VIP, Grosse-Holz S, Woringer M, Zambon L, Aizel K, Bongaerts M, Delille F, Kolar-Znika L, Scolari VF, Hoffmann S, Banigan EJ, Mirny LA, Dahan M, Fachinetti D, Coulon A. Live-cell micromanipulation of a genomic locus reveals interphase chromatin mechanics. Science 2022; 377:489-495. [PMID: 35901134 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi9810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the physical principles organizing the genome in the nucleus is limited by the lack of tools to directly exert and measure forces on interphase chromosomes in vivo and probe their material nature. Here, we introduce an approach to actively manipulate a genomic locus using controlled magnetic forces inside the nucleus of a living human cell. We observed viscoelastic displacements over micrometers within minutes in response to near-piconewton forces, which are consistent with a Rouse polymer model. Our results highlight the fluidity of chromatin, with a moderate contribution of the surrounding material, revealing minor roles for cross-links and topological effects and challenging the view that interphase chromatin is a gel-like material. Our technology opens avenues for future research in areas from chromosome mechanics to genome functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer I P Keizer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Simon Grosse-Holz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.,Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maxime Woringer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Zambon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Koceila Aizel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maud Bongaerts
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Delille
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8213, Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lorena Kolar-Znika
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vittore F Scolari
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Edward J Banigan
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leonid A Mirny
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maxime Dahan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniele Fachinetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Coulon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3664, Laboratoire Dynamique du Noyau, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Hoffmann S, Aiassa E, Angrish M, Beausoleil C, Bois FY, Ciccolallo L, Craig PS, De Vries RBM, Dorne JLCM, Druwe IL, Edwards SW, Eskes C, Georgiadis M, Hartung T, Kienzler A, Kristjansson EA, Lam J, Martino L, Meek B, Morgan RL, Munoz-Guajardo I, Noyes PD, Parmelli E, Piersma A, Rooney A, Sena E, Sullivan K, Tarazona J, Terron A, Thayer K, Turner J, Verbeek J, Verloo D, Vinken M, Watford S, Whaley P, Wikoff D, Willett K, Tsaioun K. Application of evidence-based methods to construct mechanism-driven chemical assessment frameworks. ALTEX 2022; 39:499–518. [PMID: 35258090 PMCID: PMC9466297 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2202141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The workshop titled “Application of evidence-based methods to construct mechanism-driven chemical assessment frameworks” was co-organized by the Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and hosted by EFSA at its headquarters in Parma, Italy on October 2 and 3, 2019. The goal was to explore integration of systematic review with mechanistic evidence evaluation. Participants were invited to work on concrete products to advance the exploration of how evidence-based approaches can support the development and application of adverse outcome pathways (AOP) in chemical risk assessment. The workshop discussions were centered around three related themes: 1) assessing certainty in AOPs, 2) literature-based AOP development, and 3) integrating certainty in AOPs and non-animal evidence into decision frameworks. Several challenges, mostly related to methodology, were identified and largely determined the workshop recommendations. The workshop recommendations included the comparison and potential alignment of processes used to develop AOP and systematic review methodology, including the translation of vocabulary of evidence-based methods to AOP and vice versa, the development and improvement of evidence mapping and text mining methods and tools, as well as a call for a fundamental change in chemical risk and uncertainty assessment methodology if to be conducted based on AOPs and new approach methodologies (NAM). The usefulness of evidence-based approaches for mechanism-based chemical risk assessments was stressed, particularly the potential contribution of the rigor and transparency inherent to such approaches in building stakeholders’ trust for implementation of NAM evidence and AOPs into chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elisa Aiassa
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - Michelle Angrish
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Rob B M De Vries
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ingrid L Druwe
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Chantra Eskes
- SeCAM, Magliaso, Switzerland.,current affiliation: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Hartung
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aude Kienzler
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.,current affiliation: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | | | - Juleen Lam
- California State University, East Bay, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca L Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pamela D Noyes
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Elena Parmelli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Aldert Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Kris Thayer
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jos Verbeek
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Paul Whaley
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Kate Willett
- Humane Society International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Thiel JT, Daigeler A, Kolbenschlag J, Rachunek K, Hoffmann S. The Role of CDK Pathway Dysregulation and Its Therapeutic Potential in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3380. [PMID: 35884441 PMCID: PMC9323700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are tumors that are challenging to treat due to their pathologic and molecular heterogeneity and their tumor biology that is not yet fully understood. Recent research indicates that dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling pathways can be a strong driver of sarcogenesis. CDKs are enzyme forms that play a crucial role in cell-cycle control and transcription. They belong to the protein kinases group and to the serine/threonine kinases subgroup. Recently identified CDK/cyclin complexes and established CDK/cyclin complexes that regulate the cell cycle are involved in the regulation of gene expression through phosphorylation of critical components of transcription and pre-mRNA processing mechanisms. The current and continually growing body of data shows that CDKs play a decisive role in tumor development and are involved in the proliferation and growth of sarcoma cells. Since the abnormal expression or activation of large numbers of CDKs is considered to be characteristic of cancer development and progression, dysregulation of the CDK signaling pathways occurs in many subtypes of STSs. This review discusses how reversal and regulation can be achieved with new therapeutics and summarizes the current evidence from studies regarding CDK modulation for STS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tobias Thiel
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.D.); (J.K.); (K.R.); (S.H.)
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23
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Pellevoisin C, Coleman KP, Hoffmann S. ISO 10993-23 In vitro irritation testing for medical devices: Substantiating applicability to mild irritants and non-extractables. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105371. [PMID: 35487444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Irritation testing is an integral part of the biocompatibility assessment of medical devices and has historically been conducted on animals, either by direct contact or with polar and non-polar solvent extracts. In 2018 an ISO-sponsored interlaboratory validation study demonstrated that two reconstituted human epidermis (RhE) based assays, which were adapted from validated methods used for industrial chemicals, produced results essentially equivalent to those obtained with in vivo tests. This led to the publication of the ISO 10993-23:2021 standard on irritation testing, which states that RhE-based assays are now the preferred method. The 2018 validation study evaluated strong irritants, so we tested nine mild irritants (GHS Category 3), neat and spiked at different concentrations into medical device extracts, per ISO 10993-23:2021. The results substantiated the applicability of RhE-based assays for evaluating mild irritants in medical device extracts. Moreover, the 2018 validation study tested solid extractable medical device materials but did not consider non-extractable medical device materials (e.g., creams, gels, or sprays). By testing nine marketed non-extractable materials, either neat or spiked with irritants, we also confirmed that RhE-based assays are readily applicable to such medical device materials.
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24
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Whaley P, Piggott T, Morgan RL, Hoffmann S, Tsaioun K, Schwingshackl L, Ansari MT, Thayer KA, Schünemann HJ. Biological plausibility in environmental health systematic reviews: a GRADE concept paper. Environ Int 2022; 162:107109. [PMID: 35305498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Biological plausibility" is a concept frequently referred to in environmental and public health when researchers are evaluating how confident they are in the results and inferences of a study or evidence review. Biological plausibility is not, however, a domain of one of the most widely-used approaches for assessing the certainty of evidence (CoE) which underpins the findings of a systematic review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) CoE Framework. Whether the omission of biological plausibility is a potential limitation of the GRADE CoE Framework is a topic that is regularly discussed, especially in the context of environmental health systematic reviews. OBJECTIVES We analyse how the concept of "biological plausibility", as applied in the context of assessing certainty of the evidence that supports the findings of a systematic review, is accommodated under the processes of systematic review and the existing GRADE domains. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We argue that "biological plausibility" is a concept which primarily comes into play when direct evidence about the effects of an exposure on a population of concern (usually humans) is absent, at high risk of bias, is inconsistent, or limited in other ways. In such circumstances, researchers look toward evidence from other study designs in order to draw conclusions. In this respect, we can consider experimental animal and in vitro evidence as "surrogates" for the target populations, exposures, comparators and outcomes of actual interest. Through discussion of 10 examples of experimental surrogates, we propose that the concept of biological plausibility consists of two principal aspects: a "generalisability aspect" and a "mechanistic aspect". The "generalisability aspect" concerns the validity of inferences from experimental models to human scenarios, and asks the same question as does the assessment of external validity or indirectness in systematic reviews. The "mechanistic aspect" concerns certainty in knowledge of biological mechanisms and would inform judgements of indirectness under GRADE, and thus the overall CoE. While both aspects are accommodated under the indirectness domain of the GRADE CoE Framework, further research is needed to determine how to use knowledge of biological mechanisms in the assessment of indirectness of the evidence in systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Whaley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK; Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (EBTC), USA
| | - Thomas Piggott
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (EBTC), USA
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (EBTC), USA
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohammed T Ansari
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Kristina A Thayer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Chemical Pollutant Assessment Division (CPAD), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (8623R), Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada and McMaster GRADE Centres, McMaster University, HSC-2C, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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25
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Michaeli W, Hoffmann S, Kratz M, Webelhaus K. Simulation Opportunities by a Three-dimensional Calculation of Injection Moulding based on the Finite Element Method. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2001-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The simulation of injection moulding is essential to meet quality requirements and to increase the efficiency of the design process. In this paper a 3D-finite element model for the simulation of injection moulding is presented. The model's capability comprises the calculation of velocity, pressure and temperature fields as well as the prediction of the flow front position. The numerical approach is mainly based on the Galerkin formulation. Special emphasis is placed on the handling of polymer compressibility in order to enable a realistic simulation of the packing phase. The numerical efficiency has been largely enhanced through the employment of an automatic time step control. In order to demonstrate the code's capabilities and outline advantages and disadvantages over other simulation systems, the calculation results are compared to experimental data and to results obtained from other numerical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Michaeli
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), University of Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - S. Hoffmann
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), University of Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - M. Kratz
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), University of Aachen , Aachen , Germany
| | - K. Webelhaus
- Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV), University of Aachen , Aachen , Germany
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26
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Keizer VI, Grosse-Holz S, Woringer M, Zambon L, Aizel K, Bongaerts M, Kolar-Znika L, Scollari V, Hoffmann S, Banigan EJ, Mirny L, Dahan M, Fachinetti D, Coulon A. Chromatin micromanipulation in live cells. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Tutt G, Hoffmann S. Forensics in motion - Historic vehicles, genuine or fake? Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2022; 4:100218. [PMID: 35141514 PMCID: PMC8816669 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In-depth forensic investigation and analysis of historic vehicles is a relatively new field of research. However, such examinations are becoming an important tool in the face of rising market values and the associated increase of manipulations and forgeries. We review various forensic approaches used in our interdisciplinary work in this field, including vehicle specialists, metallurgists, restorers, and archaeometry laboratories. The related investigations cover a general examination of the vehicle including detailed analysis of its materials and construction techniques, which are cross-referenced with the techniques and materials used in period. We illustrate our theoretical and analytical approach with practical examples from our work on collector vehicles. Finally, we consider methods and approaches currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Tutt
- Omnia Restaurierung, Kaiserstuhlstrasse 24, 79279, Vörstetten, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Privates Institut für Automotive Forensik GmbH, Klassikstadt Frankfurt, Orberstr. 4a, 60386, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Hoffmann S, Whaley P, Tsaioun K. How evidence-based methodologies can help identify and reduce uncertainty in chemical risk assessment. ALTEX 2022; 39:175-182. [PMID: 35100433 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2201131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based methodology, in particular systematic review, is increasingly being applied in environmental, public, and occupational health to increase the transparency, comprehensiveness, and objectivity of the processes by which existing evidence is gathered, assessed, and synthesized in answering research questions. This development is also changing risk assessment practices and will impact the assessment of uncertainties in the evidence for risks to human health that are posed by exposure to chemicals. The potential of evidence-based methodology for characterizing uncertainties in risk assessment has been widely recognized, while its contribution to uncertainty reduction is yet to be fully elucidated. We therefore present some key aspects of the evidence-based approach to risk assessment, showing how they can contribute to the identification and the assessment of uncertainties. We focus on the pre-specification of an assessment methodology in a protocol, comprehensive search strategies, study selection using predefined eligibility criteria, critical appraisal of individual studies, and an evidence integration and uncertainty characterization process based on certainty of evidence frameworks that are well-established in health care research. We also provide examples of uncertainty in risk assessment and discuss how evidence-based methodology could address those. This perspective, which neither claims to be comprehensive nor complete, is intended to stimulate discussion of the topic and to motivate detailed exploration of how evidence-based methodology contributes to characterization of uncertainties, and how it will lead to uncertainty reduction in the conduct of health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Whaley
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Maertens A, Golden E, Luechtefeld TH, Hoffmann S, Tsaioun K, Hartung T. Probabilistic risk assessment - the keystone for the future of toxicology. ALTEX 2022; 39:3-29. [PMID: 35034131 PMCID: PMC8906258 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Safety sciences must cope with uncertainty of models and results as well as information gaps. Acknowledging this uncertainty necessitates embracing probabilities and accepting the remaining risk. Every toxicological tool delivers only probable results. Traditionally, this is taken into account by using uncertainty / assessment factors and worst-case / precautionary approaches and thresholds. Probabilistic methods and Bayesian approaches seek to characterize these uncertainties and promise to support better risk assessment and, thereby, improve risk management decisions. Actual assessments of uncertainty can be more realistic than worst-case scenarios and may allow less conservative safety margins. Most importantly, as soon as we agree on uncertainty, this defines room for improvement and allows a transition from traditional to new approach methods as an engineering exercise. The objective nature of these mathematical tools allows to assign each methodology its fair place in evidence integration, whether in the context of risk assessment, systematic reviews, or in the definition of an integrated testing strategy (ITS) / defined approach (DA) / integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA). This article gives an overview of methods for probabilistic risk assessment and their application for exposure assessment, physiologically-based kinetic modelling, probability of hazard assessment (based on quantitative and read-across based structure-activity relationships, and mechanistic alerts from in vitro studies), individual susceptibility assessment, and evidence integration. Additional aspects are opportunities for uncertainty analysis of adverse outcome pathways and their relation to thresholds of toxicological concern. In conclusion, probabilistic risk assessment will be key for constructing a new toxicology paradigm – probably!
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maertens
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Golden
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas H Luechtefeld
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,ToxTrack, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,seh consulting + services, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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30
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Thiel JT, Daigeler A, Schäfer RC, Rachunek K, Hoffmann S. [Microsurgery Training with a Commercial Smartphone Kit - a new Device]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2021; 53:552-555. [PMID: 34875706 DOI: 10.1055/a-1658-7480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsurgical dissection and suturing techniques require persistent practice and perseverance. Rookies in particular often practice on the "dry model" in order to achieve a smooth transition to the application on the patient in the surgical theatre. Whether surgical glove, pig heart, with magnifying glasses, as a virtual reality tool, rat model with or without a training microscope - many different exercise models are described. For a number of years, self-made devices with smartphone cameras as a magnifying aid have also been known and are sometimes used. There is now a new commercial system from the US which allows the trainee to learn basic microsurgical techniques at any time and almost anywhere, or to perfect advanced knotting techniques such as the "through-the-loop" knot relatively easily and inexpensively. For this purpose, a conventional smartphone can be clamped in a 3 D swivel arm and anastomoses can be practiced on various vessel lumens. The smartphone therefor mimics a surgical microscope. There are prefabricated "cards" with built-in small plastic tubes of various diameters (1-3 mm) that can be used for practice.We believe that in the future such training kits can be part of the standard reporting in microsurgical training for interns and students in microsurgical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tobias Thiel
- BG Klinik Tübingen, Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie
| | - Adrien Daigeler
- BG Klinik Tübingen, Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie
| | - Ruth Christine Schäfer
- BG Klinik Tübingen, Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie
| | - Katarzyna Rachunek
- BG Klinik Tübingen, Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- BG Klinik Tübingen, Klinik für Hand-, Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Verbrennungschirurgie
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Hoffmann S, Sander L, Blume M, Schneider S, Herke M, Fialho PM, Pischke CR, Schüttig W, Lampert T, Spallek J. Do families have moderating or mediating effects on early health inequalities? A scoping review. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
During early childhood, families have a crucial impact on children's health behaviour, health, and development (bhd). However, a family's socioeconomic position (SEP) determines both the parental behaviour, living conditions, and child health. To understand how family characteristics may influence the development of health inequalities, this scoping review synthesised research on their mediating and moderating effects.
Methods
The review followed the guidelines of the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. The search included German and English peer-reviewed articles published between January 1st, 2000 and December 19th, 2019. The search in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus used both free text terms in the title/abstract and index terms within linked keyword blocks: (1) family characteristics, (2) inequalities, (3) income, education, occupation, (4) bhd, (5) newborn, infant, toddler, preschooler. Two researchers independently examined eligibility for inclusion in two rounds (title/abstract; full-text).
Results
Of 7,089 articles identified, ten sources were included that studied family characteristics and health inequalities among 0-6 years olds. Parental rules, stress, and screentime, and TV in bedroom showed mediating effects on inequalities in behaviour problems or children's screentime. Families' negativity, single parenthood, and the number of children in the household moderated differences in impairment, health, behaviour problems, development or breastfeeding initiation.
Conclusions
The effect of family characteristics on early health inequalities has been sparsely investigated. The evidence supported models of family stress and investment. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand this association.
Key messages
Family characteristics contribute to health inequalities. Taking families’ stress and investment into account could improve targeted prevention efforts aimed at reducing health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - L Sander
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - M Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schneider
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Herke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - PM Fialho
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - CR Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - W Schüttig
- Chair of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Lampert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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Di Paolo C, Hoffmann S, Witters H, Carrillo JC. Minimum reporting standards based on a comprehensive review of the zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 127:105054. [PMID: 34653553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive toxicity chemical safety assessment involves extensive use of vertebrate animals for regulatory testing purposes. Although alternative methods such as the zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay (identified in the present manuscript by the acronym ZETA) are promising for replacing tests with mammals, challenges to regulatory application involve lack of standardization and incomplete validation. To identify key protocol aspects and ultimately support improving this situation, a comprehensive review of the literature on the level of harmonization/standardization and validation status of the ZETA has been conducted. The gaps and needed advances of the available ZETA protocols were evaluated and discussed with respect to its applicability as an alternative approach for teratogenicity assessment. Based on the review outcomes, a set of minimum reporting standards for the experimental protocol is proposed. Together with other initiatives towards implementation of alternative approaches at the screening and regulatory levels, the application of minimum reporting requirements is anticipated to support future method standardization and validation, as well as identifying potential improvement aspects. Present findings are expected to ultimately support advancing the ongoing validation initiatives towards the regulatory acceptance of the ZETA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Di Paolo
- Shell Health, Shell International, B.V. Carel van Bylandtlaan 16, 2596, HR, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Hilda Witters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Health, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Juan-Carlos Carrillo
- Shell Health, Shell International, B.V. Carel van Bylandtlaan 16, 2596, HR, The Hague, the Netherlands
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Stichele GV, Dürr A, Yoon G, Schüle R, Blackstone C, Esposito G, Buffel C, Oliveira I, Freitag C, van Rooijen S, Hoffmann S, Thielemans L, Cowling B. OTHER NMDs. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Menon JML, van Luijk JAKR, Swinkels J, Lukas E, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Roeleveld N, Schlünssen V, Mandrioli D, Hoffmann S, Popa M, Scheepers PTJ. A health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for nitrous oxide using experimental animal data based on a systematic review and dose-response analysis. Environ Res 2021; 201:111575. [PMID: 34174259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a common inhalation anaesthetic used in medical, paramedical, and veterinary practice. Since the mid 1950's, concerns have been raised regarding occupational exposure to N2O, leading to many epidemiological and experimental animal studies. Previous evaluations resulted in the classification of N2O as a possible risk factor for adverse reproductive health outcomes based on animal data. Human data were deemed inadequate primarily because of simultaneous co-exposures to other risk factors for adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, including other anaesthetic gases. Since previous evaluations, controversies regarding N2O use remained and new approaches for dose response modelling have been adopted, calling for an update and re-evaluation of the body of evidence. This review aims to assess available animal evidence on N2O reproductive and developmental outcomes to inform a health-based recommended occupational exposure limit (OEL) for N2O with a benchmark dose-response modelling (BMD) approach. METHODS Comprehensive searches in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were performed to retrieve all relevant studies addressing reproductive and developmental outcomes related to inhalation of N2O in animals. The articles retrieved were screened based on title-abstract and full text by two independent reviewers. After data extraction, an overview of all studies was created for the different endpoints, namely foetal outcomes (e.g., resorption), female outcomes (e.g. implantations), and male outcomes (e.g. sperm count). A subset of studies reporting on exposure relevant to workplace settings and with a sufficient number of tested doses were included in dose-response modelling using the BMD approach. RESULTS In total, 15.816 articles were retrieved, of which 47 articles were finally included while 4 of those were used for the quantitative data synthesis. The overall risk of bias was judged to be probably high (using OHAT risk of bias tool) and unclear (using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool). From eligible rat studies, three studies provided an acceptable result by fitting a Hill model to the dose-response data. The resulting benchmark dose lower bounds (BMDLs) from three studies converged to an average (±sd) exposure level of 925 ± 2 mg/m3 at an additional risk of one standard deviation of implantation losses above those observed in the control group (i.e. reduced number of live foetuses/mother). For extrapolation from rats to humans, an uncertainty factor of 10 was used and an additional factor of 5 was applied to account for interindividual variability within the population of workers. CONCLUSION With this systematic review, all available evidence for reproductive toxicity and adverse developmental outcomes in animals resulting from inhalation exposure to N2O was used to derive a health-based OEL recommendation of 20 mg/m3 as 8-h time-weighted average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M L Menon
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A K R van Luijk
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janne Swinkels
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Lukas
- Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark and National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- The Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Pfuhler S, Hoffmann S, Kenny J, Ouédraogo G, Wall B, Hewitt N, Fautz R, Reisinger K. Application of newly validated in vitro 3D skin genotoxicity and hen's egg micronucleus test assays to support the safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hoffmann S. Synthesis, certainty (GRADE), and qualitative integration of human, animal, and mechanistic data. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hoffmann S, Marigliani B, Akgün-Ölmez SG, Ireland D, Cruz R, Busquet F, Flick B, Lalu M, Ghandakly EC, de Vries RBM, Witters H, Wright RA, Ölmez M, Willett C, Hartung T, Stephens ML, Tsaioun K. A Systematic Review to Compare Chemical Hazard Predictions of the Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test With Mammalian Prenatal Developmental Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:14-35. [PMID: 34109416 PMCID: PMC8404989 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally developed to inform the acute toxicity of chemicals on fish, the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) has also been proposed for assessing the prenatal developmental toxicity of chemicals, potentially replacing mammalian studies. Although extensively evaluated in primary studies, a comprehensive review summarizing the available evidence for the ZET's capacity is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of how well the presence or absence of exposure-related findings in the ZET predicts prenatal development toxicity in studies with rats and rabbits. A two-tiered systematic review of the developmental toxicity literature was performed, a review of the ZET literature was followed by one of the mammalian literature. Data were extracted using DistillerSR, and study validity was assessed with an amended SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Extracted data were analyzed for each species and substance, which provided the basis for comparing the 2 test methods. Although limited by the number of 24 included chemicals, our results suggest that the ZET has potential to identify chemicals that are mammalian prenatal developmental toxicants, with a tendency for overprediction. Furthermore, our analysis confirmed the need for further standardization of the ZET. In addition, we identified contextual and methodological challenges in the application of systematic review approaches to toxicological questions. One key to overcoming these challenges is a transition to more comprehensive and transparent planning, conduct and reporting of toxicological studies. The first step toward bringing about this change is to create broad awareness in the toxicological community of the need for and benefits of more evidence-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- seh consulting + services, 33106 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bianca Marigliani
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, 12231-280 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sevcan Gül Akgün-Ölmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Danielle Ireland
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA
| | - Rebecca Cruz
- Laboratory of Dental Clinical Research, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 20520-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Burkhard Flick
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Manoj Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Ghandakly
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert A Wright
- William H. Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Metin Ölmez
- Umraniye Family Health Center (No. 44), Turkish Ministry of Health, 34760 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Catherine Willett
- Humane Society International, Washington, 20037 District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Martin L Stephens
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Pfuhler S, Downs TR, Hewitt NJ, Hoffmann S, Mun GC, Ouedraogo G, Roy S, Curren RD, Aardema MJ. Validation of the 3D reconstructed human skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay: an animal-free alternative for following-up positive results from standard in vitro genotoxicity assays. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:1-17. [PMID: 33544138 PMCID: PMC8081377 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro test batteries have become the standard approach to determine the genotoxic potential of substances of interest across industry sectors. While useful for hazard identification, standard in vitro genotoxicity assays in 2D cell cultures have limited capability to predict in vivo outcomes and may trigger unnecessary follow-up animal studies or the loss of promising substances where animal tests are prohibited or not desired. To address this problem, a team of regulatory, academia and industry scientists was established to develop and validate 3D in vitro human skin-based genotoxicity assays for use in testing substances with primarily topical exposure. Validation of the reconstructed human skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay in MatTek Epi-200™ skin models involved testing 43 coded chemicals selected by independent experts, in four US/European laboratories. The results were analysed by an independent statistician according to predefined criteria. The RSMN assay showed a reproducibly low background micronucleus frequency and exhibited sufficient capacity to metabolise pro-mutagens. The overall RSMN accuracy when compared to in vivo genotoxicity outcomes was 80%, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 84%, and the between- and within-laboratory reproducibility was 77 and 84%, respectively. A protocol involving a 72-h exposure showed increased sensitivity in detecting true positive chemicals compared to a 48-h exposure. An analysis of a test strategy using the RSMN assay as a follow-up test for substances positive in standard in vitro clastogenicity/aneugenicity assays and a reconstructed skin Comet assay for substances with positive results in standard gene mutation assays results in a sensitivity of 89%. Based on these results, the RSMN assay is considered sufficiently validated to establish it as a ‘tier 2’ assay for dermally exposed compounds and was recently accepted into the OECD’s test guideline development program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Greg C Mun
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Rodger D Curren
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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De Vries RBM, Angrish M, Browne P, Brozek J, Rooney AA, Wikoff DS, Whaley P, Edwards SW, Morgan RL, Druwe IL, Hoffmann S, Hartung T, Thayer K, Avey MT, Beverly BEJ, Falavigna M, Gibbons C, Goyak K, Kraft A, Nampo F, Qaseem A, Sears M, Singh JA, Willett C, Yost EY, Schünemann H, Tsaioun K. Applying evidence-based methods to the development and use of adverse outcome pathways. ALTEX 2021; 38:336-347. [PMID: 33837437 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The workshop “Application of evidence-based methods to construct mechanistic frameworks for the development and use of non-animal toxicity tests” was organized by the Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration and hosted by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group on June 12, 2019. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together international regulatory bodies, risk assessors, academic scientists, and industry to explore how systematic review methods and the adverse outcome pathway framework could be combined to develop and use mechanistic test methods for predicting the toxicity of chemical substances in an evidence-based manner. The meeting covered the history of biological frameworks, the way adverse outcome pathways are currently developed, the basic principles of systematic methodology, including systematic reviews and evidence maps, and assessment of certainty in models, and adverse outcome pathways in particular. Specific topics were discussed via case studies in small break-out groups. The group concluded that adverse outcome pathways provide an important framework to support mechanism-based assessment in environmental health. The process of their development has a few challenges that could be addressed with systematic methods and automation tools. Addressing these challenges will increase the transparency of the evidence behind adverse outcome pathways and the consistency with which they are defined; this in turn will increase their value for supporting public health decisions. It was suggested to explore the details of applying systematic methods to adverse outcome pathway development in a series of case studies and workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob B M De Vries
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Angrish
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Patience Browne
- Test Guidelines Programme, Environmental Directorate, OECD, Paris, France
| | - Jan Brozek
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew A Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul Whaley
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Rebecca L Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ingrid L Druwe
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,seh consulting + service, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristina Thayer
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Brandiese E J Beverly
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Maicon Falavigna
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katy Goyak
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Kraft
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Fernando Nampo
- Evidence-Based Public Health Research Group, Latin-American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Latin-American Integration, Foz do Iguassu, Parana, Brazil
| | - Amir Qaseem
- Center for Evidence Reviews, The American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meg Sears
- Canadian Environmental Health Information Infrastructure, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; and Department of Epidemiology at the UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Erin Y Yost
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster GRADE Centre and Michael G DeGroote Cochrane Canada Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wolf MF, Girdhar G, Anderson AA, Ubl SR, Thinamany S, Jeffers HN, DeRusha CE, Rodriguez‐Fernandez J, Hoffmann S, Strief CA. In vitro methodology for medical device material thrombogenicity assessments: A use condition and bioanalytical proof-of-concept approach. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:358-376. [PMID: 32929881 PMCID: PMC7821245 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Device manufacturers and regulatory agencies currently utilize expensive and often inconclusive in vivo vascular implant models to assess implant material thrombogenicity. We report an in vitro thrombogenicity assessment methodology where test materials (polyethylene, Elasthane™ 80A polyurethane, Pebax®), alongside positive (borosilicate glass) and negative (no material) controls, were exposed to fresh human blood, with attention to common blood-contact use conditions and the variables: material (M), material surface modification (SM) with heparin, model (Mo), time (T), blood donor (D), exposure ratio (ER; cm2 material/ml blood), heparin anticoagulation (H), and blood draw/fill technique (DT). Two models were used: (1) a gentle-agitation test tube model and (2) a pulsatile flow closed-loop model. Thrombogenicity measurements included thrombin generation (thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT] and human prothrombin fragment F1.2), platelet activation (β-thromboglobulin), and platelet counts. We report that: (a) thrombogenicity was strongly dependent (p < .0001) on M, H, and T, and variably dependent (p < .0001 - > .05) on Mo, SM, and D (b) differences between positive control, test, and negative control materials became less pronounced as H increased from 0.6 to 2.0 U/ml, and (c) in vitro-to-in vivo case comparisons showed consistency in thrombogenicity rankings on materials classified to be of low, moderate, and high concern. In vitro methods using fresh human blood are therefore scientifically sound and cost effective compared to in vivo methods for screening intravascular materials and devices for thrombogenicity.
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Krämer B, Kommoss S, Hoffmann S, Brucker S, Andress J, Neis F, Höller A. Eine prospektive, randomisierte, kontrollierte klinische Studie zur Adhäsionsprophylaxe nach Resektion von Endometriose mit 4DryField® PH. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Krämer
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik Tübingen
| | | | | | | | | | - F Neis
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik Tübingen
| | - A Höller
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik Tübingen
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Baudoux L, Staebler A, Greif K, Beschorner C, Krämer B, Hoffmann S, Neis F, Andress J, Grube M, Pasternak J, Krämer P, Taran FA, Brucker S, Kommoss S. Histopathologisches Ultrastaging zur Identifikation positiver Sentinellymphknoten in der Therapie des Endometriumkarzinoms: Retrospektive Analyse an einem großen Kollektiv der Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Baudoux
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | - A Staebler
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - K Greif
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - C Beschorner
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - B Krämer
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | | | - F Neis
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | - J Andress
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | - M Grube
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | | | - P Krämer
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
| | | | | | - S Kommoss
- Institut für Frauengesundheit Tübingen
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Gilmour N, Kern PS, Alépée N, Boislève F, Bury D, Clouet E, Hirota M, Hoffmann S, Kühnl J, Lalko JF, Mewes K, Miyazawa M, Nishida H, Osmani A, Petersohn D, Sekine S, van Vliet E, Klaric M. Development of a next generation risk assessment framework for the evaluation of skin sensitisation of cosmetic ingredients. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 116:104721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Whaley P, Aiassa E, Beausoleil C, Beronius A, Bilotta G, Boobis A, de Vries R, Hanberg A, Hoffmann S, Hunt N, Kwiatkowski CF, Lam J, Lipworth S, Martin O, Randall N, Rhomberg L, Rooney AA, Schünemann HJ, Wikoff D, Wolffe T, Halsall C. Recommendations for the conduct of systematic reviews in toxicology and environmental health research (COSTER). Environ Int 2020; 143:105926. [PMID: 32653802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several standards that offer explicit guidance on good practice in systematic reviews (SRs) for the medical sciences; however, no similarly comprehensive set of recommendations has been published for SRs that focus on human health risks posed by exposure to environmental challenges, chemical or otherwise. OBJECTIVES To develop an expert, cross-sector consensus view on a key set of recommended practices for the planning and conduct of SRs in the environmental health sciences. METHODS A draft set of recommendations was derived from two existing standards for SRs in biomedicine and developed in a consensus process, which engaged international participation from government, industry, non-government organisations, and academia. The consensus process consisted of a workshop, follow-up webinars, email discussion and bilateral phone calls. RESULTS The Conduct of Systematic Reviews in Toxicology and Environmental Health Research (COSTER) recommendations cover 70 SR practices across eight performance domains. Detailed explanations for specific recommendations are made for those identified by the authors as either being novel to SR in general, specific to the environmental health SR context, or potentially controversial to environmental health SR stakeholders. DISCUSSION COSTER provides a set of recommendations that should facilitate the production of credible, high-value SRs of environmental health evidence, and advance discussion of a number of controversial aspects of conduct of EH SRs. Key recommendations include the management of conflicts of interest, handling of grey literature, and protocol registration and publication. A process for advancing from COSTER's recommendations to developing a formal standard for EH SRs is also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Whaley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Elisa Aiassa
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Assessment and Methodological Support Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Risk Assessment Department, Chemical Substances Assessment Unit, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gary Bilotta
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Alan Boobis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Rob de Vries
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Annika Hanberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Neil Hunt
- Yordas Group, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | | | - Juleen Lam
- University of California, San Francisco and California State University, East Bay, 28500 Carlos Bee Blvd Room 502, Hayward, CA 94542, USA.
| | - Steven Lipworth
- Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BA, UK
| | - Olwenn Martin
- Institute for the Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | | | | | - Andrew A Rooney
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA.
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- McGRADE Centre and Michael G De Groote Cochrane Canada Centre, Dept. of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Daniele Wikoff
- ToxStrategies, 31 College Place, Suite B118B, Asheville, NC 28801, USA.
| | - Taylor Wolffe
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Crispin Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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Hoffmann S, Izquierdo HM, Gamba R, Chardon F, Dumont M, Keizer V, Hervé S, McNulty SM, Sullivan BA, Manel N, Fachinetti D. A genetic memory initiates the epigenetic loop necessary to preserve centromere position. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105505. [PMID: 32945564 PMCID: PMC7560200 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromeres are built on repetitive DNA sequences (CenDNA) and a specific chromatin enriched with the histone H3 variant CENP‐A, the epigenetic mark that identifies centromere position. Here, we interrogate the importance of CenDNA in centromere specification by developing a system to rapidly remove and reactivate CENP‐A (CENP‐AOFF/ON). Using this system, we define the temporal cascade of events necessary to maintain centromere position. We unveil that CENP‐B bound to CenDNA provides memory for maintenance on human centromeres by promoting de novo CENP‐A deposition. Indeed, lack of CENP‐B favors neocentromere formation under selective pressure. Occasionally, CENP‐B triggers centromere re‐activation initiated by CENP‐C, but not CENP‐A, recruitment at both ectopic and native centromeres. This is then sufficient to initiate the CENP‐A‐based epigenetic loop. Finally, we identify a population of CENP‐A‐negative, CENP‐B/C‐positive resting CD4+ T cells capable to re‐express and reassembles CENP‐A upon cell cycle entry, demonstrating the physiological importance of the genetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riccardo Gamba
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Florian Chardon
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Dumont
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Veer Keizer
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Solène Hervé
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Shannon M McNulty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Beth A Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
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Wachtler B, Hoffmann S, Blume M, Rattay P, Herr R, Deindl C, Sundmacher L, Richter M, Spallek J, Lampert T. The impact of the family on health inequalities in children – A systematic scoping review. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents were repeatedly reported across Europe but less is known about the contextual and compositional factors of families that might influence and reproduce those health inequalities. In this systematic scoping review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the available international literature on the mediating and moderating influence of the family on health inequalities in children and adolescents in Europe and North America.
Methods
This review follows the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. After defining the research question a search strategy was developed in cooperation with a scientific librarian and the study protocol was registered. A search of three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO) was conducted to identify relevant literature in English or German published between the year 2000 and 2019. A qualitative data charting process was used to extract the relevant data.
Results
In total 11.838 records were identified through the multi database search (Pubmed n = 6370, PsycINFO n = 3505, Scopus n = 1963). After elimination of duplicates and records from excluded countries, 8862 abstracts were screened by two researchers independently. Different cluster of evidence of family influences on health inequalities were identified: Parental behaviors and children's obesity, parents' smoking and drinking habits and adolescents' risk behaviors, parenting style and children's common mental disorders, parental resources and children's quality of life.
Conclusions
There are different aspects of family's contextual and compositional characteristics on health inequalities identifiable in the international literature. These characteristics might be new targets for family-focused health promotion strategies.
Key messages
A systematic scoping review found different family aspects that influence health inequalities in children and adolescents. The identified family traits are promising targets for family-focused health promotion strategies to reduce health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wachtler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - M Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Rattay
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Herr
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C Deindl
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L Sundmacher
- Department of Health Services Management, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - J Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - T Lampert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
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Kaltenborn A, Bullok M, Schulze C, Hoffmann S, Springer P, Heppner S, Barthel C, Gutcke A. Independent Risk Factors for Impaired Early Outcome after Isolated Ankle Fracture - A Multivariate Analysis and Prognostic Models. Z Orthop Unfall 2020; 159:649-658. [PMID: 32854125 DOI: 10.1055/a-1200-2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are common operative indications in orthopedic surgery. Their incidence is increasing. OBJECTIVES To identify independent risk factors and to develop prognostic models for the prediction of prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) and the onset of postoperative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study analyzing data of 154 consecutive, isolated, surgically treated ankle fractures. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was applied to identify significant independent risk factors. The validity and clinical applicability of the developed prognostic models was assessed with ROC-curve analysis (ROC: Receiver Operating Characteristic). Internal validation of prognostic models was performed with randomized backwards bootstrapping. RESULTS The median LOS was 7 days. 50 patients (33%) had a longer LOS. 13% of operated patients had a postoperative complication (n = 20). Independent preoperative risk factors for prolonged length of stay were leukocytosis (p = 0.020; OR: 1.211), an increased CRP-level (p = 0.005; OR: 1.901), as well as a bi- (p = 0.002; OR: 15.197) or trimalleolar (p = 0.001; OR: 10.678) fracture type. Immediate operative therapy was an independent beneficial factor (p < 0.001; OR: 0.070). The onset of complications was associated significantly with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.004; OR: 9.903) and an elevated ASA score (p = 0,004; OR: 3.574). The developed prognostic models for the prediction of prolonged LOS (AUROC: 0.736) and postoperative complications (AUROC: 0.724) had a good clinical validity and were internally validated. CONCLUSION The current data pronounce the importance of preoperative laboratory works. Furthermore, co-morbidities play a major role in the prognosis of outcome. The developed prognostic models are able to reliably predict the outcome and enable the preoperative identification of high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kaltenborn
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede.,Centre for Surgery, Hanover Medical School
| | - Michael Bullok
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede
| | - Christoph Schulze
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede.,Orthopaedic Surgery, Rostock Medical University
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede
| | - Peter Springer
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede
| | - Stefan Heppner
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede
| | - Christian Barthel
- Quality Management and Controlling Department, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede
| | - André Gutcke
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic, Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede
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Legler J, Zalko D, Jourdan F, Jacobs M, Fromenty B, Balaguer P, Bourguet W, Munic Kos V, Nadal A, Beausoleil C, Cristobal S, Remy S, Ermler S, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Griffin JL, Blumberg B, Chesné C, Hoffmann S, Andersson PL, Kamstra JH. The GOLIATH Project: Towards an Internationally Harmonised Approach for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3480. [PMID: 32423144 PMCID: PMC7279023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project report is to introduce the European "GOLIATH" project, a new research project which addresses one of the most urgent regulatory needs in the testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely the lack of methods for testing EDCs that disrupt metabolism and metabolic functions. These chemicals collectively referred to as "metabolism disrupting compounds" (MDCs) are natural and anthropogenic chemicals that can promote metabolic changes that can ultimately result in obesity, diabetes, and/or fatty liver in humans. This project report introduces the main approaches of the project and provides a focused review of the evidence of metabolic disruption for selected EDCs. GOLIATH will generate the world's first integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) specifically tailored to MDCs. GOLIATH will focus on the main cellular targets of metabolic disruption-hepatocytes, pancreatic endocrine cells, myocytes and adipocytes-and using an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework will provide key information on MDC-related mode of action by incorporating multi-omic analyses and translating results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models and assays to adverse metabolic health outcomes in humans at real-life exposures. Given the importance of international acceptance of the developed test methods for regulatory use, GOLIATH will link with ongoing initiatives of the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) for test method (pre-)validation, IATA, and AOP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniel Zalko
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Miriam Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OXON. OX11 0RQ, UK;
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) INSERM UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Université de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - William Bourguet
- Center for Structural Biochemistry (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain;
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- ANSES, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort CEDEX, France;
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Sustainable Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, 2400 Mol, Belgium;
| | - Sibylle Ermler
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, 2011 BioSci 3, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA;
| | - Christophe Chesné
- Biopredic International, Parc d’Activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France;
| | | | | | - Jorke H. Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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Kaltenborn A, Krezdorn N, Hoffmann S, Gutcke A, Haastert-Talini K, Vogt PM, Haverich A, Wiegmann B. Ex vivo limb perfusion for traumatic amputation in military medicine. Mil Med Res 2020; 7:21. [PMID: 32334640 PMCID: PMC7183706 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb loss has a drastic impact on a patient's life. Severe trauma to the extremities is common in current military conflicts. Among other aspects, "life before limb" damage control surgery hinders immediate replantation within the short post-traumatic timeframe, which is limited in part by the ischemic time for successful replantation. Ex vivo limb perfusion is currently being researched in animal models and shows promising results for its application in human limb replantation and allotransplantation. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS The current lack of replantation possibilities in military operations with high rates of amputation can be addressed with the development of a portable ex vivo limb perfusion device, as there are several opportunities present with the introduction of this technique on the horizon. We hypothesize that ex vivo limb perfusion will enable overcoming the critical ischemic time, provide surgical opportunities such as preparation of the stump and limb, allow for spare-part surgery, enable rigorous antibiotic treatment of the limb, reduce ischemia-reperfusion injuries, enable a tissue function assessment before replantation, and enable the development of large limb transplant programs. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS Data from in vivo studies in porcine models are limited by the relatively short perfusion time of 24 h. In the military setting, notably longer perfusion times need to be realized. Therefore, future animal studies must focus especially on long-term perfusion, since this represents the military setting, considering the time for stabilization of the patient until evacuation to a tertiary treatment center. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS The development and clinical introduction of ex vivo limb perfusion in the military setting could lead to a drastic reduction in the number of limb amputations among service members. Ex vivo limb perfusion enables replantation surgery in Role 4 facilities and changes the clinical setting from a highly urgent, life-threatening situation to a highly methodical, well-prepared starting point for optimal treatment of the wounded service member. With its introduction, the principle of "life before limb" will change to "life before limb before elective replantation/allotransplantation after ex vivo limb perfusion".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kaltenborn
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede, Westerstede, Germany. .,Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nicco Krezdorn
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede, Westerstede, Germany
| | - André Gutcke
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Westerstede, Westerstede, Germany
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover and Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Westerstede, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Mann K, Lemenager T, Zois E, Hoffmann S, Nakovics H, Beutel M, Vogelgesang M, Wölfling K, Kiefer F, Fauth-Bühler M. Comorbidity, family history and personality traits in pathological gamblers compared with healthy controls. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 42:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundWhile DSM-5 classified pathological gambling as an addictive disorder, there is debate as to whether ICD-11 should follow suit. The debate hinges on scientific evidence such as neurobiological findings, family history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric comorbidity, and personality variables.MethodsIn the “Baden-Württemberg Study of Pathological Gambling”, we compared a group of 515 male pathological gamblers receiving treatment with 269 matched healthy controls. We studied differences in sociodemographic characteristics, gambling-related variables, psychiatric comorbidity (lifetime), family history of psychiatric conditions, as well as personality traits such as impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), sensation seeking (Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale) and the NEO-FFI big five. Personality traits were validated in an age- and ethnicity-matched subsample of “pure” gamblers without any psychiatric comorbidity (including nicotine dependence). Data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests, Chi2 analyses, Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation analysis, as appropriate. Bonferroni correction was applied to correct for multiple comparisons.ResultsOnly 1% of the gamblers had been diagnosed with an impulse control disorder other than gambling (ICD-10). Notably, 88% of the gamblers in our sample had a comorbid diagnosis of substance dependence. The highest axis I comorbidity rate was for nicotine dependence (80%), followed by alcohol dependence (28%). Early age of first gambling experience was correlated with gambling severity. Compared to first-degree relatives of controls, first-degree relatives of pathological gamblers were more likely to suffer from alcohol dependence (27.0% vs. 7.4%), pathological gambling (8.3% vs. 0.7%) and suicide attempts (2.7% vs. 0.4%). Significant group differences were observed for the NEO-FFI factors neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Gamblers were also more impulsive than controls, but did not differ from controls in terms of sensation seeking.ConclusionsOur findings support classifying pathological gambling as a behavioural addiction in the ICD-11. This decision will have a significant impact on the approaches available for prevention (e.g. age limits) and treatment.
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