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Dor C, Gajanayake I, Kortum A, Day MJ, Tappin S, Harris B, Battersby I, Walker D, Glanemann B, Myatt P, Dunning M, Bexfield N. Characterisation and outcome of idiopathic pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in 64 English springer spaniel dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:551-558. [PMID: 31317549 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the history, clinicopathological abnormalities, diagnostic imaging findings, lymph node cytological/histological appearance, treatment and outcome of English springer spaniels diagnosed with idiopathic pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective UK-based multicentre study, 64 dogs were recruited from 10 referral centres, 32 first-opinion practices and three histopathology/cytology laboratories, between 2010 and 2016. RESULTS The median age at presentation was 6 years (range: 0.17 to 11.75). Neutered females were frequently affected. Pyrexia (83.8%), peripheral lymphadenomegaly (78.4%), dermatological lesions (72.9%), lethargy (67.6%), hyporexia (54%), diarrhoea (29.7%), coughing (24.3%), epistaxis, sneezing or nasal discharge (21.6%), ocular signs (21.6%) and vomiting (16.2%) were reported in dogs for which the history and physical examination records were available. Popliteal (45.3%), superficial cervical (35.9%) and submandibular (37.5%) lymphadenomegaly were frequently reported. Haematology and serum biochemistry revealed non-specific changes. When undertaken, testing for infectious diseases was negative in all cases. Lymph node cytology, histopathology or both demonstrated mixed inflammatory (27%), pyogranulomatous (24%), neutrophilic (20%) or granulomatous (11%) lymphadenitis. Treatment details were available for 38 dogs, with 34 receiving prednisolone for a median duration of 15 weeks (range: 1 to 28 weeks). A good to excellent clinical response was reported in all but one case. Ten dogs relapsed after discontinuing prednisolone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Idiopathic pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for lymphadenopathy and pyrexia in English springer spaniels. The characteristics of the disease, absence of identifiable infectious aetiology and response to glucocorticoid therapy suggest an immune-mediated aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - I Gajanayake
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, B90 4NH, UK
| | - A Kortum
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - S Tappin
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridge, CB8 0UH, UK
| | - B Harris
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Sutton Weaver, Cheshire, WA7 3FW, UK
| | - I Battersby
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, Hertfordshire, SG5 3HR, UK
| | - D Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - B Glanemann
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - P Myatt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M Dunning
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, B90 4NH, UK
| | - N Bexfield
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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Ribas Latre A, McPartland A, Cain D, Walker D, Black V, Van Den Steen N, Warman S, Battersby I, Murtagh K, Silvestrini P, Batchelor D, Tappin SW. Canine sterile steroid‐responsive lymphadenitis in 49 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:280-290. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ribas Latre
- Dick White ReferralsSix Mile BottomCambridgeshire, CB8 0UHUK
| | - A. McPartland
- Davies Veterinary SpecialistsHitchin, Hertfordshire, SG5 3HRUK
| | - D. Cain
- Davies Veterinary SpecialistsHitchin, Hertfordshire, SG5 3HRUK
| | - D. Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary SpecialistsHursleyWinchester SO21 2LLUK
| | - V. Black
- Langford Veterinary ServiceUniversity of BristolLangfordBristol, BS40 5DUUK
| | | | - S. Warman
- Langford Veterinary ServiceUniversity of BristolLangfordBristol, BS40 5DUUK
| | - I. Battersby
- Davies Veterinary SpecialistsHitchin, Hertfordshire, SG5 3HRUK
| | - K. Murtagh
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonWirral CH64 7TEUK
| | - P. Silvestrini
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonWirral CH64 7TEUK
| | - D. Batchelor
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonWirral CH64 7TEUK
| | - S. W. Tappin
- Dick White ReferralsSix Mile BottomCambridgeshire, CB8 0UHUK
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Johnson PJ, Elders R, Pey P, Dennis R. CLINICAL AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY VERSUS NEOPLASTIC MEDIAL RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODE MASS LESIONS IN DOGS AND CATS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 57:24-32. [PMID: 26346524 PMCID: PMC7169271 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial retropharyngeal lymph node (MRLN) mass lesions are a common cause of cranial cervical masses in dogs and cats, and are predominantly due to metastatic neoplasia, primary neoplasia, or inflammatory lymphadenitis. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to test the hypothesis that clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics for dogs and cats with MRLN mass lesions would differ for inflammatory vs. neoplastic etiologies. Dogs and cats with MRLN mass lesions that had undergone MRI and had a confirmed cytological or histopathological diagnosis were recruited from medical record archives. Clinical findings were recorded by one observer and MRI characteristics were recorded by two other observers who were unaware of clinical findings. A total of 31 patients were sampled, with 15 in the inflammatory lymphadenitis group and 16 in the neoplasia group. Patients with inflammatory lymphadenitis were more likely to be younger and present with lethargy (P = 0.001), pyrexia (P = 0.000), and neck pain (P = 0.006). Patients with inflammatory lymphadenitis were also more likely to have a leukocystosis (P = 0.02) and segmental neutrophilia (P = 0.001). Inflammatory masses were more likely to have moderate or marked MRI perinodal contrast enhancement (P = 0.021) and local muscle contrast enhancement (P = 0.03) whereas the neoplastic masses were more likely to have greater MRI width (P = 0.002) and height (P = 0.009). In conclusion, findings indicated that some clinical and MRI characteristics differed for dogs and cats with inflammatory vs. neoplastic medial retropharyngeal lymph node masses. Although histopathological or cytological diagnosis remains necessary for confirmation, these findings may help with the ranking of differential diagnoses of future cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa J Johnson
- Departments of Radiology, The Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, and Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Medical Imaging
| | - Richard Elders
- Oncology, The Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, and Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Medical Imaging
| | - Pascaline Pey
- The Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, and Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Medical Imaging
| | - Ruth Dennis
- Departments of Radiology, The Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, and Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Medical Imaging
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Abstract
Ciclosporin is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide with powerful immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties that has been used in veterinary medicine for two decades. It is a calcineurin inhibitor whose principal mode of action is to inhibit T cell activation. The drug is principally absorbed from the small intestine and is metabolised in the intestine and liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Ciclosporin is known to interact with a wide range of pharmacological agents. Numerous studies have demonstrated good efficacy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis and this has been a licensed indication since 2003. In addition to the treatment of atopic dermatitis, it has been used as an aid in the management of numerous other dermatological conditions in animals including perianal fistulation, sebaceous adenitis, pododermatitis, chronic otitis externa and pemphigus foliaceus. This article reviews the mode of action, pharmacokinetics, indications for use and efficacy of ciclosporin in veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Forsythe
- The Dermatology Referral Service, 528 Paisley Road West, Glasgow G51 1RN, UK
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Abstract
A two-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented with a five-day history of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and fever. On physical examination, the dog was lethargic and clinically dehydrated. The skin of the entire ventral abdomen extending to both flanks was erythematous, swollen and painful on palpation. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies revealed a severe diffuse neutrophilic dermatitis and panniculitis, resembling the subcutaneous form of Sweet’s syndrome in humans. A large part of the skin lesion developed full-thickness necrosis. After intensive care, three surgical wound debridements and wound adaptations, the wound healed by secondary intention within ten weeks. In the absence of infection of the skin or neoplasia, a diagnosis of neutrophilic dermatosis and panniculitis, resembling the subcutaneous form of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, was made.
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