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Peng J, Yuan S, Wei Z, Liu C, Li K, Wei X, Yuan S, Guo Z, Wu L, Feng T, Zhou Y, Li J, Yang Q, Liu X, Wu S, Ren L. Temporal network of experience sampling methodology identifies sleep disturbance as a central symptom in generalized anxiety disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:241. [PMID: 38553683 PMCID: PMC10981297 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A temporal network of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms could provide valuable understanding of the occurrence and maintenance of GAD. We aim to obtain an exploratory conceptualization of temporal GAD network and identify the central symptom. METHODS A sample of participants (n = 115) with elevated GAD-7 scores (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Questionnaire [GAD-7] ≥ 10) participated in an online daily diary study in which they reported their GAD symptoms based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria (eight symptoms in total) for 50 consecutive days. We used a multilevel VAR model to obtain the temporal network. RESULTS In temporal network, a lot of lagged relationships exist among GAD symptoms and these lagged relationships are all positive. All symptoms have autocorrelations and there are also some interesting feedback loops in temporal network. Sleep disturbance has the highest Out-strength centrality. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates how GAD symptoms interact with each other and strengthen themselves over time, and particularly highlights the relationships between sleep disturbance and other GAD symptoms. Sleep disturbance may play an important role in the dynamic development and maintenance process of GAD. The present study may develop the knowledge of the theoretical model, diagnosis, prevention and intervention of GAD from a temporal symptoms network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Peng
- Mental Health Education Center, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- University of Amsterdam, 1018WB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zihan Wei
- Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Brain Park, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Shangqing Yuan
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, 100089, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China.
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China.
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Hoebeke Y, Vanderhasselt MA, Carême M, Maurage P, Heeren A. No Impact of Tdcs on Stress-Induced State Rumination and no Influence of Executive Control and Trait Rumination: A Double-Blind Sham-Controlled Within-Subjects Study. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2024; 21:99-109. [PMID: 38559434 PMCID: PMC10979793 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective Rumination is conceptualized as a critical transdiagnostic vulnerability and maintenance factor for affective dysregulation and related emotional disorders. Recent research has pointed to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a novel therapeutic tool for alleviating rumination, especially stress-induced rumination. However, the mechanisms of action underlying this effect remain unclear, particularly regarding the potential moderating role of executive control and trait-like rumination. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of anodal tDCS on stress-induced rumination and the potential moderating influence of executive control and trait-like rumination on this efect. Method Forty participants from the general community (i.e., unselected sample) took part in a double-blind within-subjects design study wherein we compared anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(dlPFC) with a sham-stimulation procedure. Participants completed an N-back task, reflecting executive control, during tDCS stimulation, followed by a stress-induction protocol wherein we assessed stress-induced state rumination. Results We found no significant effect of tDCS on stress-induced state rumination and no modulation by executive control or trait rumination. Post-hoc Bayesian analyses corroborated these results and even supported the hypothesis that anodal tDCS does not impact stress-induced rumination. Conclusions From a clinical perspective, our results are at odds with the current outlook that tDCS is a viable tool for reducing rumination, particularly stress-induced rumination. However, we firmly believe that the results of null-finding studies, such as those from this study, are particularly valuable for future iterations and meta-researchon tDCS as a potential tool for targeting transdiagnostic processes, such as rumination. We also addressed methodological limitations and directions for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgo Hoebeke
- Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Head and Skin, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marion Carême
- Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- National Foundation for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- National Foundation for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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Roland A, Windal M, Briganti G, Kornreich C, Mairesse O. Intensity and Network Structure of Insomnia Symptoms and the Role of Mental Health During the First Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:1003-1017. [PMID: 38059205 PMCID: PMC10697149 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s432944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Insomnia, being a mental disorder, is best conceived as a network of symptoms. With the important increase in insomnia prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic, our aim was to investigate how the structure of insomnia symptoms in the general population has changed due to the pandemic. We also looked at the directional dependencies of nightmares and of covid- and lockdown-related stress/anxiety and depression in insomnia. Patients and Methods 5986 persons replied to our online questionnaire for the first wave and 2843 persons to our second wave questionnaire. Both questionnaires included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Regularized Gaussian Graphical Models (GGM) and Bayesian Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) were estimated. Results The pre- and peri-lockdown networks were equally strongly connected (first wave: S = 0.13, p = 0.39; second wave: S = 0.03, p = 0.67), but differed for the first lockdown regarding only six edges (M = 0.13, p < 0.001) and for the second lockdown only five edges (M = 0.16, p < 0.001). These symptoms all worsened during the lockdowns in comparison to before the pandemic (p < 0.001). The diurnal items of the ISI had the highest predictability and centrality values in the GGMs. Lockdown-related stress/anxiety influenced indirectly nightmares through covid-related stress/anxiety, lockdown-related depressive affect and mental fatigue. These reported feelings of stress/anxiety and depression showed an indirect impact on insomnia symptoms through mental and physical fatigue. Conclusion Though the lockdown slightly intensified insomnia symptoms, it did not alter their network structure. Despite their differences, both GGMs and DAGs agree that the diurnal symptoms of the ISI, play an essential role in the network structure. Both methods confirm the need for emphasizing the cognitive/affective component in the treatment of insomnia (ie cognitive behavioral therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Roland
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Windal
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Briganti
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, CHU/UVC Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, CHU/UVC Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- Brain, Body and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels University Consultation Center, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addictologie, CHU/UVC Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
- Vital Signs and PERformance Monitoring (VIPER), LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
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Seierstad A, Schjøtt-Pedersen O, Evensen S, Evensen JH, Gjerstad CL, Sørgård KM, Varga M, Lystad JU. COPSYC-19: The impact of early phase lockdown on mental health among people with psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:178-184. [PMID: 37778125 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE On March 12th 2020 extensive measures were implemented to prevent spread of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). These measures were commonly referred to as "lockdown". In this study we investigate the psychological impact associated with living under these circumstances among patients with psychotic disorders receiving care from specialized mental health services in Norway. METHOD During early phases of lockdown, patients and clinicians receiving and providing mental health care for psychotic disorders in specialized health services at Oslo University Hospital were asked to fill out questionnaires developed for the study. 129 participants from outpatient clinics (91 patients and 38 clinicians) and 89 from inpatient wards (15 patients and 74 clinicians) were recruited. Data regarding mental health and related symptoms were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and standard multiple regression. RESULTS Outpatients reported significantly less extensive worrying, loneliness and hallucinatory experiences during early phase lockdown compared to the two weeks prior. Reductions in loneliness were predictive of experienced improvement in subjective mental health. However, the majority of clinicians from outpatient clinics believed their patients were experiencing more worrying and loneliness. CONCLUSION The result of this study suggests that many patients with psychosis experienced less loneliness, excessive worrying and hallucinations during the first phase of lockdown. This contrasts the clinicians' perceptions, as the patients show signs of resilience during times of uncertainty. The limitation in the study timeframe should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seierstad
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norway.
| | - Olivia Schjøtt-Pedersen
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norway; University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Norway
| | - Stig Evensen
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norway
| | | | - Christer Lunde Gjerstad
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norway; University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Norway; Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Institute of Military Psychiatry, Norway
| | - Kari Mette Sørgård
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norway
| | - Monica Varga
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norway
| | - June Ullevoldsæter Lystad
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, Norway
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Wang B, Yuan D, Zhong X, Yang F, Fu H. Family function, anxiety and depression in adults with disabilities: a network analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1181203. [PMID: 38026317 PMCID: PMC10644035 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1181203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of family dysfunction, anxiety and depression is high in people with disabilities due to long-term activity constraints and social difficulties. Recently, although studies have attempted to provide guidance for family therapy by focusing on the relationship between family function and negative emotions, the specific effects of improved family function during family therapy on alleviation of anxiety and depressive symptoms have been obscured. Thus, this study attempted to elucidate the impact of specific family functioning on specific symptoms of anxiety and depression through network analysis. Methods Family APGAR Index Questionnaire (APGAR), Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) were used to survey 897 adults with disabilities in Sichuan Province. Meanwhile, network analysis for studying the relationship between anxiety, depression and family functioning among the disabled via R software. Results The network analysis showed that (1) Nodes PHQ4 ("Energy"), APGAR3 ("Growth"), GAD1 ("Nervousness") and GAD4 ("Relaxing Trouble") were central nodes in the network model; (2) Bridge nodes linking family function, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the sample were PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation"), PHQ6 ("Worthlessness"), GAD1 ("Nervousness") and GAD5 ("Restlessness"); (3) The node APGAR5 ("Resolve") directly connects the bridge symptoms PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation") and PHQ8 ("Motor"). Conclusion This study suggests that therapists could target the resolve of family members during family therapy to reduce suicidal ideation and enhance the level of activity of people with disabilities, thereby improving the network of anxiety and depression symptoms and alleviating negative emotions of people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Research Center of Psychosocial Service and Crisis Intervention, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Dongling Yuan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guangan Psychiatric Hospital, Guangan, China
| | - Haojie Fu
- Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Cecchini JA, Carriedo A, Méndez-Giménez A, Fernández-Río J. Network analysis of physical activity and depressive and affective symptoms during COVID-19 home confinement. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e63. [PMID: 37854417 PMCID: PMC10579686 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the network structure of physical activity, frequency, depressive, and affective symptoms in people under home isolation due to COVID-19. METHOD A longitudinal study was conducted in two phases (beginning (March 19, 2020) and end of home confinement (April 8, 2020)). The sample consisted of 579 participants from Spain (250 men and 329 women) aged 16 to 92 years (overall sample: M = 47.06, SD = 14.52). A network analysis was performed. RESULTS Four clusters emerged (PA, depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect). A higher frequency of physical activity was related to better-sustained attention, increased alertness, and enthusiasm. In addition, feelings of guilt and shame were mitigated, and confinement distress and irritability were reduced. Physical activity also mitigated fatigue in women, whereas feelings of unhappiness were reduced in men. CONCLUSION Physical activity seems to be an effective option for mitigating the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policymakers should develop programs to promote physical activity in order to be able to cope with confinement or similar scenarios in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Cecchini
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Carriedo
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Méndez-Giménez
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Río
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
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Wu L, Ren L, Li F, Shi K, Fang P, Wang X, Feng T, Wu S, Liu X. Network Analysis of Anxiety Symptoms in Front-Line Medical Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1155. [PMID: 37626510 PMCID: PMC10452648 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research analyses the relations between anxiety symptoms from the network perspective to deepen the understanding of anxiety in front-line medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and can also provide a reference for determining potential goals of clinical interventions. METHODS A convenience sampling was adopted, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) was administered to front-line medical staff through online platforms. A regularized partial correlation network of anxiety was constructed and then we evaluated its accuracy and stability. The expected influence and predictability were used to describe the relative importance and the controllability, using community detection to explore community structure. The gender-based differences and the directed acyclic graph were implemented. RESULTS The connections between A1 "Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge" and A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying", A6 "Becoming easily annoyed or irritable" and A7 "Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen", etc., were relatively strong; A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying" and A3 "Worrying too much about different things" had the highest expected influence, and A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying" had the highest predictability. The community detection identified two communities. The results of the gender network comparison showed the overall intensity of the anxiety network in women was higher than that in men; DAG indicated that A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying" had the highest probabilistic priority; the lines from A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying" to A1 "Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge" and A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying" to A7 "Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen" represented the most important arrows. CONCLUSION There exist broad interconnections among anxiety symptoms of front-line medical staff on the GAD-7. A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying" might be the core symptom and a potential effective intervention target. It was possible to bring an optimal result for the entire GAD symptom network by interfering with A2 "Not being able to stop or control worrying". GAD may have two "subsystems". The modes of interconnection among anxiety may be consistent between genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, Tianjin 300309, China
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Fengzhan Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
| | - Kang Shi
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.W.)
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Vargová L, Kačmár P, Lačný M, Baník G. Measuring various aspects of coronavirus anxiety: a psychometric evaluation of Pandemic anxiety and Coronophobia scales from the latent and network perspective. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36776147 PMCID: PMC9905769 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, understanding and describing the changes in experiences related to the pandemic and its correlates have become crucial. The current study aims to provide a psychometric evaluation and examination of the relationship of two COVID-related anxiety scales through the latent and network approach. The data was collected from the same participants at two time points (Nwave 1 = 1283; Nwave 2 = 1326). The study examined the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Anxiety Scale and Coronaphobia scale. It also examined the factor structure, invariance and relationship with selected variables through both the latent and network approach. The results revealed that both scales provided good fit and psychometric properties-PAS (wave1: CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05 [0.04, 0.07], SRMR = 0.048; wave2: CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05 [0.04, 0.07], SRMR = 0.049), and Coronaphobia scale (wave1: CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05 [0.03, 0.07], SRMR = 0.027; wave2: CFI ~ 1, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03 [0.002, 0.06], SRMR = 0.015). The results also indicated that distinguishing between them is crucial as they were related differently to various variables. The global network models provided a more complex insight in their connections with the set of selected variables. The PAS and Coronaphobia scales are brief and valid measures that can be used in research looking at mental health issues related to the pandemic. The present study shows a unique pattern of relationships of these scales with other variables, extending previous studies into the topic of COVID-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vargová
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, 17. Novembra 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kačmár
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Moyzesova 9, 040 59 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Lačný
- Institute of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, 17. Novembra 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Baník
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, 17. Novembra 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
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Wei X, An F, Liu C, Li K, Wu L, Ren L, Liu X. Escaping negative moods and concentration problems play bridge roles in the symptom network of problematic smartphone use and depression. Front Public Health 2023; 10:981136. [PMID: 36733277 PMCID: PMC9886682 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.981136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has become an issue of great concern in the age of smartphones. PSU is associated with emotional problems, one of which is depression, as shown by empirical studies. However, previous studies have been limited in that they have focused solely on the total score for symptoms of PSU and depression while ignoring the symptomatic heterogeneity of these two concepts. Method This study filled this gap by exploring links between symptoms of PSU and depression among 1,849 university students (59.17% female participants, 17-23 years old). Network analysis was utilized to reveal symptom connections, central symptoms, and bridge symptoms between PSU and depression. Results (1) A total of 17 of 81 symptom connections (about 21%) between PSU and depression existed in the symptom network. For example, "self-control failure" for PSU was positively correlated with "concentration problems" for depression; (2) "recklessly continuing" for PSU and "fatigue" for depression were central symptoms within the PSU symptom network and depression symptom network, respectively; (3) "escaping negative moods" for PSU and "concentration problems" for depression were bridge symptoms. The former was maximumly connected with the depression symptoms and the latter was maximumly connected with the PSU symptoms; and (4) gender had very minimal influence on the network characteristics. Conclusion The results are in keeping with the central idea of the compensatory internet use theory that excessive smartphone use may be a coping strategy for depressed emotions derived from escaping motivation. Moreover, concentration problems may be a mediator explaining how negative emotions (e.g., depression) cause PSU, which is undefined in current internet use theories. Finally, symptom connections, central symptoms, and bridge symptoms could be potential targets for the prevention and intervention of PSU and depression in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fei An
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VI, Australia
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Developmental Psychology of Armyman, Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China,Lei Ren ✉
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xian, China,*Correspondence: Xufeng Liu ✉
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Schwab R, Droste A, Stewen K, Elger T, Theis S, Heimes AS, Peters K, Schmidt M, Brenner W, Hasenburg A. Resilience as a Source of Easement to Health-Related Worries in Women at Increased Risk for Breast or Ovarian Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7039-7052. [PMID: 36090707 PMCID: PMC9462434 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s373191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has affected individuals’ and society’s physical and psychological well-being. The study was conducted in order to assess the predictors for health-related worries during the COVID-19 pandemic in vulnerable populations. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey of women who had a higher risk of developing breast cancer (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC) was conducted, regardless of whether they had experienced an active malignant disease during the pandemic. A self-reported questionnaire was designed for this study to assess health-related worries. The PHQ-4 questionnaire was used to evaluate mental health, and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) questionnaire was employed to investigate resilience. Results History of BC or OC was recognized as an independent significant risk factor for worries regarding being more susceptible to a more severe course of COVID-19 disease (OR 3.593; 95% CI 1.030–12.536; p = 0.045). High scores in the BRS questionnaire were negatively correlated with health-related worries, such as an increased risk for occurrence of BC or OC (OR 0.332; 95% CI 0.118–0.933; p = 0.37) or worsening of oncological outcome as a result of an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (OR 0.330; 95% I 0.114–0.956; p = 0.041). Conclusion The obtained findings determined resilience as an independent and potent protective parameter in terms of health-related concerns in women at high risk for BC and OC. The results may assist in identifying women at risk for health-related concerns during adverse life events, allowing healthcare providers to respond fast and according to the patients´ needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Schwab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Correspondence: Roxana Schwab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes, Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany, Tel +49-6131-17-0, Fax +49-6131-17-5692, Email
| | - Annika Droste
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Kathrin Stewen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Tania Elger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Susanne Theis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Heimes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Katharina Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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Vargová L, Mikulášková G, Fedáková D, Lačný M, Babjáková J, Šlosáriková M, Babinčák P, Ropovik I, Adamkovič M. Slovak parents' mental health and socioeconomic changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:934293. [PMID: 36061269 PMCID: PMC9433575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.934293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in people's mental health have become one of the hot topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents have been said to be among the most vulnerable groups in terms of the imposed anti-pandemic measures. The present paper analyzes the trends in mental health indicators in a sample of Slovak parents (N = 363) who participated in four waves of data collection over a year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mental health indicators were represented by general levels of depression and anxiety as well as COVID-related stress and anxiety. While there were only minor changes in depression and anxiety, the dynamic in COVID-related stress and especially anxiety was more noteworthy. Besides some exceptions, the results hold even after controlling for the socioeconomic situation. The gender differences in the mental health trends were found to be negligible. Overall, we observed no substantial deterioration in the mental health indicators across the four waves of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vargová
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Mikulášková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Instytut Psychologii, Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas, Humanitas University, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Denisa Fedáková
- Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Lačný
- Faculty of Arts, Institute of Political Science, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Babjáková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šlosáriková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Peter Babinčák
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Ropovik
- Department of Preschool and Elementary Education and Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Faculty of Education, Institute for Research and Development of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matúš Adamkovič
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Education, Institute for Research and Development of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Li F, Ren L, Wang X, Jin Y, Yang Q, Wang D. A network perspective on marital satisfaction among older couples. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/18344909221117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It will be helpful for older people to maintain good mental health by improving their marital satisfaction. The present study investigates how the elements of marital satisfaction among older couples are related to each other and reveal the key elements. Four hundred ninety-four older people participated in the study. Marital satisfaction was assessed by the 10-item marital satisfaction subscale of the ENRICH scale. Network analysis was adopted to estimate the network structure of these 10 items and the strength centrality of each item was calculated. The results showed that all edges in the final network were positive. Four edges with the strongest regularized partial correlations appeared between “ leisure activities and spending time together” and “ emotional expression”; “ personality and habits” and “ communication and understanding”; “ economic status and the manner of determining economic affairs” and “ relationship with relatives and friends”; and “ make decisions and resolve conflict” and “ emotional expression.” In addition, “ emotional expression” had the highest node strength value in the network. “ Communication and understanding” and “ views are consistent” had the second and third highest node strength values, respectively. “ Views are consistent” was more central in males than females and was the second central node in male networks. In conclusion, the present study offers a new perspective to deepen the understanding about the internal structure of marital satisfaction among older couples via network analysis. The results might provide potential targets of intervention for social workers or family therapists to greatly improve marital satisfaction among older couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhan Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, PLA, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, PLA, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, PLA, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinchuan Jin
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, PLA, Xi’an, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, PLA, Xi’an, China
| | - Dahua Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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