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Huang QS, Turner N, Wood T, Anglemyer A, McIntyre P, Aminisani N, Dowell T, Trenholme A, Byrnes C, Balm M, McIntosh C, Jefferies S, Grant CC, Nesdale A, Dobinson HC, Campbell‐Stokes P, Daniells K, Geoghegan J, de Ligt J, Jelley L, Seeds R, Jennings T, Rensburg M, Cueto J, Caballero E, John J, Penghulan E, Tan CE, Ren X, Berquist K, O'Neill M, Marull M, Yu C, McNeill A, Kiedrzynski T, Roberts S, McArthur C, Stanley A, Taylor S, Wong C, Lawrence S, Baker MG, Kvalsvig A, Van Der Werff K, McAuliffe G, Antoszewska H, Dilcher M, Fahey J, Werno A, Elvy J, Grant J, Addidle M, Zacchi N, Mansell C, Widdowson M, Thomas PG, Webby RJ. Impact of the COVID-19 related border restrictions on influenza and other common respiratory viral infections in New Zealand. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13247. [PMID: 38350715 PMCID: PMC10864123 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New Zealand's (NZ) complete absence of community transmission of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) after May 2020, likely due to COVID-19 elimination measures, provided a rare opportunity to assess the impact of border restrictions on common respiratory viral infections over the ensuing 2 years. METHODS We collected the data from multiple surveillance systems, including hospital-based severe acute respiratory infection surveillance, SHIVERS-II, -III and -IV community cohorts for acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance, HealthStat sentinel general practice (GP) based influenza-like illness surveillance and SHIVERS-V sentinel GP-based ARI surveillance, SHIVERS-V traveller ARI surveillance and laboratory-based surveillance. We described the data on influenza, RSV and other respiratory viral infections in NZ before, during and after various stages of the COVID related border restrictions. RESULTS We observed that border closure to most people, and mandatory government-managed isolation and quarantine on arrival for those allowed to enter, appeared to be effective in keeping influenza and RSV infections out of the NZ community. Border restrictions did not affect community transmission of other respiratory viruses such as rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus type-1. Partial border relaxations through quarantine-free travel with Australia and other countries were quickly followed by importation of RSV in 2021 and influenza in 2022. CONCLUSION Our findings inform future pandemic preparedness and strategies to model and manage the impact of influenza and other respiratory viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | | | - Tim Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Andrew Anglemyer
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
- University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Trenholme
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Counties ManukauAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Cass Byrnes
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Michelle Balm
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | | | - Sarah Jefferies
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Cameron C. Grant
- University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Annette Nesdale
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Hazel C. Dobinson
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Priscilla Campbell‐Stokes
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Karen Daniells
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Jemma Geoghegan
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
- University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Lauren Jelley
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
- University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Ruth Seeds
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Tineke Jennings
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Megan Rensburg
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Jort Cueto
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Ernest Caballero
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Joshma John
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Emmanuel Penghulan
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Chor Ee Tan
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Xiaoyun Ren
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Klarysse Berquist
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Meaghan O'Neill
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Maritza Marull
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Chang Yu
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Andrea McNeill
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Tomasz Kiedrzynski
- Te Pou Hauora Tūmatanui, the Public Health AgencyManatū Hauora, Ministry of HealthWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Sally Roberts
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Colin McArthur
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Alicia Stanley
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Susan Taylor
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Counties ManukauAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Conroy Wong
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Counties ManukauAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Shirley Lawrence
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Counties ManukauAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | | | - Koen Van Der Werff
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Gary McAuliffe
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Hanna Antoszewska
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Meik Dilcher
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Waitaha CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Jennifer Fahey
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Waitaha CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Anja Werno
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Waitaha CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Juliet Elvy
- Southern Community LaboratoriesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Jenny Grant
- Southern Community LaboratoriesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Michael Addidle
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Hauora a Toi Bay of PlentyTaurangaNew Zealand
| | - Nicolas Zacchi
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Hauora a Toi Bay of PlentyTaurangaNew Zealand
| | - Chris Mansell
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand WaikatoHamiltonNew Zealand
| | | | - Paul G. Thomas
- WHO Collaborating CentreSt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - BorderRestrictionImpactOnFluRSV Consortium
- Institute of Environmental Science and ResearchWellingtonNew Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Counties ManukauAucklandNew Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Regional Public HealthTe Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellingtonNew Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand Waitaha CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Richard J. Webby
- WHO Collaborating CentreSt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
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