The role of rs2236242 at SERPINA12 gene and vaspin level on papillary thyroid carcinoma

Several studies showed that adipokines are associated with types of cancer which are documented to be effective in cancer biology. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism and the vaspin level with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and multinodular goiter (MNG). In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 170 candidates. Ninety patients with newly diagnosed (PTC 60 patients and MNG 30 patients), and 80 participants as a control group referred to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in the study. The vaspin hormone measurements were conducted utilizing the Elisa Kit. Using Tetra amplification resistant-mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR), the genotype of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2236242 was determined. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20. Our findings showed significant age and genotype frequency differences in three groups (p-value < 0.05). There was no significant difference in vaspin levels between PTC, and control groups. The level of vaspin in MNG compared to the control group had significantly different, but there were no differences after adjustment for age. Results showed the genotypes of vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism are not associated with the level of vaspin. The genotypes and allele frequencies of vaspin rs2236242 in the PTC and MNG groups were significant compared to the control group. We have found vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism as a potential marker of papillary thyroid cancer. The A allele of the vaspin SNP rs2236242 plays a protective role against PTC and MNG. SNP at rs2236242 was not significantly associated with vaspin levels.

PREDICTION OF PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

The aim of the research was to study the relationship between the level of vaspin and the thickness of the intima-media of the carotid artery (CIMT), parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, functional state of the pancreas, markers of inflammation, and to create a mathematical model for the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Materials and methods: Serum vaspin level in 114 people with DM-2 or CP and a combination of these diseases were obtained. The parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation and functional status of pancreas were studied. CIMT was measured by means of B-mode ultrasonography. The obtained data were processed by the methods of non-parametric statistics to study the dependence of the parameters on the group, questions of the statistical significance of differences between two unrelated groups, the tightness of the relationship between the analyzed parameters. Results: A statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in serum vaspin levels in patients with DM-2 compared with other studied groups was obtained. A reliable correlation between vaspin, carbohydrate metabolism and CIMT was obtained, and it appeared to be dependent on the presence of comorbid pathology. The value of vaspin / tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), starting from which CIMT increase is considered present, was calculated. Conclusions: Undertaken study confirmed the positive connection of vaspin with insulin resistance markers, but also demonstrated that serum vaspin levels is positively associated with CIMT. A mathematical model for predicting the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with the studied pathology was developed. It was demonstrated that the Vaspin/TNF-α ratio can be used as a marker of early atherosclerotic lesion of vascular wall, indicating the role of vaspin in atherogenesis

Classical (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) and new (chemerin, vaspin, omentin) adipocytokines in patients with prediabetes

Background

In the last decade, there has been an increased interest toward fat tissue as an endocrine organ that secretes many cytokines and bioactive mediators that play a role in insulin sensitivity, inflammation, coagulation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate classical (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) and new (chemerin, vaspin, omentin) adipocytokine levels in subjects with prediabetes [impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)] and obese subjects with normoglycemia.

Methods

In this study, 80 patients with a mean age of 50.4 ± 10.6 years were recruited, divided into two groups with similar age and body mass index (BMI) – with obesity and normoglycemia (n = 41) and with obesity and prediabetes (n = 39).

Results

Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in subjects with normoglycemia compared to patients with prediabetes. Adiponectin has a good discriminating power to distinguish between patients with and without insulin resistance in our study population [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.728, p = 0.002]. Other adipocytokine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) had significantly lower levels of leptin compared to those without MetS (33.03 ± 14.94 vs. 40.24 ± 12.23 ng/mL) and this difference persisted after adjustment for weight and BMI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that low serum leptin can predict the presence of MetS (p = 0.03), AUC = 0.645.

Conclusion

Serum adiponectin is statistically higher in patients with normoglycemia compared to those with prediabetes and has a predictive value for distinguishing between patients with and without insulin resistance in the studied population. Serum leptin has a good predictive value for distinguishing between patients with and without MetS in the studied population.

Is vaspin related to cardio-metabolic status and autonomic function in early stages of glucose intolerance and in metabolic syndrome?

BACKGROUND

This study aims to assess serum vaspin in early stages of glucose intolerance and in the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS); and to evaluate vaspin correlation to different cardio-metabolic parameters and autonomic tone in these subjects.

METHODS

185 subjects (80 males and 105 females) of mean age 45.8 ± 11.6 years and mean BMI 31.2 ± 6.3 kg/m(2), divided into groups according to: glucose tolerance, presence of MetS and cardio-vascular autonomic dysfunction (CAD), were enrolled. Glucose tolerance was studied during OGTT. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, HbA1c, serum lipids, hsCRP, fasting immunoreactive insulin and serum vaspin were measured. Body composition was estimated by impedance analysis. AGEs were assessed by skin fluorescence. CAD was assessed by ANX-3.0.

RESULTS

There was no difference in vaspin levels between the groups according to glucose tolerance, presence of MetS, and CAD. Regression analysis revealed independent association between serum vaspin and total body fat in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NDT2D) group, and between serum vaspin and age and total body fat in MetS group. Vaspin negatively correlated with both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and just with parasympathetic tone in NGT without MetS.

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrate no overt fluctuations in vaspin levels in the early stages of glucose intolerance and in MetS. Total body fat seems to be related to vaspin levels in MetS and NDT2D. Our data show negative correlation between vaspin and autonomic function in NGT, as vaspin is associated with parasympathetic activity even in the absence of MetS.

The role of vaspin in the development of metabolic and glucose tolerance disorders and atherosclerosis

In recent years, most research efforts have been focused on studying insulin-sensitizing adipokines. One of the most recently discovered adipokines is vaspin, a visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor. Vaspin levels have been found significantly increased in mice with obesity and insulin resistance. It has been assumed that vaspin serves as an insulin sensitizer with anti-inflammatory effects and might act as a compensatory mechanism in response to decreased insulin sensitivity. Most studies in humans have shown a positive correlation between vaspin gene expression and serum levels, and metabolic syndrome parameters. Vaspin gene expression is influenced by age and gender, and the administration of insulin sensitizers enhances it in mice, whereas the use of metformin decreases serum vaspin levels in humans, probably due to different regulatory mechanisms. Presumably vaspin plays local and endocrine role in the development of initial and advanced atherosclerosis in obese subjects and might be used as a predictor of coronary and cerebrovascular disease. It is believed that vaspin could be regarded as a new link between obesity and related metabolic disorders, including glucose intolerance. The entire understanding of vaspin intimate mechanism of action might enable the development of novel etiology-based treatment strategies, targeting metabolic and glucose tolerance disorders.

Higher vaspin levels in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

AIMS

Visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin (vaspin) was identified as a new adipocytokine. Many studies reported vaspin concentrations in obese subjects and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, large variation in levels of vaspin seen in different studies may be attributable to differences of sample size. The aim of this study is to establish an accurate confidence interval of vaspin levels in obese subjects and T2DM patients using a large-scale meta-analysis.

METHODS

Publications of the association between vaspin and obesity and T2DM in the databases of Medline, PubMed and EMBase were collected. The keywords included "vaspin" and "visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin". Review manager 5.0 was used to process the data.

RESULTS

For the analysis of obesity, 6 studies with 1826 participants were included in our meta-analysis; the level of vaspin was 0.52ng/ml [95% confidence interval (CI)](0.10-0.93, P=0.02) higher in obese subjects than that in non-obese healthy controls. Eleven studies with 1570 patients were included for the analysis of T2DM; the level of vaspin was 0.36ng/ml [95%CI] (0.23-0.49, P<0.00001) higher compared with that in healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONS

Significantly higher levels of serum vaspin were observed in obese subjects and T2DM patients.