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Hu X, Li H, Yang M, Chen Y, Zeng A, Wu J, Zhang J, Tian Y, Tang J, Qian S, Wu M. Effect of Long Non-coding RNA and DNA Methylation on Gene Expression in Dental Fluorosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:221-232. [PMID: 37059921 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In the process of tooth development, the interaction between genetic information, epigenetic inheritance, and environment jointly affects the teeth formation. At present, the mechanism of dental fluorosis is rarely studied from transcriptomics, and there is no report on epigenetic perspective. In the study, SD rats were randomly divided into dental fluorosis group and control group fed with NaF (150 mg/L) or distilled water for 8 weeks. After 3.5 days of birth, the RNAs or DNA of rat mandibular molars were detected by RNA-seq or MethylTarget, respectively. The results demonstrated that a total of 1723 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2511 differential expression lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were mainly involved in the ion channels, calcium ion transport, and immunomodulatory signaling pathways. ATP2C1 and Nr1d1, which were related to Ca2+ transport, cellular calcium homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunity, may be the key genes in the formation of dental fluorosis. Notably, we also found that the immune response plays an important role in the formation of dental fluorosis, and a large amount of DEGs was enriched in immune regulation and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, the methylation levels of 13 sites were increased in Ago4, Atf3, Atp2c1, Dusp1, Habp4, and Mycl, while methylation levels of 5 CpG sites decreased in Ago4, Atp2c1, Habp4, and Traf6, and conformably, the expression of these genes have been significantly changed. This study comprehensively analyzed the occurrence mechanism of dental fluorosis from transcriptomics and epigenetics, so as to provide theoretical reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Huiru Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Minzhi Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Yujiong Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Ailin Zeng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Shengyan Qian
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Mingsong Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China.
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563006, China.
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2
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Laberge S, Akoum D, Wlodarczyk P, Massé JD, Fournier D, Semlali A. The Potential Role of Epigenetic Modifications on Different Facets in the Periodontal Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1202. [PMID: 37372382 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. In the literature, the association between the pathogenicity of bacteria and environmental factors in this regard have been extensively examined. In the present study, we will shed light on the potential role that epigenetic change can play on different facets of its process, more particularly the modifications concerning the genes involved in inflammation, defense, and immune systems. Since the 1960s, the role of genetic variants in the onset and severity of periodontal disease has been widely demonstrated. These make some people more susceptible to developing it than others. It has been documented that the wide variation in its frequency for various racial and ethnic populations is due primarily to the complex interplay among genetic factors with those affecting the environment and the demography. In molecular biology, epigenetic modifications are defined as any change in the promoter for the CpG islands, in the structure of the histone protein, as well as post-translational regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), being known to contribute to the alteration in gene expression for complex multifactorial diseases such as periodontitis. The key role of epigenetic modification is to understand the mechanism involved in the gene-environment interaction, and the development of periodontitis is now the subject of more and more studies that attempt to identify which factors are stimulating it, but also affect the reduced response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laberge
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Akoum
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Piotr Wlodarczyk
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Massé
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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3
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Vatsa PP, Jindal Y, Bhadwalkar J, Chamoli A, Upadhyay V, Mandoli A. Role of epigenetics in OSCC: an understanding above genetics. Med Oncol 2023; 40:122. [PMID: 36941511 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is categorized under head and neck cancer that frequently develops from squamous cells hence also known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although molecular markers for oral cavity cancer are already known, epigenetic signatures for the same haven't been explored much. Epigenetic and genetic alterations were initially thought to be discrete mechanisms driving the tumour but the whole exome sequencing of various cancers has revealed the interdependency of epigenetics and genetic alterations. The reversible nature of these epigenetic changes makes them an alluring target for cancer therapeutics. The primary epigenetic alterations in cancer include DNA methylation and histone modifications. These alterations are useful for patient early detection and prognostication. This review summarizes the epigenetic perspective to understand the etiology, epigenetic biomarkers, and epi-drugs for better predictive diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Vatsa
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Yogita Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Janhavi Bhadwalkar
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ambika Chamoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Vinal Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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4
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Chen H, Huang Z, Chen C. The Role of Histone Acetylation Modification in Dental Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Odontogenesis. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:11-19. [PMID: 36594932 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis is a complex physiological process that is based on dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dental tissue-derived MSCs are the stem cell populations isolated and characterized from different parts of the oral cavity, and are considered as promising candidates for stem cell-based therapy. During odontogenesis, epigenetic factors can influence the proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis of dental tissue-derived MSCs. As one of the epigenetic modifications, histone acetylation modification is critical for the proper regulation of many biological processes, including transcriptional regulation of cell cycle progression and cell fate. In odontogenesis, histone acetylation and deacetylation play crucial roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental tissue-derived MSCs. In this review, we aim to outline the general features of acetylation modification and describe their roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental tissue-derived MSCs, as well as their future implications in the field of novel regenerative therapies for the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijing Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxiao Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Uttamani JR, Naqvi AR, Estepa AMV, Kulkarni V, Brambila MF, Martínez G, Chapa G, Wu CD, Li W, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Nares S. Downregulation of miRNA-26 in chronic periodontitis interferes with innate immune responses and cell migration by targeting phospholipase C beta 1. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:102-113. [PMID: 36054706 PMCID: PMC10087579 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the potential role of miR-26 family members in periodontal pathogenesis by assessing innate immune responses to periopathic bacteria and regulation of cytoskeletal organization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p was quantified in gingival biopsies derived from healthy and periodontally diseased subjects before and after non-surgical (scaling and root planing) therapy by RT-qPCR. Global pathway analysis and luciferase assays were performed for target identification and validation. Cytokine expression was assessed in miR-26a-5p transfected human oral keratinocytes upon stimulation with either live Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or Pg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Wound closure assays were performed in cells transfected with miR-26a-5p, while the impact on cytoskeletal organization was assessed by F-actin staining. RESULTS miR-26a-5p and miR-26b-5p were downregulated in diseased gingiva and restored 4-6 weeks post-therapy to levels comparable with healthy subjects. Target validation assays identified phospholipase C beta 1 as a bona fide novel target exhibiting antagonistic expression pattern in disease and post-therapy cohorts. miR-26a-5p transfected cells secreted higher levels of cytokine/chemokines upon stimulation with periopathogens and demonstrated impaired cell migration and cytoskeletal rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS Downregulated miR-26a-5p levels in periodontal inflammation may interfere with key cellular functions that may have significant implications for host defence and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi R Uttamani
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Varun Kulkarni
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria F Brambila
- Posgrado de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gloria Martínez
- Posgrado de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Chapa
- Posgrado de Periodoncia, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Christine D Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sona Rivas-Tumanyan
- Office of Assistant Dean for Research and Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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6
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Wojciech Tynior, Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk. A Brief Landscape of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Dental Pathologies. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Barranca-Enríquez A, Romo-González T. Your health is in your mouth: A comprehensive view to promote general wellness. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:971223. [PMID: 36186536 PMCID: PMC9515542 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.971223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though various studies recognize the importance of the oral cavity to have general health, in multidisciplinary professional practice it is almost always excluded and on an individual basis, very commonly neglected. Oral diseases are preventable, still, they are highly prevalent. Although some studies consider oral health within integral health, currently, there is no model in which the mouth is integrated within other levels for the achievement of well-being. The objective of this article was to review the importance of oral health and its connection with well-being and, based on these findings, propose a complex and comprehensive perspective for approach and care. Methods The databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were revised for randomized controlled trials and reviews that included search terms related to oral health and its relationship with the general health in its different levels (physical, psychological, social and environmental). Results The review shows that oral health is critical, as the teeth and mouth are not only an integral part of the body, but also, they also support and enable essential human functions. That is, oral health has a multidimensional nature, as it includes the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains that are essential for overall health and well-being. Likewise, the mouth is the psychological seat of the first physiological needs and emotional gratifications, with it we take a taste of the world around us. Thus, the mouth plays an important role in the feeling of unity and in the constitution of the self. Based on these results we propose an integrative model in which the mouth is the first step for well-being and from this integrative model we build a multidisciplinary approach which could be used in the clinical practice for the promotion of oral care and general health. Conclusion The effort on the part of oral health professionals is essential for people's well-being and must be integrated as part of health promotion. Dental treatments alone cannot solve this problem, it requires a comprehensive and approach in which the bio-psychological, behavioral, and socio-environmental determinants are included to face this global oral health challenge. That is, without a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to medical science that includes dental and oral health, our public policies cannot provide the best answers to health promotion, disease prevention, early detection, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Romo-González
- Área de Biología y Salud Integral, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Correspondence: Tania Romo González
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8
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Korkmaz IN, Özdemir H. Synthesis and Anticancer Potential of New Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives as Chemotherapeutic Agents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6349-6366. [PMID: 35917102 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to induce differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis due to their low toxicity, inhibiting migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in many cancer cells. Studies show that hydroxamic acids are generally used as anticancers. For this reason, it is aimed to synthesize new derivatives of hydroxamic acids, to examine the anticancer properties of these candidate inhibitors, and to investigate the inhibition effects on some enzymes that cause multidrug resistance in cancer cells. For this reason, new (4-amino-2-methoxy benzohydroxamic acid (a), 4-amino-3-methyl benzohydroxamic acid (b), 3-amino-5-methyl benzohydroxamic acid (c)) amino benzohydroxamic acid derivatives were synthesized in this study. The effects on healthy fibroblast, lung (A549), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells were investigated. In addition, their effects on TRXR1, GST, and GR activities, which are important for the development of chemotherapeutic strategies, were also examined. It was determined that molecule b was the most effective molecule in HeLa cancer cells with the lowest IC50 value of 0.54. It was determined that molecule c was the most effective molecules for A549 and HeLa cancer cells, with the lowest IC50 values of 0.78 mM and 0.25 mM, respectively. It was determined that b and c molecules directed cancer cells to necrosis rather than apoptosis. c molecule showed anticancer effect in A549 and HeLa cancer cells. It was found that molecule c significantly suppressed both GR and TRXR1 activities. In GST activities, however, inhibitors did not have a significant effect on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Nihan Korkmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Hasan Özdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
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9
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Larsson L, Kavanagh NM, Nguyen TVN, Castilho RM, Berglundh T, Giannobile WV. Influence of epigenetics on periodontitis and peri-implantitis pathogenesis. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:125-137. [PMID: 35913702 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease characterized by tooth-associated microbial biofilms that drive chronic inflammation and destruction of periodontal-supporting tissues. In some individuals, disease progression can lead to tooth loss. A similar condition can occur around dental implants in the form of peri-implantitis. The immune response to bacterial challenges is not only influenced by genetic factors, but also by environmental factors. Epigenetics involves the study of gene function independent of changes to the DNA sequence and its associated proteins, and represents a critical link between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to contribute to the progression of several diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This review aims to present the latest findings on epigenetic influences on periodontitis and to discuss potential mechanisms that may influence peri-implantitis, given the paucity of information currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nolan M Kavanagh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trang V N Nguyen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine and Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Li Q, Yan RF, Yang YX, Mi CL, Jia YL, Wang TY. Stabilizing and Anti-Repressor Elements Effectively Increases Transgene Expression in Transfected CHO Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:840600. [PMID: 35721852 PMCID: PMC9199445 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.840600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are currently the most widely used host cells for recombinant therapeutic protein (RTP) production. Currently, the RTP yields need to increase further to meet the market needs and reduce costs. In this study, three stabilizing and anti-repressor (SAR) elements from the human genome were selected, including human SAR7, SAR40, and SAR44 elements. SAR elements were cloned upstream of the promoter in the eukaryotic vector, followed by transfection into CHO cells, and were screened under G418 pressure. Flow cytometry was used to detect enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression levels. The gene copy numbers and mRNA expression levels were determined through quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the effect of the stronger SAR elements on adalimumab was investigated. The results showed that transgene expression levels in the SAR-containing vectors were higher than that of the control vector, and SAR7 and SAR40 significantly increased and maintained the long-term expression of the transgene in CHO cells. In addition, the transgene expression level increase was related with gene copy numbers and mRNA expression levels. Collectively, SAR elements can enhance the transgene expression and maintain the long-term expression of a transgene in transfected CHO cells, which may be used to increase recombinant protein production in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui-Fang Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chun-Liu Mi
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan-Long Jia
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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11
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Yamunadevi A, Pratibha R, Rajmohan M, Mahendraperumal S, Ganapathy N. Basics of Epigenetics and Role of Epigenetics in Diabetic Complications. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S336-S343. [PMID: 34447105 PMCID: PMC8375876 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_771_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “Epigenetics” includes mechanisms by which genetic expression is altered without a change in the underlying DNA sequence. The changes caused by epigenetic mechanisms are inheritable and are one way in direction (irreversible) and also explains why there is differences in genetic expressions of monozygotic twins. The epigenetic mechanisms alter the genetic expressions through DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone, and noncoding RNAs. DNA methylation and histone PTMs cause relaxation or condensation of chromatin units. The epigenetic actions of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs act by modifying transcription factors or by degrading target messenger RNAs and their translation factors. Various pathologies and environmental factors cause changes in the cellular epigenetic mechanisms and the epigenetic alterations occurring in diabetes mellitus (DM) are reviewed. DM causes hemodynamic changes and metabolic changes like hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. These changes induce oxidative stress and activate intracellular signaling and kinases in the target cells. Epigenetic alterations cause chromatin remodeling and altered gene expression leading to inflammation, proliferation, atrophy, hypertrophy, etc.; thereby, diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, vasculitis result in the corresponding target organ. When these epigenetic alterations persist for a longer period without intervention, the target cells attain “metabolic memory” meaning that these epigenetic mutations cannot be reversed even after attaining normal blood glucose levels. Thus, epigenetics, an insightful and efficient tool in genomic research, has started crawling into the research arena and needs to reach leaps and bounds for the better understanding of health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andamuthu Yamunadevi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramani Pratibha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthusamy Rajmohan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottaiyan Mahendraperumal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalliappan Ganapathy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Emfietzoglou R, Pachymanolis E, Piperi C. Impact of Epigenetic Alterations in the Development of Oral Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1091-1103. [PMID: 31942842 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200114114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mechanisms alter gene expression and regulate vital cellular processes that contribute to the onset and progression of major dental diseases. Their reversible character may prove beneficial for therapeutic targeting. This review aims to provide an update on the main epigenetic changes that contribute to the pathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), pulpitis and periodontitis as well as dental caries and congenital orofacial malformations, in an effort to identify potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) for peer-reviewed epigenetic research studies focused on oral diseases in the last ten years. A qualitative content analysis was performed in screened papers and a critical discussion of main findings is provided. RESULTS Several epigenetic modifications have been associated with OSCC pathogenesis, including promoter methylation of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and proliferation leading to malignant transformation. Additionally, epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, overexpression of histone chaperones and several microRNAs are implicated in OSCC aggressiveness. Changes in the methylation patterns of IFN-γ and trimethylation of histone Η3Κ27 have been detected in pulpitis, along with an aberrant expression of several microRNAs, mainly affecting cytokine production. Chronic periodontal disease has been associated with modifications in the methylation patterns of Toll-Like Receptor 2, Prostaglandin synthase 2, E-cadherin and some inflammatory cytokines, along with the overexpression of miR-146a and miR155. Furthermore, DNA methylation was found to regulate amelogenesis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dental caries as well as in several congenital orofacial malformations. CONCLUSION Strong evidence indicates that epigenetic changes participate in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and epigenetic targeting may be considered as a complementary therapeutic scheme to the current management of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodopi Emfietzoglou
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Pachymanolis
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Jiang Y, Fu J, Du J, Luo Z, Guo L, Xu J, Liu Y. DNA methylation alterations and their potential influence on macrophage in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2020; 28:249-263. [PMID: 32989880 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how various methylation mechanisms function and affect macrophages in periodontitis, with an aim of getting a comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis of the disease. SUBJECT Alterations in DNA methylation are associated with different periodontitis susceptible factors and disrupt immunity homeostasis. The host's immune response to stimulus plays a vital role in the progression of periodontitis. Macrophages are key immune cells of immune system. They act as critical regulators in maintaining issue homeostasis with their nature of high plasticity. The altered methylation status of genes may cause abnormal expression of proteins in the progress of periodontitis, thus, exert potential influence on macrophages. RESULTS Certain genes are selectively activated or silenced due to the changes in the methylation status, which causes the alteration of the expression level of cytokines/chemokines, signal molecules, extracellular matrix molecules, leads to the change in local microenvironment, affects activation states of immune cells including macrophages, thus influences the host immune response during periodontitis.. This results in differential susceptibility and therapeutic outcome. CONCLUSION DNA methylation alteration may cause aberrant expression level of genes associated with periodontal diseases, thus results in deregulation of macrophages, which supports the prospect of using DNA methylation-related parameter as a new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Jiang
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingfei Fu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Zaccara IM, Mestieri LB, Pilar EFS, Moreira MS, Grecca FS, Martins MD, Kopper PMP. Photobiomodulation therapy improves human dental pulp stem cell viability and migration in vitro associated to upregulation of histone acetylation. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:741-749. [PMID: 32095920 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the role of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on viability and migration of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its association to epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation. The hDPSCs were characterized and assigned into control and PBMT groups. For the PBMT, five laser irradiations at 6-h intervals were performed using a continuous-wave InGaAlP diode laser. Viability (MTT), migration (scratch), and histone acetylation H3 (H3K9ac immunofluorescence) were evaluated immediately after the last irradiation. PBMT significantly increased the viability (P = 0.004). Also, PBMT group showed significantly increased migration of cells in the wound compared to the control in 6 h (P = 0.002), 12 h (P = 0.014) and 18 h (P = 0.083) being faster than the control, which only finished the process at 24 h. PBMT induced epigenetic modifications in hDPSC due to increased histone acetylation (P = 0.001). PBMT increased viability and migration of hDPSCs, which are related with the upregulation of histone acetylation and could be considered a promising adjuvant therapy for regenerative endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana M Zaccara
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Mestieri
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Emily F S Pilar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Clinics Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria S Moreira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Ibirapuera University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S Grecca
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Manoela D Martins
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Dentistry Graduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
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15
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Gomaa N, Tenenbaum H, Glogauer M, Quiñonez C. The Biology of Social Adversity Applied to Oral Health. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1442-1449. [PMID: 31547748 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519876559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological embodiment is a concept derived from Engel's biopsychosocial model to health, theorized as the process by which adverse social exposures trigger neuroendocrine and immune responses, leading to disease and/or increased disease susceptibility. This critical review discusses the biopsychosocial model as applied to oral health and its relevance to oral health policy while deciphering some of the pathobiological processes underlying social adversity. In periodontal disease, for example, such processes can occur via the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the consequent release of the chronic stress hormone cortisol. The latter contributes to a proinflammatory immune state that increases the risk for periodontal inflammation. Recent research shows that cortisol relates to an elevated oral inflammatory load, demonstrated as hyperactive neutrophils that are pivotal to periodontal tissue damage. Consistent with the biopsychosocial model, this relationship is amplified in those of lower income and higher financial stress. Similarly, among children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, cortisol is linked to a higher cariogenic bacterial load. Such findings implicate the stress pathway as key in the oral pathogenic process, particularly under social/socioeconomic adversity. Collectively, this work emphasizes the importance of addressing social factors in alleviating oral disease burden and reducing the social gaps therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gomaa
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Tenenbaum
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Glogauer
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Quiñonez
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Mo Z, Li Q, Cai L, Zhan M, Xu Q. The effect of DNA methylation on the miRNA expression pattern in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in human dental pulp cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:11-18. [PMID: 30952010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic infection is a widespread oral problem. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification that plays important roles in various inflammatory responses, but its role in dental pulp inflammation is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and found that DNMT3B mRNA expression was reduced and DNMT1 mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly. Pretreatment with the DNMT inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated hDPCs, indicating that DNA methylation may play a role in hDPC inflammation. Studies have reported that some microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in dental pulp infection. DNA methylation can modulate the inflammatory response by regulating miRNA expression, but this phenomenon has not yet been reported in pulp inflammation. The present study used next-generation sequencing to examine the effect of 5-Aza-CdR on the miRNA expression profile of LPS-treated hDPCs, and the results showed that 5-Aza-CdR pretreatment changed the miRNA expression pattern in hDPCs during inflammation. Among the changed miRNAs, miR-146a-5p, which is a pulp inflammation-related miRNA, demonstrated the most noticeably altered expression. miR-146a-5p could be induced by LPS in hDPCs, and 5-Aza-CdR preincubation or DNMT1 knockdown markedly increased its expression level. However, no significant difference was found in the methylation pattern of the MIR146A promoter with 5-Aza-CdR pretreatment or DNMT1 knockdown in LPS-stimulated hDPCs. These results indicate that DNA methylation may regulate the LPS-induced inflammatory response by changing the miRNA expression in hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Mo
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qimeng Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luhui Cai
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minkang Zhan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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17
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One-Carbon Metabolism Links Nutrition Intake to Embryonic Development via Epigenetic Mechanisms. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3894101. [PMID: 30956668 PMCID: PMC6431457 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3894101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond energy production, nutrient metabolism plays a crucial role in stem cell lineage determination. Changes in metabolism based on nutrient availability and dietary habits impact stem cell identity. Evidence suggests a strong link between metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms occurring during embryonic development and later life of offspring. Metabolism regulates epigenetic mechanisms such as modifications of DNA, histones, and microRNAs. In turn, these epigenetic mechanisms regulate metabolic pathways to modify the metabolome. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a crucial metabolic process involving transfer of the methyl groups leading to regulation of multiple cellular activities. OCM cycles and its related micronutrients are ubiquitously present in stem cells and feed into the epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we briefly introduce the OCM process and involved micronutrients and discuss OCM-associated epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs. We further consider the underlying OCM-mediated link between nutrition and epigenetic modifications in embryonic development.
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18
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Abstract
Purpose The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the recent findings on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal disease, including disease susceptibility, progression, and as potential treatment options. Recent Findings The findings on the influence of oral pathogens on epigenetic regulation of pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest an important role for epigenetics in the regulation of the host immune response. Recent studies also show that the epigenetic pattern in periodontitis lesions differ from that of healthy and gingivitis tissue. In addition, these patterns differ between tissues in the same individual. Research is also indicating a role for both DNA methylation and histone acetylation on cells osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Summary Knowledge of epigenetic pattern in periodontal diseases may add not only to the knowledge of susceptibility of the disease but may also be a diagnostic tool to identify patients at risk to develop the severe form of periodontitis. In addition, recent research within gene therapy and tissue engineering indicate a role for epigenetics also to improve regeneration of periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Bayarsaihan D. Deciphering the Epigenetic Code in Embryonic and Dental Pulp Stem Cells. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:539-563. [PMID: 28018144 PMCID: PMC5168831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A close cooperation between chromatin states, transcriptional modulation, and epigenetic modifications is required for establishing appropriate regulatory circuits underlying self-renewal and differentiation of adult and embryonic stem cells. A growing body of research has established that the epigenome topology provides a structural framework for engaging genes in the non-random chromosomal interactions to orchestrate complex processes such as cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion and cell migration during lineage commitment. Over the past few years, the functional dissection of the epigenetic landscape has become increasingly important for understanding gene expression dynamics in stem cells naturally found in most tissues. Adult stem cells of the human dental pulp hold great promise for tissue engineering, particularly in the skeletal and tooth regenerative medicine. It is therefore likely that progress towards pulp regeneration will have a substantial impact on the clinical research. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding epigenetic cues that have evolved to regulate the pluripotent differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells and the lineage determination of developing dental pulp progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashzeveg Bayarsaihan
- Institute for System Genomics and Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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21
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Ari G, Cherukuri S, Namasivayam A. Epigenetics and Periodontitis: A Contemporary Review. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE07-ZE09. [PMID: 28050521 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/21025.8864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by infection and inflammation of the tooth supporting structures. Few signs of susceptibility and recurrence after treatment are seen due to the outgrowth of various pathogenic microorganisms. Many studies have been done to understand the genetic basis of periodontal disease. An increased risk for periodontitis has been shown with the variations in genes related to the inflammatory response. Interestingly, some of the genes regulated by epigenetic modifications are modified in response to environmental stimuli. Conditions such as cancer, autoimmune or inflammatory diseases have been dispensed by epigenetic mechanisms. The understanding of these molecular mechanisms and the early detection of susceptibility may guide in future periodontal disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Ari
- Reader, Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Cherukuri
- Postgraduate Student, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ambalavanan Namasivayam
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Hui T, Wang C, Chen D, Zheng L, Huang D, Ye L. Epigenetic regulation in dental pulp inflammation. Oral Dis 2016; 23:22-28. [PMID: 26901577 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries, trauma, and other possible factors could lead to injury of the dental pulp. Dental infection could result in immune and inflammatory responses mediated by molecular and cellular events and tissue breakdown. The inflammatory response of dental pulp could be regulated by genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in gene expression. The epigenetic events might play critical roles in the inflammatory process of dental pulp injury. Major epigenetic events include methylation and acetylation of histones and regulatory factors, DNA methylation, and small non-coding RNAs. Infections and other environmental factors have profound effects on epigenetic modifications and trigger diseases. Despite growing evidences of literatures addressing the role of epigenetics in the field of medicine and biology, very little is known about the epigenetic pathways involved in dental pulp inflammation. This review summarized the current knowledge about epigenetic mechanisms during dental pulp inflammation. Progress in studies of epigenetic alterations during inflammatory response would provide opportunities for the development of efficient medications of epigenetic therapy for pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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23
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Fernando S, Speicher DJ, Bakr MM, Benton MC, Lea RA, Scuffham PA, Mihala G, Johnson NW. Protocol for assessing maternal, environmental and epigenetic risk factors for dental caries in children. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:167. [PMID: 26715445 PMCID: PMC4696221 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expenditure on dental and oral health services in Australia is $3.4 billion AUD annually. This is the sixth highest health cost and accounts for 7 % of total national health expenditure. Approximately 49 % of Australian children aged 6 years have caries experience in their deciduous teeth and this is rising. The aetiology of dental caries involves a complex interplay of individual, behavioural, social, economic, political and environmental conditions, and there is increasing interest in genetic predisposition and epigenetic modification. Methods The Oral Health Sub-study; a cross sectional study of a birth cohort began in November 2012 by examining mothers and their children who were six years old by the time of initiation of the study, which is ongoing. Data from detailed questionnaires of families from birth onwards and data on mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards oral health collected at the time of clinical examination are used. Subjects’ height, weight and mid-waist circumference are taken and Body Mass Index (BMI) computed, using an electronic Bio-Impedance balance. Dental caries experience is scored using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Saliva is collected for physiological measures. Salivary Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) is extracted for genetic studies including epigenetics using the SeqCap Epi Enrichment Kit. Targets of interest are being confirmed by pyrosequencing to identify potential epigenetic markers of caries risk. Discussion This study will examine a wide range of potential determinants for childhood dental caries and evaluate inter-relationships amongst them. The findings will provide an evidence base to plan and implement improved preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surani Fernando
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia. .,Population and Social Health Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - David J Speicher
- Molecular Basis of Disease Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mahmoud M Bakr
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia. .,Molecular Basis of Disease Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Miles C Benton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Paul A Scuffham
- Population and Social Health Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gabor Mihala
- Population and Social Health Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Population and Social Health Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia. .,Molecular Basis of Disease Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
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24
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Harraghy N, Calabrese D, Fisch I, Girod PA, LeFourn V, Regamey A, Mermod N. Epigenetic regulatory elements: Recent advances in understanding their mode of action and use for recombinant protein production in mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:967-78. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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