1
|
DOLIN A, SCHWEIGER P, WASELAU M, EGERBACHER M, WALTER I. Immunohistochemical markers for equine granulosa cell tumors: a pilot study. J Equine Sci 2023; 34:37-46. [PMID: 37405069 PMCID: PMC10315638 DOI: 10.1294/jes.34.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs), generally referred to as granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) or granulosa-theca cell tumors (GTCTs) in equids, show complex compositions and variable numbers of hormone-producing cells. These tumors can be difficult to diagnose, especially in early stages. Therefore, we tested a panel of antibodies for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, laminin, Ki-67, E-cadherin, calretinin, moesin, p-ezrin, AMH, and aromatase, markers used for tumor composition and classification, progression, and prognosis in human SCSTs, on an exemplary grapefruit-size equine GCT within the left ovary of a 13-year-old mare with stallion-like behavior and elevated testosterone levels in comparison with normal ovarian tissue. The tumor showed a low proliferation rate and prominent moesin and p-ezrin staining in granulosa cells. E-cadherin, calretinin, aromatase, and AMH are suggested to be potential markers for different cell components of equine SCSTs that can support tumor diagnosis and classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin WASELAU
- Equine Hospital Aschheim, Equine Diagnostic
Center Munich, 85609 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika EGERBACHER
- Administrative Unit Veterinary Medicine, UMIT
TIROL-Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology GmbH,
6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Ingrid WALTER
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of
Morphology, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim YS, Lee JH. A case report of ovarian granulosa cell tumor in patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28261. [PMID: 34918698 PMCID: PMC10545264 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) account for less than 2% of all ovarian malignancies and are the second most common ovarian sex cord stromal tumors after fibroma/thecomas.GCTs occur most frequently in postmenopausal women with a peak age of 50 to 55, are usually diagnosed in their early stages, and have a good prognosis. GCTs usually present with features of hyperestrogenism, with an average size is 10 to 15 cm. PATIENT CONCERNS A 31-year-old nulligravida diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) 10 years prior, had a 20-mm mass in her right ovary found on ultrasonography 2 years ago. She had been taking dienogest 2 mg for 2 years for a misdiagnosed endometrioma, but over a 2-year course, the mass increased to 50 mm. DIAGNOSES An ultrasound scan revealed a 47 × 37-mm round solid mass in the right ovary with a spongiform appearance and little vascularity. The pathologic findings showed an adult-type granulosa cell tumor with necrosis and hemorrhage. The tissue stained positive for inhibin-α, Wilms' tumor-1, CD56, and negative for cytokeratin 7. INTERVENTIONS We finally performed right salpingo-oophorectomy, endometrial biopsy, peritoneal biopsy, and partial omentectomy. The pathological findings were adult-type granulosa cell tumor. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging was IA. The patient did not require additional treatment. OUTCOMES Surprisingly, her normal menstruation returned 2 weeks after the operation, and she had a normal pregnancy and parturition. The patient had been followed-up regularly for 3 years following the surgery. The patient has not experienced any complications and has remained disease-free. LESSONS GCTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis if a female patient with PCOS and amenorrhea shows a unilateral small solid mass. They are extremely rare malignant ovarian tumors that must be differentiated from other benign ovarian tumors, especially endometriomas and dermoid cysts. It was difficult for us to suspect a granulosa cell tumor because the patient already had PCOS symptoms such as mild hirsutism and amenorrhea. This case highlights the importance of physicians being aware of and suspicious for GCTs in similar cases, along with knowing their characteristics in considering possible differential diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun S. Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji H. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agius T, Gatt M, Falzon D, Babic D. A complex case of a granulosa cell tumour. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e242224. [PMID: 34920995 PMCID: PMC8686012 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case of a 73-year-old woman who first presented in 2020 with a fullness in her abdomen. After several thorough investigations and unforeseen complications, the fullness was diagnosed as a granulosa cell tumour. In 2003, she had been diagnosed with a granulosa cell tumour of the ovary. Complete excision was performed, however she was not given a follow-up appointment after the procedure. This case highlights the importance of frequent follow-up of these tumours, the high recurrence rate, the severe complications which may result and the awareness of possible variations in this tumour's histologic appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Agius
- General Surgery, Mater Dei Hospital, L-Imsida, Malta, Malta
| | | | | | - Darko Babic
- Histopathology, Mater Dei Hospital, L-Imsida, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laios A, Tan YS, Pathak D, Weston M, Anderson J, Munot S, Nugent D, Theophilou G. Granulosa cell ovarian cancer with synchronous multiple bone metastases: case report of extreme rarity. TUMORI JOURNAL 2021; 107:NP54-NP58. [PMID: 33745391 DOI: 10.1177/03008916211001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) of the ovary generally has a good prognosis. Recurrences tend to be late and confined to the abdominopelvis. Bone metastases are extremely rare. We report an extremely rare case of AGCT with synchronous multiple bone metastases and discuss diagnostic procedures and management. CASE DESCRIPTION A 35-year-old woman presented with abdominal bloating. On the day of surgery, acting on the complaint of right shoulder pain, an X-ray revealed a permeative lesion involving the neck of humerus, suggestive of a metastatic pathologic fracture. The patient underwent a full staging debulking surgery. Further imaging demonstrated multiple bone metastases. Histology confirmed an AGCT of the ovary. Diagnosis was established by a core bone biopsy from the left femur showing cells consistent with those seen with granulosa cell tumor. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent zoledronic acid as targeted therapy for her bone metastases. Endocrine systemic maintenance treatment was given. The patient rapidly deteriorated and died from her disease at 20 months from the initial diagnosis. CONCLUSION Unpredictable biological behavior and clinical manifestations raise a high degree of suspicion for accurate AGCT diagnosis. Management of bone metastases often warrants input from the multidisciplinary team, and treatment may involve chemotherapy, palliative radiotherapy, or orthopaedic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Laios
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Yong Sheng Tan
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Darshana Pathak
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Weston
- Department of Radiology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Juliette Anderson
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarika Munot
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - David Nugent
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - George Theophilou
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al Harbi R, McNeish IA, El-Bahrawy M. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors: an update on clinical features, molecular changes, and management. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:161-168. [PMID: 33414107 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex cord stromal-tumors are rare tumors of the ovary that include numerous tumor subtypes of variable histological features and biological behavior. Surgery is the main therapeutic modality for the management of these tumors, while chemotherapy and hormonal therapy may be used in some patients with progressive and recurrent tumors. Several studies investigated molecular changes in the different tumor types. Understanding molecular changes underlying the development and progression of sex cord-stromal tumors provides valuable information for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for these tumors. In this review, we provide an update on the clinical presentation, molecular changes, and management of sex cord-stromal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Al Harbi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhosale M, Kudrimoti J, Dangmali D. Hormone secreting juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary in an infant presenting with massive ascites and precocious pseudopuberty. CHRISMED JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_39_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
7
|
Gogola J, Hoffmann M, Nimpsz S, Ptak A. Disruption of 17β-estradiol secretion by persistent organic pollutants present in human follicular fluid is dependent on the potential of ovarian granulosa tumor cell lines to metabolize estrogen. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 503:110698. [PMID: 31891770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as perfluorooctanoate, perfluorooctane sulfonate, 2,2-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 are persistent pollutants that are found in human follicular fluid (FF). These compounds may affect endocrine function, disrupt steroid secretion by granulosa cells, and play a role in granulosa cell tumor (GCT) development. GCTs demonstrate endocrine activity, expressing aromatase and secreting 17β-estradiol (E2). We aimed to determine the effects of a mixture of EDCs, similar to that found in human FF, on human granulosa tumor cell lines representing the juvenile (JGCT) and adult (AGCT) forms (COV434 and KGN cells, respectively). We found that all the individual compounds and mixtures tested altered granulosa tumor cell function by disrupting E2 secretion. In KGN cells, which possess significantly higher basal aromatase gene expression, and therefore secrete more E2 than JGCT cells, EDC mixtures activated estrogen receptors (ERs) and G protein-coupled receptor-30 signaling, thereby stimulating E2 secretion, without affecting aromatase expression. By contrast, in COV434 cells, which demonstrate higher CYP1A1 expression, a key mediator of estrogen metabolism, than KGN cells, EDC mixtures reduced E2 secretion in parallel with increases in the 2-hydroxyestrogen 1/E2 ratio and CYP1A1 expression, implying an upregulation of E2 metabolism. These results indicate that the EDC mixture present in FF disrupts E2 secretion in JGCT and AGCT cells according to the estrogen metabolic potential of the cell type, involving both classical and non-classical ER pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gogola
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Samantha Nimpsz
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Ptak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
An Unusual Presentation of a Juvenile Granulosa-Cell Tumor. J Gynecol Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2018.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
9
|
Sonkusare S, Vishwanath S, Kaur P, Murthi P, Krishnapriya. Occult Gallbladder Carcinoma Presenting as a Primary Ovarian Tumour: a Case Report and Review of Literature. Indian J Surg Oncol 2018; 9:618-621. [PMID: 30538402 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-018-0786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovary is a common site of metastasis from various organs. However, little is known about gallbladder carcinoma metastasising to the ovaries and presenting as a primary ovarian tumour. We report a case of a metastatic gallbladder carcinoma which mimicked a primary ovarian tumour in a 31-year-old woman who presented with menstrual symptoms and an ovarian mass without obvious signs and symptoms related to gallbladder carcinoma. Postoperatively histopathological examination diagnosed primary ovarian germ cell tumour for further chemotherapy. However, postoperative re-evaluation with radiology suggested the possibility of a primary gallbladder carcinoma. Exact diagnosis could only be made after repeat histopathological evaluation of the ovarian mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Sonkusare
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - S Vishwanath
- 2Department of Surgical Oncology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Prabhneet Kaur
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Pujitha Murthi
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Krishnapriya
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, 575018 India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women with gynaecological malignancies. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 40:134-147. [PMID: 27856158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal vaginal bleeding is a common gynaecological symptom, and most causes are benign. International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics proposed a PALM-COEIN classification in 2011 to decrease heterogeneity in studies. The gynaecological malignancies that present with abnormal bleeding vary according to the age of the patient and the origin (upper versus lower genital tract). It is important that a thorough history and examination is performed to make this distinction. The common malignancies presenting symptoms and treatment are discussed in this article according to the age of the patient. There is a considerable overlap between the reproductive age and menopause. This article focuses on children, adolescents and women in the reproductive age group.
Collapse
|
11
|
Anandpara KM, Aswani Y, Thakkar H, Hira P, Sathe PA. Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumour of the Ovary with Unilocular Pure Cystic Presentation: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Pol J Radiol 2016; 81:120-4. [PMID: 27057263 PMCID: PMC4805138 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.896033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary are rare, hormonally active, oestrogen-secreting tumours of the ovary existing in two forms: the adult form and the even rarer juvenile form. These tumours present as predominantly solid lesions while the cystic, unilocular presentation is uncommon. Case Report We present an 18-year-old unmarried girl who presented with complaints of chronic pain, abdominal distension and presence of facial hair. Radiological examination revealed a large, purely cystic, unilocular lesion without any solid components, debris or septations. Histopathological diagnosis was of a juvenile granulosa cell tumour. Conclusions Radiological criteria suggestive of malignant ovarian masses include thick, irregular walls and septae; papillary projections and solid, echogenic foci. Nonetheless, we propose that a malignant ovarian lesion should be included in the differential diagnosis of a unilocular, purely cystic ovarian lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Manoj Anandpara
- Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Yashant Aswani
- Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemangini Thakkar
- Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Priya Hira
- Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Pragati A Sathe
- Department of Radiology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Z, Ren YA, Pangas SA, Adams J, Zhou W, Castrillon DH, Wilhelm D, Richards JS. FOXO1/3 and PTEN Depletion in Granulosa Cells Promotes Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor Development. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1006-24. [PMID: 26061565 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box (FOX), FOXO1 and FOXO3, transcription factors regulate multiple functions in mammalian cells. Selective inactivation of the Foxo1 and Foxo3 genes in murine ovarian granulosa cells severely impairs follicular development and apoptosis causing infertility, and as shown here, granulosa cell tumor (GCT) formation. Coordinate depletion of the tumor suppressor Pten gene in the Foxo1/3 strain enhanced the penetrance and onset of GCT formation. Immunostaining and Western blot analyses confirmed FOXO1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) depletion, maintenance of globin transcription factor (GATA) 4 and nuclear localization of FOXL2 and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 in the tumor cells, recapitulating results we observed in human adult GCTs. Microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of mouse GCTs further confirmed expression of specific genes (Foxl2, Gata4, and Wnt4) controlling granulosa cell fate specification and proliferation, whereas others (Emx2, Nr0b1, Rspo1, and Wt1) were suppressed. Key genes (Amh, Bmp2, and Fshr) controlling follicle growth, apoptosis, and differentiation were also suppressed. Inhbb and Grem1 were selectively elevated, whereas reduction of Inha provided additional evidence that activin signaling and small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 phosphorylation impact GCT formation. Unexpectedly, markers of Sertoli/epithelial cells (SRY [sex determining region Y]-box 9/keratin 8) and alternatively activated macrophages (chitinase 3-like 3) were elevated in discrete subpopulations within the mouse GCTs, indicating that Foxo1/3/Pten depletion not only leads to GCTs but also to altered granulosa cell fate decisions and immune responses. Thus, analyses of the Foxo1/3/Pten mouse GCTs and human adult GCTs provide strong evidence that impaired functions of the FOXO1/3/PTEN pathways lead to dramatic changes in the molecular program within granulosa cells, chronic activin signaling in the presence of FOXL2 and GATA4, and tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Liu
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yi A Ren
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie A Pangas
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jaye Adams
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Zhou
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dagmar Wilhelm
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology (Z.L., Y.A.R., S.A.P., J.A., J.S.R.), Pathology and Immunology (S.A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, and Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology (W.Z.), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Pathology (D.H.C.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.W.), Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang PH, Sun HD, Lin H, Wang KL, Liou WS, Hung YC, Chiang YC, Lu CH, Lai HC, Chang TC. Outcome of patients with recurrent adult-type granulosa cell tumors – A Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:253-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
14
|
Bilandzic M, Wang Y, Ahmed N, Luwor RB, Zhu HJ, Findlay JK, Stenvers KL. Betaglycan blocks metastatic behaviors in human granulosa cell tumors by suppressing NFκB-mediated induction of MMP2. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Khosla D, Dimri K, Pandey AK, Mahajan R, Trehan R. Ovarian granulosa cell tumor: clinical features, treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 6:133-8. [PMID: 24741552 PMCID: PMC3978936 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.128475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background: Granulosa cell tumors are rare neoplasms characterized by long natural history and favorable prognosis. Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical presentation, treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors for patients of granulosa cell tumors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 patients of granulosa cell tumor of ovary from 2002 to 2011 was carried out. The records of all patients were analyzed to determine clinical presentation, treatment, survival, and prognostic factors. Results: The median age of the patients was 50 years (range, 17-71 years). Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. The median follow-up was 71.4 months (range, 21.6-149.9 months). The estimated 5 and 10 year overall survival (OS) was 84.6 and 72.5%, respectively. Event-free survival (EFS) was 76.5 and 52.9% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Advanced stage was significant independent poor prognostic indicator for both OS and EFS. Conclusion: Majority of the patients with granulosa cell tumors of the ovary present in early stage. Surgery is the primary treatment modality for granulosa cell tumors. Advanced stage and presence of residual disease were associated with inferior survival, but only prospective studies can ascertain their definite role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Khosla
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kislay Dimri
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Awadhesh K Pandey
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohit Mahajan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Romeeta Trehan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Massive ascites as the only sign of ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor in an adolescent: a case report and a review of the literature. Case Rep Oncol Med 2013; 2013:386725. [PMID: 23424695 PMCID: PMC3570947 DOI: 10.1155/2013/386725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian neoplasms are relatively rare in childhood and adolescence; only 5% to 8% of the cases are of sex cord stromal origin. Granulosa cell tumors are a group of estrogen producing sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary. They occur in 95% of the cases in adults, and only about 5% of the cases, which differ in histologic characteristics, are of juvenile type. A 13-year-old girl is reported who presented with massive abdominal distention and ascites. An abdominopelvic computed tomography scan showed a predominantly cystic mass lesion with septations arising from the left ovary. All tumor markers were normal, but serum inhibin level was increased. The patient underwent mass resection with salpingoophorectomy. Histopathology was compatible with the juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Interestingly, menarche was started in the patient soon after the surgery. To the best of our knowledge, massive ascites as the only clinical manifestation in the juvenile granulosa cell tumor has not reported as yet.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lindhardt Johansen M, Hagen CP, Johannsen TH, Main KM, Picard JY, Jørgensen A, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Juul A. Anti-müllerian hormone and its clinical use in pediatrics with special emphasis on disorders of sex development. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:198698. [PMID: 24367377 PMCID: PMC3866787 DOI: 10.1155/2013/198698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using measurements of circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in diagnosing and managing reproductive disorders in pediatric patients requires thorough knowledge on normative values according to age and gender. We provide age- and sex-specific reference ranges for the Immunotech assay and conversion factors for the DSL and Generation II assays. With this tool in hand, the pediatrician can use serum concentrations of AMH when determining the presence of testicular tissue in patients with bilaterally absent testes or more severe Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). Furthermore, AMH can be used as a marker of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) in both Turner Syndrome patients and in girls with cancer after treatment with alkylating gonadotoxic agents. Lastly, its usefulness has been proposed in the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian granulosa cell tumors and in the evaluation of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lindhardt Johansen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper P. Hagen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Holm Johannsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M. Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Yves Picard
- INSERM U782 Research Unit and Paris Sud University, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Anne Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, GR, 5064 Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Anders Juul:
| |
Collapse
|