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Daiber A, Hahad O, Andreadou I, Steven S, Daub S, Münzel T. Redox-related biomarkers in human cardiovascular disease - classical footprints and beyond. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101875. [PMID: 33541847 PMCID: PMC8113038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global epidemiological studies show that chronic non-communicable diseases such as atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders represent the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular disease such as ischemic heart disease is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and the socioeconomic health costs. Clinical and epidemiological data show an association of typical oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products, 3-nitrotyrosine or oxidized DNA/RNA bases with all major cardiovascular diseases. This supports the concept that the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by various sources (NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial respiratory chain) represents a hallmark of the leading cardiovascular comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. These reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can lead to oxidative damage but also adverse redox signaling at the level of kinases, calcium handling, inflammation, epigenetic control, circadian clock and proteasomal system. The in vivo footprints of these adverse processes (redox biomarkers) are discussed in the present review with focus on their clinical relevance, whereas the details of their mechanisms of formation and technical aspects of their detection are only briefly mentioned. The major categories of redox biomarkers are summarized and explained on the basis of suitable examples. Also the potential prognostic value of redox biomarkers is critically discussed to understand what kind of information they can provide but also what they cannot achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Carlsson ER, Fenger M, Henriksen T, Kjaer LK, Worm D, Hansen DL, Madsbad S, Poulsen HE. Reduction of oxidative stress on DNA and RNA in obese patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery-An observational cohort study of changes in urinary markers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243918. [PMID: 33315915 PMCID: PMC7735613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress in obesity and diabetes is associated with morbidity and mortality risks. Levels of oxidative damage to DNA and RNA can be estimated through measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) in urine. Both markers have been associated with type 2 diabetes, where especially 8-oxoGuo is prognostic for mortality risk. We hypothesized that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery that has considerable effects on bodyweight, hyperglycemia and mortality, might be working through mechanisms that reduce oxidative stress, thereby reducing levels of the urinary markers. We used liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the content of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo in urinary samples from 356 obese patients treated with the RYGB-procedure. Mean age (SD) was 44.2 (9.6) years, BMI was 42.1 (5.6) kg/m2. Ninety-six (27%) of the patients had type 2 diabetes. Excretion levels of each marker before and after surgery were compared as estimates of the total 24-hour excretion, using a model based on glomerular filtration rate (calculated from cystatin C, age, height and weight), plasma- and urinary creatinine. The excretion of 8-oxodG increased in the first months after RYGB. For 8-oxoGuo, a gradual decrease was seen. Two years after RYGB and a mean weight loss of 35 kg, decreased hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, excretion levels of both markers were reduced by approximately 12% (P < 0.001). For both markers, mean excretion levels were about 30% lower in the female subgroup (P < 0.0001). Also, in this subgroup, excretion of 8-oxodG was significantly lower in patients with than without diabetes. We conclude, that oxidative damage to nucleic acids, reflected in the excretion of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo, had decreased significantly two years after RYGB-indicating that reduced oxidative stress could be contributing to the many long-term benefits of RYGB-surgery in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Rebecka Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjaellands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Mogens Fenger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Trine Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Kofoed Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Worm
- Department of Medicine, Amager hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hatami M, Saidijam M, Yadegarzari R, Borzuei S, Soltanian A, Arian MS, Goodarzi MT. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γGene Expression and Its Association with Oxidative Stress in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Chonnam Med J 2016; 52:201-6. [PMID: 27689030 PMCID: PMC5040769 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2016.52.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene plays an important role in controlling the metabolism of lipids and inflammatory processes. Therefore, it can be associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of this gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was found in PBMC from 37 subjects with MetS and 30 healthy controls. Serum levels of glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) test. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined using a fluorimetric method. Total oxidant status (TOS) in serum was assayed according to oxidation of ferric to ferrous in the presence of methyl orange. Super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured using a Randox kit. Expression of PPAR-γ gene was significantly increased in patients with MetS compared to the control subjects (p=0.002). There was no difference in serum levels of TAC, MDA and SOD between the two study groups, but a significant difference was observed in the TOS (p=0.03). Serum levels of triglycerides and glucose were significantly higher in subjects with MetS. According to the results of our study, an increase in the expression of PPAR-γ in subjects with MetS indicated a possible role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Yadegarzari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shiva Borzuei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics, Health School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Safi Arian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Pastori D, Baratta F, Carnevale R, Cangemi R, Del Ben M, Bucci T, Polimeni L, Labbadia G, Nocella C, Scardella L, Pani A, Pignatelli P, Violi F, Angelico F. Similar Reduction of Cholesterol-Adjusted Vitamin E Serum Levels in Simple Steatosis and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2015; 6:e113. [PMID: 26426796 PMCID: PMC4816039 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Reduced vitamin E levels have been reported in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but no conclusive data on patients with simple steatosis (SS) are available. Aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin E levels and SS. Methods: A cohort of 312 patients with cardio-metabolic risk factors was screened for liver steatosis by ultrasonography (US). We reasonably classified as SS patients with US-fatty liver, normal liver function tests (LFTs) and with Cytokeratin 18 <246 mIU/ml. Liver biopsy was performed in 41 patients with US-fatty liver and persistent elevation of LFTs (>6 months). Serum cholesterol-adjusted vitamin E (Vit E/chol) levels were measured. Results: Mean age was 53.9±12.5 years and 38.4% were women. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was detected at US in 244 patients; of those 39 had biopsy-proven NASH and 2 borderline NASH. Vit E/chol was reduced in both SS (3.4±2.0, P<0.001), and NASH (3.5±2.1, P=0.006) compared with non-NAFLD patients (4.8±2.0 μmol/mmol chol). No difference was found between SS and NASH (P=0.785). After excluding patients with NASH, a multivariable logistic regression analysis found that Vit E/chol (odds ratio (OR): 0.716, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.602–0.851, P<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, OR: 1.093, 95% CI 1.029–1.161, P=0.004), body mass index (OR: 1.162, 95% CI 1.055–1.279, P=0.002) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 5.725, 95% CI 2.247–14.591, P<0.001) were factors independently associated with the presence of SS. Conclusions: Reduced vitamin E serum levels are associated with SS, with a similar reduction between patients with SS and NASH, compared with non-NAFLD patients. Our findings suggest that the potential benefit of vitamin E supplementation should be investigated also in patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Baratta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Polimeni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Labbadia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Scardella
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Polimeni L, Del Ben M, Baratta F, Perri L, Albanese F, Pastori D, Violi F, Angelico F. Oxidative stress: New insights on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1325-1336. [PMID: 26052378 PMCID: PMC4450196 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i10.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common and emerging chronic liver disease worldwide. It includes a wide spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to fibrosis and more severe liver complications such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver mortality. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, and is now regarded as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The increased mortality of patients with NAFLD is primarily a result of cardiovascular disease and, to a lesser extent, to liver related diseases. Increased oxidative stress has been reported in both patients with NAFLD and patient with cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, oxidative stress represents a shared pathophysiological disorder between the two conditions. Several therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress reduction in patients with NAFLD have been proposed, with conflicting results. In particular, vitamin E supplementation has been suggested for the treatment of non-diabetic, non-cirrhotic adults with active NASH, although this recommendation is based only on the results of a single randomized controlled trial. Other antioxidant treatments suggested are resveratrol, silybin, L-carnitine and pentoxiphylline. No trial so far, has evaluated the cardiovascular effects of antioxidant treatment in patients with NAFLD. New, large-scale studies including as end-point also the assessment of the atherosclerosis markers are needed.
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Strong interplay between metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnoea, oxidative stress and arterial dysfunction. Sleep Breath 2013; 18:223-4. [PMID: 23904242 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-013-0882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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