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Zhao J, Guan G, Li D, Yu X, Shentu X. Study on the gut symbiotic microbiota in long- and short-winged brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Sci Rep 2024; 14:11306. [PMID: 38760487 PMCID: PMC11101650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most important rice pests in Asia rice regions. BPH has monophagy, migration, rapid reproduction and strong environmental adaptability, and its control is a major problem in pest management. Adult BPH exhibit wing dimorphism, and the symbiotic microbiota enriched in the gut can provide energy for wing flight muscles as a source of nutrition. In order to study the diversity of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs, this paper takes female BPH as the research object. It was found that the number of symbiotic microbiota of different winged BPHs would change at different development stages. Then, based on the 16S rRNA and ITS sequences, a metagenomic library was constructed, combined with fluorescent quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, the dominant symbiotic microbiota flora in the gut of different winged BPHs was found, and the community structure and composition of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs were further determined. Together, our results preliminarily revealed that symbiotic microbiota in the gut of BPHs have certain effects on wing morphology, and understanding the mechanisms underlying wing morph differentiation will clarify how nutritional factors or environmental cues alter or regulate physiological and metabolic pathways. These findings also establish a theoretical basis for subsequent explorations into BPH-symbiont interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guangxiang Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Danting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Khan A, Moni SS, Ali M, Mohan S, Jan H, Rasool S, Kamal MA, Alshahrani S, Halawi M, Alhazmi HA. Antifungal Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites on Candida albicans: An Updated Review. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:15-42. [PMID: 35249516 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220304143332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have been increasing continuously worldwide, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Fungi, regarded as eukaryotic pathogens, have many similarities to the host cells, which inhibit anti-fungal drug development progress. Various fungal model systems have been studied, and it was concluded that Candida spp. is the most common disease-causing fungus. Candida species are well known to cause infections not only in our mouth, skin, and vagina, but they are also a frequent cause of life-threatening hospital bloodstream infections. The morphological and developmental pathways of Candida have been studied extensively, providing insight into the fungus development. Candida albicans is known to be the most pathogenic species responsible for a variety of infections in humans. Conventional anti-fungal drugs, mainly azoles drugs available in the market, have been used for years developing resistance in C. albicans. Hence, the production of new anti-fungal drugs, which require detailed molecular knowledge of fungal pathogenesis, needs to be encouraged. Therefore, this review targets the new approach of "Green Medicines" or the phytochemicals and their secondary metabolites as a source of novel anti-fungal agents to overcome the drug resistance of C. albicans, their mechanism of action, and their combined effects with the available anti-fungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - M Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Huma Jan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar -190006, J&K, India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, 190001 J&K, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589. Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Halawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Piatek M, O'Beirne C, Beato Z, Tacke M, Kavanagh K. Exposure of Candida parapsilosis to the silver(I) compound SBC3 induces alterations in the proteome and reduced virulence. Metallomics 2022; 14:6617997. [PMID: 35751649 PMCID: PMC9348618 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of silver have been exploited for many centuries and continue to gain interest in the fight against antimicrobial drug resistance. The broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity of silver have led to its incorporation into a wide range of novel antimicrobial agents, including N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The antimicrobial activity and in vivo efficacy of the NHC silver(I) acetate complex SBC3, derived from 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene (NHC*), have previously been demonstrated, although the mode(s) of action of SBC3 remains to be fully elucidated. Label-free quantitative proteomics was applied to analyse changes in protein abundance in the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis in response to SBC3 treatment. An increased abundance of proteins associated with detoxification and drug efflux were indicative of a cell stress response, whilst significant decreases in proteins required for protein and amino acid biosynthesis offer potential insight into the growth-inhibitory mechanisms of SBC3. Guided by the proteomic findings and the prolific biofilm and adherence capabilities of C. parapsilosis, our studies have shown the potential of SBC3 in reducing adherence to epithelial cells and biofilm formation and hence decrease fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Piatek
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Cillian O'Beirne
- School of School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zoe Beato
- School of School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Matthias Tacke
- School of School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Ganci M, Suleyman E, Butt H, Ball M. Associations between self-reported psychological symptom severity and gut microbiota: further support for the microgenderome. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:307. [PMID: 35501777 PMCID: PMC9059404 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into the brain-gut-microbiota axis (BGMA) continues to reveal associations between gut microbiota (GM) and psychological symptom expression, inspiring new ways of conceptualising psychological disorders. However, before GM modulation can be touted as a possible auxiliary treatment option, more research is needed as inconsistencies in previous findings regarding these associations are prevalent. Additionally, the concept of the microgenderome, which proposes that GM may interact with sex hormones, has received limited attention in studies using human samples to date. However, such research has demonstrated sex specific associations between GM and psychological symptom expression. METHOD This cross-sectional retrospective study explores associations between GM species (identified through faecal microbial analysis) and symptom severity across four psychological domains (Depressive, Neurocognitive, Stress and Anxiety, and Sleep and Fatigue) for males (N = 1143) and females (N = 3467) separately. RESULTS GM species from several genera including Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, and Leuconostoc were found to be differentially associated with psychological symptom severity for males and females. As such, the findings of the current study provide support for the concept of the microgenderome. CONCLUSION While further research is needed before their implementation in psychological treatment plans, the current findings suggest that modulation of GM at the species level may hold promise as auxiliary diagnostic or treatment options. These findings may give further insight into a client's presenting problem from a more holistic, multidisciplinary perspective. The clear sex divergence in associations between GM and symptoms give insight into sex discrepancies in susceptibility to psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ganci
- Psychology Department, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
| | - Emra Suleyman
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Psychology Department, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Henry Butt
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Psychology Department, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia ,Bioscreen Yarraville (Aust) Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Psychology Department, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
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Mucocutaneous Candida Infections in Immunocompromised Patients. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-022-00356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tomičić R, Tomičić Z, Raspor P. Influence of culture conditions on co-aggregation of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii with Candida spp. and their auto-aggregation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:507-515. [PMID: 35169980 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic infections caused by pathogenic Candida species pose a significant threat to public health in the past decades due to increasing resistance to existing antifungal drugs. Given this scenario, probiotics have been suggested as an alternative approach for managing Candida infections. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii co-aggregate with Candida spp. as well as to determine their auto-aggregation ability in dependence on temperature (28 °C, 37 °C, 42 °C) and pH (4.5, 7.0, 8.5) after 5 h and 24 h. Our results revealed that the aggregation of tested yeasts was lower in the first 5 h but increased significantly after 24 h. All strains were able to auto-aggregate in different degrees ranging from 47.46 to 95.95% assessed at 24 h of incubation. Among them the highest auto-aggregation values had C. albicans and C. krusei strains followed by probiotic strain S. boulardii, while the less were observed in C. glabrata strains. In addition, co-aggregation between probiotic and Candida strains was strain-specific. It was evident that S. boulardii significantly inhibited the aggregation of C. albicans ATCC 10261, C. krusei ATCC 6258, and C. glabrata ZIM 2369. However, in C. glabrata ZIM 2382, the aggregation was even enhanced. Temperature and pH also affected the ability to aggregate in a different way only after 5 h of incubation, with the highest cell aggregation evidenced at temperature 37 °C in most cases and pH 4.5. These findings may be of importance when trying to establish probiotic use against pathogenic Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ružica Tomičić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorica Tomičić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Peter Raspor
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Solidified Reverse Micellar Solution- (SRMS-) Based Microparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Systemic Antifungal Efficacy of Miconazole Nitrate in Immunocompromised Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8930709. [PMID: 35118159 PMCID: PMC8807030 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8930709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To assess the improvement in oral bioavailability and efficacy in systemic candidiasis treatment of miconazole nitrate (MN) formulations in murine models of candidiasis. Methods. Selected formulations containing 5% of
90H lipid matrix with 3% of MN (
), 5% of
90H lipid matrix with 3% of MN (
), and 5%
90H with 3% of MN (
) from the in vitro investigation were used for the study. Their acute toxicity was assessed using Lorke’s method (with slight modification) while bioavailability was determined using the bioassay method. The optimized batch (
) was tested in murine systemic candidiasis induced in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice. The mice were treated with a single oral dose (100 mg/kg) of the formulations for five days. Serum fungal counts (cfu/mL) were determined on days 1, 3, and 5 of the treatment period. Haematological assessments were done. Results. The lipid formulations were safer than MN powder with LD50 values of 3162.8 and 1118.3 mg/kg. Bioavailability determination revealed a higher area under the curve (AUC) value for formulations
(6.11 μg/hr/mL) and
(4.91 μg/hr/mL) while formulation
(1.80 μg/hr/mL) had a lower AUC than MN (4.46 μg/hr/mL). Fungi were completely cleared from the blood of animals treated with the optimized formulation by day 3 as opposed to the controls (MN and Tween® 20) which still had fungi on day 5. No significant increase (
) in haematological parameters was observed in mice treated with
. Conclusion. Formulation
successfully cleared Candida albicans from the blood within a shorter period than miconazole powder. This research has shown the potential of orally administered MN-loaded SRMS-based microparticles in combating systemic candidaemia.
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Phytomedicine from Middle Eastern Countries: An Alternative Remedy to Modern Medicine against Candida spp Infection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6694876. [PMID: 34335836 PMCID: PMC8298167 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6694876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida spp are capable of infecting both normal and immunocompromised individuals. More recently, Candida infections have spread considerably in healthcare settings, especially in intensive care units, where it is the most frequently encountered pathogen. Candida albicans is the commonest species encountered, although infections by non-albicans species have also risen in the past few years. The pathogenicity of Candida is credited to its aptitude to change between yeast and hyphal modes of growth. Candida spp produce biofilms on synthetic materials that protect them and facilitate drug resistance and act as a source for chronic and recurrent infections. Primarily, azoles antifungal agents are utilized to treat Candida infection that targets the ergosterol synthesis pathway in the cell wall. The development of antifungal resistance in Candida species is a major reason for treatment failure, and hence, there is a need to develop newer antifungal molecules and/or modifications of existing antifungals to make them more effective and less toxic. This has led researchers to oversee the plants to discover newer antimicrobials. Middle Eastern countries are well known for their landscape ranging from dry and sandy deserts to snow-capped mountains. However, they comprise enormous plant diversity with over 20,000 different species showing various types of bioactivities, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. Especially, the antifungal potential of these phytoproducts could be exploited in the clinical setting for therapy. The present review examines some of the promising alternative natural compounds that have been tested and found effective in treating Candida infections in vitro in some Middle Eastern countries.
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Di Cosola M, Cazzolla AP, Charitos IA, Ballini A, Inchingolo F, Santacroce L. Candida albicans and Oral Carcinogenesis. A Brief Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060476. [PMID: 34204731 PMCID: PMC8231483 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current medical knowledge and research on patients’ management are still evolving, and several protocols on minimizing risk of infection by Candida spp. among the population have developed. The aim of this work is to review the epidemiological and biomolecular characteristics and the various histopathological carcinogenesis hypothesis mechanisms that can occur during Candida albicans infections. Current evidence from the literature on the role of C. albicans during potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer has been sought. Thus, these biomolecular processes can give or contribute to benign lesions, also in precancerous or cancerous situations. Alongside this, the physiological microorganism oral flora (microbiota) can play a crucial role in maintaining oral health during those infections and therefore avoid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Department of Emergency and Urgency, National Poisoning Centre, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario Ernesto Quagliariello, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.I.); (L.S.)
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O'Beirne C, Piatek ME, Fossen J, Müller-Bunz H, Andes DR, Kavanagh K, Patil SA, Baumann M, Tacke M. Continuous flow synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of NHC* silver carboxylate derivatives of SBC3 in vitro and in vivo. Metallomics 2020; 13:6055688. [PMID: 33595656 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic silver carbene compounds have been extensively studied and shown to be active agents against a host of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. By incorporating hypothesized virulence targeting substituents into NHC-silver systems via salt metathesis, an atom-efficient complexation process can be used to develop new complexes to target the passive and active systems of a microbial cell. The incorporation of fatty acids and an FtsZ inhibitor have been achieved, and creation of both the intermediate salt and subsequent silver complex has been streamlined into a continuous flow process. Biological evaluation was conducted with in vitro toxicology assays showing these novel complexes had excellent inhibition against Gram-negative strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae; further studies also confirmed the ability to inhibit biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and C. Parapsilosis. In vivo testing using a murine thigh infection model showed promising inhibition of MRSA for the lead compound SBC3, which is derived from 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene (NHC*).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian O'Beirne
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Magdalena E Piatek
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23F2H6 Co. Kildare, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jen Fossen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23F2H6 Co. Kildare, Republic of Ireland
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Matthias Tacke
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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Rybalkin MV, Khokhlenkova NV, Azarenko JM, Diadiun TV, Kovalenko SM. Determination of Candida albicans proteins concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at subcutaneous introduction in candidiasis therapy. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effect of C. albicans proteins in concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/ml has been examined in white mice. Animals were infected i.p. with suspension of C. albicans strain CCM 335–867 in the amount of 20 million cells per 1 ml volume. After 5 days and repeatedly after 14 days mice were injected s.c. in the upper part of right hind paw with proteins of Candida cells of volume 0.2 ml. 14 days after each injection, the determination of the animal body protective functions has been carried out by the titer of specific antibodies during immunoassay.
According to the data obtained, it has been found that in the s.c. administration, after the first and second injection with C. albicans protein of concentration 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/ml antibody titers increased 2 times, indicating that there is no stimulation of immune protection.
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Physicochemical and Antifungal Properties of Clotrimazole in Combination with High-Molecular Weight Chitosan as a Multifunctional Excipient. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120591. [PMID: 33255899 PMCID: PMC7760713 DOI: 10.3390/md18120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosans represent a group of multifunctional drug excipients. Here, we aimed to estimate the impact of high-molecular weight chitosan on the physicochemical properties of clotrimazole–chitosan solid mixtures (CL–CH), prepared by grinding and kneading methods. We characterised these formulas by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffractometry, and performed in vitro clotrimazole dissolution tests. Additionally, we examined the antifungal activity of clotrimazole–chitosan mixtures against clinical Candida isolates under neutral and acid conditions. The synergistic effect of clotrimazole and chitosan S combinations was observed in tests carried out at pH 4 on Candida glabrata strains. The inhibition of C. glabrata growth reached at least 90%, regardless of the drug/excipient weight ratio, and even at half of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of clotrimazole. Our results demonstrate that clotrimazole and high-molecular weight chitosan could be an effective combination in a topical antifungal formulation, as chitosan acts synergistically with clotrimazole against non-albicans candida strains.
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Ortiz A, Sansinenea E. The Chemistry of Drugs to Treat Candida albicans. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2554-2566. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191025153124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Candida species are in various parts of the human body as commensals. However,
they can cause local mucosal infections and, sometimes, systemic infections in which Candida
species can spread to all major organs and colonize them.
Objective::
For the effective treatment of the mucosal infections and systemic life-threatening fungal
diseases, a considerably large number of antifungal drugs have been developed and used for clinical
purposes that comprise agents from four main drug classes: the polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, and
antimetabolites.
Method: :
The synthesis of some of these drugs is available, allowing synthetic modification of the
molecules to improve the biological activity against Candida species. The synthetic methodology for
each compound is reviewed.
Results: :
The use of these compounds has caused a high-level resistance against these drugs, and therefore,
new antifungal substances have been described in the last years. The organic synthesis of the
known and new compounds is reported.
Conclusion: :
This article summarizes the chemistry of the existing agents, both the old drugs and new
drugs, in the treatment of infections due to C. albicans, including the synthesis of the existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Pue, 72570, Mexico
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Pue, 72570, Mexico
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Synthesis of new pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines with antifungal and antibiofilm activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carveoylphenols and Their Antifungal Potential against Pathogenic Yeasts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040185. [PMID: 31618883 PMCID: PMC6963845 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. However, only a few antifungal drugs are currently available for the treatment of Candida infections. In the last decade, terpenophenols have attracted much attention because they often possess a variety of biological activities. In the search for new antifungals, eight carveoylphenols were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. By using the broth microdilution assay, the compounds were evaluated for antifungal activities in vitro against four human pathogenic yeast, and structure–activity relationships (SAR) were derived. Noteworthy, in this preliminary study, compounds 5 and 6, have shown a significant reduction in the growth of all Candida strains tested. Starting from these preliminary results, we have designed the second generation of analogous in this class, and further studies are in progress in our laboratories.
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Ptaszyńska N, Olkiewicz K, Okońska J, Gucwa K, Łęgowska A, Gitlin-Domagalska A, Dębowski D, Lica J, Heldt M, Milewski S, Ng TB, Rolka K. Peptide conjugates of lactoferricin analogues and antimicrobials-Design, chemical synthesis, and evaluation of antimicrobial activity and mammalian cytotoxicity. Peptides 2019; 117:170079. [PMID: 30959143 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eight new peptide conjugates composed of modified bovine lactoferricin truncated analogues (LFcinB) and one of the three antimicrobials - ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LVX), and fluconazole (FLC) - were synthesized. Four different linkers were applied to connect a peptide and an antimicrobial agent. The FLC-containing peptidic conjugates were synthesized using the "click chemistry" method. This novel approach is reported here for the first time. Unlike their components, CIP- and LVX-based conjugates exerted activity against Candida yeast. Similarly to the constituent peptides, synthesized conjugates showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially S. epidermidis. The most active were the conjugates containing CIP linked to the peptide by the redox-sensitive disulfide bridge. Our results show a significant role of a linker between antimicrobial agent and a peptide. This was also confirmed by the lack of synergistic effects on the antimicrobial activity of the constituent compounds. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays revealed that the proposed conjugates cause a comparatively low cytotoxic effect in reference to antibiotics widely used in therapies. Therefore, they can be deliberated as attractive leading structures for the development of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ptaszyńska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Olkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Okońska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gucwa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Łęgowska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Lica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Heldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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do Prado AC, Garces HG, Bagagli E, Rall VLM, Furlanetto A, Fernandes Junior A, Furtado FB. Schinus molle essential oil as a potential source of bioactive compounds: antifungal and antibacterial properties. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:516-522. [PMID: 30431699 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study was focused on the evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro of the essential oil (EO) of leaves from Schinus molle against bacteria and fungi of clinical importance in the search for the discovery of new active compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS The chemical composition of the S. molle EO was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and its antimicrobial effect was verified by broth microdilution method. The major compounds found were β-pinene (25·23%), epi-α-cadinol (21·29%), α-pinene (18·72%), myrcene (11·54%) and sabinene (5·02%). The EO showed significant antifungal activity against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (39·06 μg ml-1 ), weak action against Cryptococcus neoformans (625 μg ml-1 ) and Trichophyton quinckeanum (625 μg ml-1 ) and was inactive against Candida sp. In the analysis of the antibacterial action, the micro-organisms tested did not show sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a promising result of S. molle volatiles against the fungus P. brasiliensis, which causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis of great clinical importance in Latin America. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results found here are novel and encourage investigations of the compounds present in this EO, which represents a source of molecules with potential use in the treatment of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C do Prado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H G Garces
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Bagagli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V L M Rall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Furlanetto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Fernandes Junior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F B Furtado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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van Engen A, Casamayor M, Kim S, Watt M, Odeyemi I. "De-escalation" strategy using micafungin for the treatment of systemic Candida infections: budget impact in France and Germany. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 9:763-774. [PMID: 29255367 PMCID: PMC5722012 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s141548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of azole-resistant Candida infections is increasing. Consequently, guidelines for treating systemic Candida infection (SCI) recommend a “de-escalation” strategy: initial broad-spectrum antifungal agents (e.g., echinocandins), followed by switching to fluconazole if isolates are fluconazole sensitive, rather than “escalation” with initial fluconazole treatment and then switching to echinocandins if isolates are fluconazole resistant. However, fluconazole may continue to be used as first-line treatment in view of its low acquisition costs. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the budget impact of the de-escalation strategy using micafungin compared with the escalation strategy in France and Germany. Methods A budget impact model was used to compare de-escalation to escalation strategies. As well as survival, clinical success (resolution/reduction of symptoms and radiographic abnormalities associated with fungal infection), was considered, as was mycological success (eradication of Candida from the bloodstream). Health economic outcomes included cost per health state according to clinical success and mycological success, and budget impact. A 42-day time horizon was used. Results For all patients with SCI, the budget impact of using de-escalation rather than escalation was greater, but improved rates of survival, clinical success and mycological success were apparent with de-escalation. In patients with fluconazole-resistant isolates, clinical success rates and survival were improved by ~72% with de-escalation versus escalation, producing cost savings of €6,374 and €356 per patient in France and Germany, respectively; improvements of ~72% in mycological success rates with de-escalation versus escalation did not translate into cost savings. Conclusion Modeling provides evidence that when treating SCI in individuals at risk of azole-resistant infections, de-escalation from micafungin has potential cost savings associated with improved clinical success rates.
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20
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Han Y, Jiang HH, Zhang YJ, Hao XJ, Sun YZ, Qi RQ, Chen HD, Gao XH. Cell wall mannoprotein of Candida albicans induces cell cycle alternation and inhibits apoptosis of HaCaT cells via NF-κB signal pathway. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:440-445. [PMID: 28923602 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a commensal organism in human and a well-known dimorphic opportunistic pathogenic fungus. Though plenty of researches on the pathogenesis of C. albicans have been performed, the mechanism is not fully understood. The cell wall components of C. albicans have been documented to play important roles in its pathogenic processes. To further study the infectious mechanism of C. albicans, we investigated the potential functional role of its cell wall mannoprotein in cell cycle and apoptosis of HaCaT cells. We found that mannoprotein could promote the transition of cell cycle from G1/G0 to S phase, in which Cyclin D1, CDK4 and p-Rb, the major regulators of the cell cycle progression, showed significant upregulation, and CDKN1A (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21)) showed significant downregulation. Mannoprotein also could inhibit apoptosis of HaCaT cells, which was well associated with increased expression of BCL2 (Bcl-2). Moreover, mannoprotein could increase the phosphorylation levels of RELA (p65) and NFKBIA (IκBα), as the key factors of NF-κB signal pathway in HaCaT cells, suggesting the activation of NF-κB signal pathway. Additionally, a NF-κB specific inhibitor, PDTC, could rescue the effect of mannoprotein on cell cycle and apoptosis of HaCaT cells, which suggested that mannoprotein could activate NF-κB signal pathway to mediate cell cycle alternation and inhibit apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hang-Hang Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xing-Jia Hao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110001, China
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Łukaszuk C, Krajewska-Kułak E, Kułak W. Retrospective observation of drug susceptibility of Candida strains in the years 1999, 2004, and 2015. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3038. [PMID: 28243540 PMCID: PMC5326543 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is much literature devoted to the problem of drug resistance and decreased susceptibility of fungi to commonly used antifungals. Aim To analyze drug susceptibility of Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans strains isolated from the hands of people without any symptoms of disease over a 16-year period. Materials and Methods The study included a total of 1,274 Candida-type strains isolated from the hands of people without any symptoms of disease, including: in 1999, 432 strains; in 2004, 368; and in 2015, 454 strains. Biological monitoring of hand surface contamination was performed using the Count-TactTM applicator with Count-Tact plates (bioMerieux). Drug susceptibility was evaluated using FUNGITEST®. Results In 1999, the most strains showed resistance to fluconazole (53.2%), in 2004 to itraconazole (52.9%), and in 2015 to fluconazole (85.8%). Resistance to more than one drug was 35.8% in 1999, 64.7% in 2004, and 92% in 2015. Mean resistance to azole antifungals significantly increased from 98 ± 39.7 strains in 1999 to 118.3 ± 29.6 in 2015 (p < 0.001). In 1999, the most strains showed resistance to fluconazole (50.6%), in 2004 to itraconazole (52.9%), and in 2015 to fluconazole (44.9%). Resistance to more than one drug was 52.9% in 1999, 64.3% in 2004, and 88.1% in 2015. Mean resistance to azole antifungals significantly increased from a mean of 76 ± 9.7 strains in 1999, to 95.3 ± 24.2 in 2004, and to 97.3 ± 16.6 in 2015 (p < 0.001). Conclusions We showed increased C. albicans and non-Candida albicans strain resistance to commonly used antifungal chemotherapeutics, mainly imidazole. We found a clear rise in susceptibility of C. albicans and non-Candida albicans strains to several studied antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecylia Łukaszuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Kułak
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical Univeresity of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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22
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Roque K, Lim GD, Jo JH, Shin KM, Song ES, Gautam R, Kim CY, Lee K, Shin S, Yoo HS, Heo Y, Kim HA. Epizootiological characteristics of viable bacteria and fungi in indoor air from porcine, chicken, or bovine husbandry confinement buildings. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:531-538. [PMID: 27456779 PMCID: PMC5204031 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms found in bioaerosols from animal confinement buildings not only foster the risk of spreading diseases among livestock buildings, but also pose health hazards to farm workers and nearby residents. This study identified the various microorganisms present in the air of swine, chicken, and cattle farms with different kinds of ventilation conditions in Korea. Microbial air samples were collected onto Petri dishes with bacterial or fungal growth media using a cascade impactor. Endotoxin levels in total dust were determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Prevalent Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus (S.) lentus, S. chromogenes, Bacillus (B.) cereus, B. licheniformis, and Enterococcus faecalis, while the dominant fungi and Gram-negative bacteria were Candida albicans and Sphingomonas paucimobilis, respectively. Considering no significant relationship between the indoor dust endotoxin levels and the isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from the indoor air, monitoring the indoor airborne endotoxin level was found to be also critical for risk assessment on health for animals or workers. The present study confirms the importance of microbiological monitoring and control on animal husbandry indoor air to ensure animal and worker welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Roque
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Dong Lim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Jo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Shin
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Eun-Seob Song
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Chang-Yul Kim
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Kyungsuk Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seungwon Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and BK21 PLUS, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Han-Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and BK21 PLUS, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Heo
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Medical and Public Health Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Sadowska B, Kuźma Ł, Micota B, Budzyńska A, Wysokińska H, Kłys A, Więckowska-Szakiel M, Różalska B. New biological potential of abietane diterpenoids isolated from Salvia austriaca against microbial virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2016; 98:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Musthafa KS, Hmoteh J, Thamjarungwong B, Voravuthikunchai SP. Antifungal potential of eugenyl acetate against clinical isolates of Candida species. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:19-29. [PMID: 27452957 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the efficiency of eugenyl acetate (EA), a phytochemical in clove essential oil, against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EA against Candida isolates were in the range between 0.1% and 0.4% (v/v). Spot assay further confirmed the susceptibility of Candida isolates to the compound upon treatment with respective 1 × MIC. Growth profile measured in time kill study evidence that the compound at 1 × MIC and 1/2 × MIC retarded the growth of Candida cells, divulging the fungicidal activity. Light microscopic observation demonstrated that upon treated with EA, rough cell morphology, cell damage, and fragmented patterns were observed in C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. Furthermore, unusual morphological changes of the organism were observed in scanning electron microscopic study. Therefore, it is validated that the compound could cause cell damage resulting in the cell death of Candida clinical isolates. Eventually, the compound at sub-MIC (0.0125% v/v) significantly inhibited serum-induced germ tube formation by C. albicans. Eugenyl acetate inhibited biofilm forming ability of the organisms as well as reduced the adherence of Candida cells to HaCaT keratinocytes cells. In addition, upon treatment with EA, the phagocytic activity of macrophages was increased significantly against C. albicans (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated the potential of EA as a valuable phytochemical to fight against emerging Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadar Syed Musthafa
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Jutharat Hmoteh
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Thamjarungwong
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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25
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Nikiforou M, Jacobs EMR, Kemp MW, Hornef MW, Payne MS, Saito M, Newnham JP, Janssen LEW, Jobe AH, Kallapur SG, Kramer BW, Wolfs TGAM. Intra-amniotic Candida albicans infection induces mucosal injury and inflammation in the ovine fetal intestine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29806. [PMID: 27411776 PMCID: PMC4944185 DOI: 10.1038/srep29806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorioamnionitis is caused by intrauterine infection with microorganisms including Candida albicans (C.albicans). Chorioamnionitis is associated with postnatal intestinal pathologies including necrotizing enterocolitis. The underlying mechanisms by which intra-amniotic C.albicans infection adversely affects the fetal gut remain unknown. Therefore, we assessed whether intra-amniotic C.albicans infection would cause intestinal inflammation and mucosal injury in an ovine model. Additionally, we tested whether treatment with the fungistatic fluconazole ameliorated the adverse intestinal outcome of intra-amniotic C.albicans infection. Pregnant sheep received intra-amniotic injections with 107 colony-forming units C.albicans or saline at 3 or 5 days before preterm delivery at 122 days of gestation. Fetuses were given intra-amniotic and intra-peritoneal fluconazole treatments 2 days after intra-amniotic administration of C.albicans. Intra-amniotic C.albicans caused intestinal colonization and invasive growth within the fetal gut with mucosal injury and intestinal inflammation, characterized by increased CD3+ lymphocytes, MPO+ cells and elevated TNF-α and IL-17 mRNA levels. Fluconazole treatment in utero decreased intestinal C.albicans colonization, mucosal injury but failed to attenuate intestinal inflammation. Intra-amniotic C.albicans caused intestinal infection, injury and inflammation. Fluconazole treatment decreased mucosal injury but failed to ameliorate C.albicans-mediated mucosal inflammation emphasizing the need to optimize the applied antifungal therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikiforou
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esmee M R Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthew S Payne
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Division of Perinatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - John P Newnham
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Leon E W Janssen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alan H Jobe
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Boris W Kramer
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim G A M Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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26
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Louis B, Waikhom SD, Atadja PW. Current trends in outwitting resistance development inCandidainfections through photodynamic and short peptide therapies: a strategic-shift from conventional antifungal agents. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:345-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1147953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Shreaz S, Shiekh RA, Raja V, Wani WA, Behbehani JM. Impaired ergosterol biosynthesis mediated fungicidal activity of Co(II) complex with ligand derived from cinnamaldehyde. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 247:64-74. [PMID: 26806515 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have used aldehyde function of cinnamaldehyde to synthesize N, N'-Bis (cinnamaldehyde) ethylenediimine [C20H20N2] and Co(II) complex of the type [Co(C40H40N4)Cl2]. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined on the basis of physiochemical analysis and spectroscopic data ((1)H NMR, FTIR, UV-visible and mass spectra) along with molar conductivity measurements. Anticandidal activity of cinnamaldehyde its ligand [L] and Co(II) complex was investigated by determining MIC80, time-kill kinetics, disc diffusion assay and ergosterol extraction and estimation assay. Ligand [L] and Co(II) complex are found to be 4.55 and 21.0 folds more efficient than cinnamaldehyde in a liquid medium. MIC80 of Co(II) complex correlated well with ergosterol inhibition suggesting ergosterol biosynthesis to be the primary site of action. In comparison to fluconazole, the test compounds showed limited toxicity against H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts. In confocal microscopy propidium iodide (PI) penetrates the yeast cells when treated with MIC of metal complex, indicating a disruption of cell membrane that results in imbibition of dye. TEM analysis of metal complex treated cells exhibited notable alterations or damage to the cell membrane and the cell wall. The structural disorganization within the cell cytoplasm was noted. It was concluded that fungicidal activity of Co(II) complex originated from loss of membrane integrity and a decrease in ergosterol content is only one consequence of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shreaz
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Rayees A Shiekh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al Madinah Al Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaseem Raja
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), P.O. Box 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Waseem A Wani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jawad M Behbehani
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
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Jakab Á, Emri T, Sipos L, Kiss Á, Kovács R, Dombrádi V, Kemény-Beke Á, Balla J, Majoros L, Pócsi I. Betamethasone augments the antifungal effect of menadione--towards a novel anti-Candida albicans combination therapy. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:973-81. [PMID: 25707543 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The fluorinated glucocorticoid betamethasone stimulated both the extracellular phospholipase production and hypha formation of the opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans and also decreased the efficiency of the polyene antimycotics amphotericin B and nystatin against C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, betamethasone increased synergistically the anti-Candida activity of the oxidative stress generating agent menadione, which may be exploited in future combination therapies to prevent or cure C. albicans infections, in the field of dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Jakab
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilla Sipos
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kiss
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktor Dombrádi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Kemény-Beke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Mertas A, Garbusińska A, Szliszka E, Jureczko A, Kowalska M, Król W. The influence of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) on fluconazole activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:590470. [PMID: 25722982 PMCID: PMC4334616 DOI: 10.1155/2015/590470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of fluconazole against 32 clinical strains of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans, and C. albicans ATCC 10231 reference strain, after their exposure to sublethal concentrations of tea tree oil (TTO) or its main bioactive component terpinen-4-ol. For all tested fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains TTO and terpinen-4-ol minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were low, ranging from 0.06% to 0.5%. The 24-hour exposure of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains to fluconazole with sublethal dose of TTO enhanced fluconazole activity against these strains. Overall, 62.5% of isolates were classified as susceptible, 25.0% exhibited intermediate susceptibility, and 12.5% were resistant. For all of the tested clinical strains the fluconazole MIC decreased from an average of 244.0 μg/mL to an average of 38.46 μg/mL, and the fluconazole minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) decreased from an average of 254.67 μg/mL to an average of 66.62 μg/mL. Terpinen-4-ol was found to be more active than TTO, and strongly enhanced fluconazole activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. The results of this study demonstrate that combining natural substances such as TTO and conventional drug such as fluconazole, may help treat difficult yeast infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mertas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Garbusińska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szliszka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jureczko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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30
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Figueiral MH, Fonseca P, Lopes MM, Pinto E, Pereira-Leite T, Sampaio-Maia B. Effect of Denture-Related Stomatitis Fluconazole Treatment on Oral Candida albicans Susceptibility Profile and Genotypic Variability. Open Dent J 2015; 9:46-51. [PMID: 25674171 PMCID: PMC4319190 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is the most common condition affecting removable-denture wearers, and Candida albicans the most frequent pathogenic agent. Systemic antifungal treatment is indicated but recurrences are frequent. The aim of this study was to characterize the oral load, fluconazole susceptibility profile and genotypic variability of oral C. albicans isolates from patients with DRS before (T0), immediately after fluconazole treatment (Tat) and after 6-months follow-up (T6m). Eighteen patients presenting DRS and treated with fluconazole were followed at the Faculty of Dentistry of Oporto University. Seventy C. albicans isolates were obtained and identified using standard cultural and biochemical multi-testing. Fluconazole susceptibility was tested by E-test®. Microsatellite-primed PCR was performed to assess the genotypic variability of C. albicans isolates. The patients’ mean age was 58.0±3.2 years, and 55.6%/44.4% had total/partial dentures. Before treatment, 22.2%, 44.4% and 33.3% of the patients presented DRS type I, II or III, respectively. Fluconazole treatment healed or improved DRS in 77.8% of the patients, accompanied by an 83.5% reduction in oral C. albicans load. However, after 6-months, oral C. albicans load increased significantly and DRS severity was similar to the one observed before treatment. Moreover, the prevalence of patients presenting fluconazole resistant isolates of C. albicans increased significantly throughout the study: T0-5.6%, Tat-10.0% and T6m-42.9%. A change in the genotypic variability of C. albicans isolates was also verified, being mostly associated to fluconazole susceptibility profile change. In conclusion, fluconazole presents a good short-term DRS treatment efficiency, but may be associated to a long-term emergence of C. albicans fluconazole resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Manuel Lopes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lisbon University, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CEQUIMED/CIIMAR, Microbiology Service, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade do Porto, Portugal ; INEB/I3S - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Por-to, Portugal
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31
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Sadowska B, Budzyńska A, Więckowska-Szakiel M, Paszkiewicz M, Stochmal A, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, Kowalczyk M, Różalska B. New pharmacological properties of Medicago sativa and Saponaria officinalis saponin-rich fractions addressed to Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1076-1086. [PMID: 24850879 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.075291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of the saponin-rich fractions (SFs) from Medicago sativa (aerial parts and roots) and Saponaria officinalis (used as a well-known source of plant saponins) against Candida albicans reference and clinical strains, their yeast-to-hyphal conversion, adhesion, and biofilm formation was investigated. Direct fungicidal/fungistatic properties of the tested phytochemicals used alone, as well as their synergy with azoles (probably resulting from yeast cell wall instability) were demonstrated. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time the ability of saponin-rich extracts of M. sativa and S. officinalis to inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, limit hyphal growth, reduce yeast adherence and biofilm formation, and eradicate mature (24 h) Candida biofilm. Moreover, M. sativa SFs (mainly obtained from aerial parts), in the range of concentrations which were active modulators of Candida virulence factors, exhibited low cytotoxicity against the mouse fibroblast line L929. These properties seem to be very promising in the context of using plant-derived SFs as potential novel antifungal therapeutics supporting classic drugs or as ingredients of disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sadowska
- Department of Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Budzyńska
- Department of Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Więckowska-Szakiel
- Department of Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Paszkiewicz
- Department of Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Barbara Moniuszko-Szajwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Barbara Różalska
- Department of Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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