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Kong D, Kowalik O, Garratt E, Godfrey KM, Chan SY, Teo AKK. Genetics and epigenetics in gestational diabetes contributing to type 2 diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2025:S1043-2760(25)00074-8. [PMID: 40280863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2025.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication and a risk factor for the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mothers and of several metabolic diseases in offspring. However, the molecular underpinnings of these risks are not well understood. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and epigenetic studies may provide complementary insights into the causal relationships between GDM exposure and maternal/offspring metabolic outcomes. In this review we discuss the potential pathophysiological roles of specific genetic variants and commonly reported differentially methylated loci in GDM development, and their link to the progression to T2D in both the mother and the offspring in later life, pointing to the potential for tailored interventional strategies based on these genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Kong
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Dean's Office, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Oliwia Kowalik
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma Garratt
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Institute for Human Development and Potential (IHDP), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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