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Mills SA, MacKenzie AR, Pope FD. Local spatiotemporal dynamics of particulate matter and oak pollen measured by machine learning aided optical particle counters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173450. [PMID: 38797422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Conventional techniques for monitoring pollen currently have significant limitations in terms of labour, cost and the spatiotemporal resolution that can be achieved. Pollen monitoring networks across the world are generally sparse and are not able to fully represent the detailed characteristics of airborne pollen. There are few studies that observe concentrations on a local scale, and even fewer that do so in ecologically rich rural areas and close to emitting sources. Better understanding of these would be relevant to occupational risk assessments for public health, as well as ecology, biodiversity, and climate. We present a study using low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) and the application of machine learning models to monitor particulate matter and pollen within a mature oak forest in the UK. We characterise the observed oak pollen concentrations, first during an OPC colocation period (6 days) for calibration purposes, then for a period (36 days) when the OPCs were distributed on an observational tower at different heights through the canopy. We assess the efficacy and usefulness of this method and discuss directions for future development, including the requirements for training data. The results show promise, with the derived pollen concentrations following the expected diurnal trends and interactions with meteorological variables. Quercus pollen concentrations appeared greatest when measured at the canopy height of the forest (20-30 m). Quercus pollen concentrations were lowest at the greatest measurement height that is above the canopy (40 m), which is congruent with previous studies of background pollen in urban environments. The attenuation of pollen concentrations as sources are depleted is also observed across the season and at different heights, with some evidence that the pollen concentrations persist later at the lowest level beneath the canopy (10 m) where catkins mature latest in the season compared to higher catkins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Mills
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A Robert MacKenzie
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Rosario CS, Urrutia-Pereira M, Murrieta-Aguttes M, D’Amato G, Chong-Silva DC, Godoi RHM, Rosario Filho NA. Air pollution and rhinitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1387525. [PMID: 38863567 PMCID: PMC11166029 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1387525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinitis arises from either allergic or non-allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tissue and nasal secretions, along with structural alterations in the nasal mucosa. The pathways through which air pollution affects rhinitis may diverge from those affecting asthma. This article aims to review the effects of diverse air pollutants on the nose, the correlation of climate change and pollution, and how they aggravate the symptoms of patients with rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gennaro D’Amato
- Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality Hospital “A. Cardarelli”, Naples, Italy
- Medical School of Specialization in Respiratory Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Amini H, Amini M, Wright RO. Climate Change, Exposome Change, and Allergy: A Review. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 37973255 PMCID: PMC11000425 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to human respiratory health and associated allergic disorders given its broad impact on the exposome. Climate change can affect exposure to allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, molds, as well as other factors such as temperature, air pollution, and nutritional factors, which synergistically impact the immune response to these allergens. Exposome change can differentially exacerbate allergic reactions across subgroups of populations, especially those who are more vulnerable to environmental stressors. Understanding links between climate change and health impacts can help inform how to protect individuals and vulnerable populations from adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mohamad Amini
- Department of Dermatology, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Yarlagadda K. How climate change is affecting child development. BMJ 2023; 383:2189. [PMID: 37802536 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
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Visez N, Hamzé M, Vandenbossche K, Occelli F, de Nadaï P, Tobon Y, Hájek T, Choël M. Uptake of ozone by allergenic pollen grains. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121793. [PMID: 37196838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ozone exacerbates allergy symptoms to certain pollens. The molecular mechanisms by which ozone affects pollen grains (PGs) and allergies are not fully understood, especially as the effects of pollutants may vary depending on the type of pollen. In this work, pollens of 22 different taxa were exposed under laboratory conditions to ozone (100 ppb) to quantify the ozone uptake by the PGs. The ozone uptake was highly variable among the 22 taxa tested. The highest ozone uptake per PG was measured on Acer negundo PGs (2.5 ± 0.2 pg. PG-1). On average, tree pollens captured significantly more ozone than herbaceous pollens (average values of 0.5 and 0.02 pg. PG-1, respectively). No single parameter (such as the number of apertures, time of the year for the pollen season, pollen size, or lipid fraction) could predict a pollen's ability to take up ozone. Lipids seem to act as a barrier to ozone uptake and play a protective role for some taxa. After inhalation of PGs, pollen-transported ozone could be transferred to mucous membranes and exacerbate symptoms through oxidative stress and local inflammation. Although the amount of ozone transported is small in absolute terms, it is significant compared to the antioxidant capacity of nasal mucus at a microscale. This mechanism of pollen-induced oxidative stress could explain the aggravation of allergic symptoms during ozone pollution episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Visez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Mona Hamzé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de L'Atmosphère, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Klervi Vandenbossche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR, 4515, LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florent Occelli
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR, 4515, LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Patricia de Nadaï
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yeny Tobon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Choël
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR, 8516, LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
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Sampath V, Aguilera J, Prunicki M, Nadeau KC. Mechanisms of climate change and related air pollution on the immune system leading to allergic disease and asthma. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101765. [PMID: 37105834 PMCID: PMC10275624 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is considered the greatest threat to global health. Greenhouse gases as well as global surface temperatures have increased causing more frequent and intense heat and cold waves, wildfires, floods, drought, altered rainfall patterns, hurricanes, thunderstorms, air pollution, and windstorms. These extreme weather events have direct and indirect effects on the immune system, leading to allergic disease due to exposure to pollen, molds, and other environmental pollutants. In this review, we will focus on immune mechanisms associated with allergy and asthma-related health risks induced by climate change events. We will review current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the changing environment mediates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Juan Aguilera
- Center for Community Health Impact, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Prunicki
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Fluhr JW, Stevanovic K, Joshi P, Bergmann KC, Herzog LS, Alwaheed Y, Al Sowaidi S, Zuberbier T. Skin Physiology, Mucosal Functions, and Symptoms Are Modulated by Grass Pollen and Ozone Double Exposure in Allergic Patients. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:195-204. [PMID: 36927995 DOI: 10.1159/000530115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Along with climate changes, we see an increase in allergic symptoms and the number of pollen-allergic patients in many countries. Increased allergic symptoms are associated with an elevated ozone exposure which may be linked by impaired epithelial barrier function. This study aimed to quantify the clinical effect of ozone and pollen double exposure (DE). We tested whether ozone impairs barrier-related skin physiology and mucosal functions under DE with pollen in grass pollen-allergic patients versus healthy controls. METHODS This case-control study included 8 grass pollen-allergic patients and 8 non-allergic healthy subjects exposed to grass pollen and ozone in the GA2LEN pollen chamber, comparing shorter and longer DE duration. Non-invasive skin physiological parameters were assessed, including stratum corneum hydration, skin redness, surface pH, and basal transepidermal water loss as a parameter for epidermal barrier function. The subjects' general well-being, bronchial, nasal, and ocular symptoms were documented. RESULTS Skin physiology tests revealed that DE in allergic patients deteriorates the epidermal barrier function and increases the surface pH and skin redness. DE significantly induced nasal secretion in pollen-allergic versus healthy subjects, which was more pronounced with longer DE. The general well-being was significantly impaired under DE versus pollen or ozone alone, with a negative influence of DE duration. No relevant bronchial symptoms were recorded. CONCLUSION Skin physiology and nasal mucosal symptoms are negatively affected by ozone and grass pollen DE in allergic patients. The negative effects showed, in some parameters, a dose (time)-response relationship. The pH can be regarded as a possible modulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W Fluhr
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Stevanovic
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priyanka Joshi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie S Herzog
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasmeen Alwaheed
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shirina Al Sowaidi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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Martikainen MV, Tossavainen T, Hannukka N, Roponen M. Pollen, respiratory viruses, and climate change: Synergistic effects on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115149. [PMID: 36566960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, evidence of the synergistic effects of pollen and viruses on respiratory health has begun to accumulate. Pollen exposure is a known risk factor for the incidence and severity of respiratory viral infections. However, recent evidence suggests that pollen exposure may also inhibit or weaken viral infections. A comprehensive summary has not been made and a consensus on the synergistic health effects has not been reached. It is highly possible that climate change will increase the significance of pollen exposure as a cause of respiratory problems and, at the same time, affect the risk of infectious disease outbreaks. It is important to accurately assess how these two factors affect human health separately and concurrently. In this review article, for the first time, the data from previous studies are combined and reviewed and potential research gaps concerning the synergistic effects of pollen and viral exposure are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Viola Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tarleena Tossavainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Hannukka
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Exposure to nanoparticles and occupational allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:55-63. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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