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Alabi AO, Ogunjimi LO, Murtala AA, Kasumu EO, Oyinloye EO, Shofoyeke AM, Ajayi AM. Sub-acute toxicity, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Mucuna pruriens L. leaves in experimental rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118489. [PMID: 38914149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mucuna pruriens L is a wild and cultivated leguminous plant which have been used as an aphrodisiac, diuretic, nerve tonic, and antiarthritic agent. AIM To evaluate the toxicity, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. pruriens (EEMP) ethanol extract in experimental models. METHODS M. pruriens dried leaves were extracted using aqueous ethanol (30:70). Tests for acute and subacute toxicity were conducted on rats and mice. Mice were used in hotplate, acetic acid, and formalin models to test the antinociceptive activity of EEMP. The anti-inflammatory properties of EEMP (25, 100, and 400 mg/kg) were assessed egg albumin, carrageenan, and formalin-induced oedema models. The study examined the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EEMP (25-400 mg/kg) in rats with an air pouch caused by carrageenan. Air pouch exudates were tested for total leucocytes and differential cell counts, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde, nitrites, and reduced glutathione (GSH). RESULTS The acute oral toxic dose of EEMP is greater than 2000 mg/kg. There were no significant behavioral, hematological or biochemical alterations seen after 14-days repeated administration of EEMP (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) in mice. The EEMP demonstrated significant antinociceptive activity in hotplate, acetic acid and formalin-induced nociception in mice. The EEMP significantly and dose dependently reduced paw oedema at 2, 4 and 96 h in the egg-albumin, carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw oedema, respectively. Exudates volume, inflammatory cell counts, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and nitrites were significantly reduced, while GSH increased in carrageenan-air pouch of EEMP-treated rats. CONCLUSION Mucuna pruriens leaves ethanol extract demonstrated good safety profile as well as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity through mechanisms related to inhibition of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as lysosomal membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinyinka O Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Luqman O Ogunjimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Akanji A Murtala
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O Kasumu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Elijah O Oyinloye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale M Shofoyeke
- Department of Pharmacy Technician, Ogun State Polytechnic of Health and Allied Sciences, Ilese-Ijebu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Ashraf MV, Khan S, Misri S, Gaira KS, Rawat S, Rawat B, Khan MAH, Shah AA, Asgher M, Ahmad S. High-Altitude Medicinal Plants as Promising Source of Phytochemical Antioxidants to Combat Lifestyle-Associated Oxidative Stress-Induced Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:975. [PMID: 39204080 PMCID: PMC11357401 DOI: 10.3390/ph17080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur species (ROS, RNS, RSS), poses a significant threat to cellular integrity and human health. Generated during mitochondrial respiration, inflammation, UV exposure and pollution, these species damage cells and contribute to pathologies like cardiovascular issues, neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Lifestyle factors exert a substantial influence on oxidative stress levels, with mitochondria emerging as pivotal players in ROS generation and cellular equilibrium. Phytochemicals, abundant in plants, such as carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols and polyphenols, offer diverse antioxidant mechanisms. They scavenge free radicals, chelate metal ions, and modulate cellular signalling pathways to mitigate oxidative damage. Furthermore, plants thriving in high-altitude regions are adapted to extreme conditions, and synthesize secondary metabolites, like flavonoids and phenolic compounds in bulk quantities, which act to form a robust antioxidant defence against oxidative stress, including UV radiation and temperature fluctuations. These plants are promising sources for drug development, offering innovative strategies by which to manage oxidative stress-related ailments and enhance human health. Understanding and harnessing the antioxidant potential of phytochemicals from high-altitude plants represent crucial steps in combating oxidative stress-induced disorders and promoting overall wellbeing. This study offers a comprehensive summary of the production and physio-pathological aspects of lifestyle-induced oxidative stress disorders and explores the potential of phytochemicals as promising antioxidants. Additionally, it presents an appraisal of high-altitude medicinal plants as significant sources of antioxidants, highlighting their potential for drug development and the creation of innovative antioxidant therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vikas Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Surya Misri
- Section of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Kailash S. Gaira
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India; (K.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India; (K.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Balwant Rawat
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era University, Dehradun 24800, Utarakhand, India;
| | - M. A. Hannan Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (M.A.H.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (M.A.H.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Mohd Asgher
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Shoeb Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
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Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, and Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants Used for Treating Human Diarrheal Cases in Rwanda: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101231. [PMID: 34680811 PMCID: PMC8532704 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea, often caused by microorganisms, has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in Africa. Increased rates of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have reignited the quest for alternative therapies. This review aimed at identifying medicinal plants used in the treatment of human diarrheal cases in Rwanda and analyzing their ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, and phytochemistry. We searched PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and the Web of Science for published articles on medicinal plants used to treat diarrhea in Rwanda. Additionally, specialized herbarium documents of different institutes were reviewed. Articles were assessed for relevance, quality, and taxonomical accuracy before being included in this review. Overall, 63 species of medicinal plants belonging to 35 families were recorded. Asteraceae was the predominant family with six species, followed by Fabaceae and Lamiaceae, with five species each. The most reported species with anti-diarrheal properties were Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd, Clerodendrum myricoides R. Br. and Chenopodium ugandae (Aellen) Aellen. Leaves (66.7%) and roots (17.5%) were the commonly used plant parts in the preparation of medicine. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants with antidiarrheic activities were sesquiterpene lactones (V. amygdalina); terpene, sterols, saponosides, and flavonoids (C. ugandae); saponins and tannins (T. riparia); and tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids (C. myricoides). Six studies tested the antimicrobial activities of the plants against bacteria and viruses known to cause diarrhea. Erythrina abyssinica, Euphorbia tirucalli, Dracaena afromontana, and Ficus thonningii are socio-culturally important. Further research on toxicity and posology is needed to ensure the safety of medicinal plants.
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Pompeu DG, Cordeiro HG, Tonelli FCP, Godin AM, Melo ISFD, Matsui TC, Rodrigues FF, Silva JAD, Coelho MDM, Machado RR, Granjeiro PA. Chenopodin as an anti-inflammatory compound. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4435-4438. [PMID: 34544288 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1980791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chenopodin is an 11S-type globulin purified from Chenopodium quinoa seeds, which can bind carbohydrates and hemagglutinating human erythrocytes. The present study aimed to evaluate the N-terminal structure of the heterodimeric Chenopodin and its effects in models of inflammation. Chenopodin presented two subunits on its structure and has N-terminal homology with other Chenopodin in 92%. Chenopodin decreased paw edema and neutrophil recruitment induced by carrageenan in mice. Concluding, we demonstrated that Chenopodin exhibits in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávia Guimarães Pompeu
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João Del Rei (UFSJ), Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helon Guimarães Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Department, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Martins Godin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo Souza Ferraz de Melo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cardoso Matsui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose Antonio da Silva
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João Del Rei (UFSJ), Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio de Matos Coelho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renes Resende Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Granjeiro
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João Del Rei (UFSJ), Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gumisiriza H, Sesaazi CD, Olet EA, Kembabazi O, Birungi G. Medicinal plants used to treat "African" diseases by the local communities of Bwambara sub-county in Rukungiri District, Western Uganda. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113578. [PMID: 33189840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Africa, traditional medicine encompasses a diverse range of practices, including herbalism and spiritualism, where some diseases are believed to be "African" since they can only be traditionally treated. Indigenous knowledge on the management of "African" diseases using medicinal plants is still handed down orally from generation to generation by tribal societies of tropical Africa, and with the rapid westernization of these societies there is a pressing need to record local knowledge before it is lost forever. AIM This study documented medicinal plant species associated with the management of "African" diseases by the local communities of Bwambara sub-county in Rukungiri district, Western Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. The data collected included names of plant species, plant parts used, diseases treated, methods of preparation, and mode of administration of the herbal remedies. A total of 196 informants participated in the study. Data were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics and the Informant consensus factor. RESULTS We documented 67 medicinal plant species distributed over 27 families and 62 genera. The most commonly reported species belong to Asteraceae family. The most frequently used medicinal species were Chenopodium opulifolium (27), Sesbania sesban (26), Thevetia peruviana (25), Leonotis nepetifolia (23), Momordica foetida (23), Euphorbia hirta (21) and Cassia mimosoides (20). Leaves were the most commonly used plants parts and decoctions were the main method of preparation. Water was the main medium used for the preparation of the remedies which were administered orally while petroleum jelly was the main medium for those which were used as ointments. The medicinal plant species reported are used to treat 39 conditions which were clustered into 10 International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) disease categories. There is a high degree of consensus among the informants on which medicinal plant species they use for different diseases especially disorders in the following categories: neurological (FIC = 0.90), general and unspecified (FIC = 0.87), digestive (FIC = 0.86) and female genital (FIC = 0.82). CONCLUSION Local communities of Bwambara sub-county in Rukungiri district, Western Uganda use a rich diversity of medicinal plant species in the management of various "African" diseases. Therefore, collaboration between users of medicinal plants and scientists is paramount, to help in the discovery of new drugs based on indigenous knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannington Gumisiriza
- Department of Chemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Crispin Duncan Sesaazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Eunice Apio Olet
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Owen Kembabazi
- Department of Marketing and International Business, Makerere University Business School, P.O Box 1337, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Birungi
- Department of Chemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Chen HL, Lan XZ, Wu YY, Ou YW, Chen TC, Wu WT. The antioxidant activity and nitric oxide production of extracts obtained from the leaves of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:24. [PMID: 29130449 PMCID: PMC5682983 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most reports have indicated the antioxidant capacity of quinoa seeds. However, the leaves of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) are usually worthless and little known about their biological activities. In this study, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of the quinoa leaf extracts were explored. Methods: The crude leaf extracts of quinoa were extracted using water, 50% ethanol or 95% ethanol as solvent, denoted WQL, 50% EQL and 95% EQL, respectively. The antioxidant activities of quinoa leaf extracts were assessed by the ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and iron chelating. The total phenolic content was determined. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was examined to gauge the anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The 95% EQL showed a higher level of total phenolic content (569.5 mg GAE/g extract) and better DPPH scavenging activity. The WQL exhibited a better iron chelating capacity (28.9% at 10 mg/ml). The iron chelating activity of the 95% EQL increased in a concentration-dependent manner, which ranged from 10.9% up to 53.9%. The 50% EQL and 95% EQL significantly inhibited NO production in the LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the extracts of quinoa leaves possess the biological activities of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Our finding suggests that the leaf extract of quinoa has potential to be utilized for natural health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Zhen Lan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yi Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Ou
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Chi Chen
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tzu Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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