1
|
Chae YR, Lee HB, Lee YR, Yoo G, Lee E, Park M, Choi SY, Park HY. Ameliorating effects of Orostachys japonica against high-fat diet-induced obesity and gut dysbiosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118443. [PMID: 38909828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orostachys japonica (rock pine) has been used as a folk remedy to treat inflammation, hepatitis, and cancer in East Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rock pine extract (RPE) on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice and to examine its effects on gut dysbiosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The characteristic compound of RPE, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The prebiotic potential of RPE was evaluated by assessing the prebiotic activity score obtained using four prebiotic strains and high-fat (HF)-induced obesity C57BL/6 mice model. Analysis included examining the lipid metabolism and inflammatory proteins and evaluating the changes in gut permeability and metabolites to elucidate the potential signaling pathways involved. RESULTS In vitro, RPE enhanced the proliferation of beneficial probiotic strains, including Lactiplantibacillus and Bifidobacterium. HF-induced model showed that the administration of 100 mg/kg/day of RPE for 8 weeks significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the body weight, serum lipid levels, and insulin resistance, which were associated with notable changes in lipid metabolism and inflammation-related markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that rock pine consumption could mitigate obesity and metabolic endotoxemia in HF-fed mice through enhancing intestinal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rim Chae
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Bin Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Miri Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Yoon Choi
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu D, Su F, Yang G, Wang J, Zhang Y. Purification, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Novel Polysaccharide Isolated from Orostachys fimbriata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237116. [PMID: 34885697 PMCID: PMC8659062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study elucidated the structural characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Orostachys fimbriata, which is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. O. fimbriata polysaccharide (OFP) was extracted and subsequently purified by chromatography using a DEAE cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-75 column. The molecular weight was determined as 6.2 kDa. HPGPC and monosaccharide composition analysis revealed a homogeneous polysaccharide containing only Glc. Chromatography and spectral analysis showed that the possible chemical structure consisted of →4)-α-Glcp-(1→ and a small quantity of →4,6)-β-Glcp-(1→ in the main chain and →6)-β-Glcp-(1→, α-Glcp-(1→, and β-Glcp-(1→ in the side chain. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated that OFP had a multi-branched structure, and the sugar chain molecules of polysaccharide appeared aggregated. OFP was found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells and by decreasing the extent of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Datong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Fan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (D.H.); (F.S.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong L, Yang H, Wang Z, Jiang N, Zhang A. Antimicrobial peptide CC34 attenuates intestinal inflammation via downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:397. [PMID: 34422538 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigational drug CC34 is a cation peptide with multiple bioactivities. Here, we studied the anti-inflammatory effects of CC34 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse monocyte-macrophage cells (RAW264.7) and in mice with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation. In vitro, CC34 treatment with less than 50 μg/mL for 24 h did not induce cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, CC34 significantly lowered the levels of select inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were lower in RAW264.7 cells treated with CC34 + LPS than in cells treated with LPS alone. Additionally, CC34 treatment suppressed iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels in LPS-treated cells. We also observed that CC34 exerted anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB p65 in vitro. Moreover, CC34 downregulated the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the jejunum tissue and serum of LPS-treated mice. We also found that the myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were decreased, and the pathological damages were effectively abated in the jejunum tissue of CC34 + LPS-treated mice. In summary, we demonstrated that CC34 exerted anti-inflammatory activities, associated with the neutralization of LPS, inhibition of ROS, inhibition the NF-κB signaling pathway, and down-regulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, CC34 may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Z, Qi J, Zhao J, Seo JH, Shin DG, Cha JD, Lim CW, Kim JW, Kim B. Orostachys japonicus ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113392. [PMID: 32946962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (O. japonicus), referred to as Wa-song in Korea is a traditional and herbal medicine. Even though it has been traditionally used to treat inflammation- and toxicity-related diseases, the effects of ethanol extract of O. japonicus (OJE) on acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) overdose-induced hepatotoxicity have not been determined yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of OJE against APAP-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated orally with OJE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) for seven days before APAP (300 mg/kg) injection. After 12 h of APAP treatment, serum and liver tissues were collected. An in vitro system using primary hepatocytes was also applied in this study. RESULTS Pretreatment with OJE, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg, reduced APAP overdose-induced ALI in mice, as evidenced by decreased serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase levels, histopathological damage, and inflammation. Consistently, OJE pretreatment reduced the gene transcription of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A11 and CYP1A2 in livers of mice injected with or without APAP, at least in part, via inactivation of nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR). Furthermore, the role of PXR in mediating the OJE regulation of CYPs was confirmed in primary hepatocytes, which showed that OJE pretreatment inhibited PXR activity and APAP hepatotoxicity enhanced by pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile, a mouse agonist of PXR. Besides, the antioxidative activity provided by OJE, involving increases in hepatic glutathione (GSH) content and decreases in malondialdehyde levels, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effects in normal and injured livers. Moreover, APAP-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in mice liver were indirectly inhibited by pretreatment with OJE. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings showed that OJE attenuated APAP-induced ALI by decreasing APAP-metabolizing enzymes via inactivation of PXR and the restoration of hepatic GSH content. Therefore, OJE could be a promising hepatoprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Zhou
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jing Qi
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jing Zhao
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Seo
- Research & Development Center of GENERAL BIO Co., Ltd, Namwon, Jeollabuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Dong Gue Shin
- Research & Development Center of GENERAL BIO Co., Ltd, Namwon, Jeollabuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Dan Cha
- Research & Development Center of GENERAL BIO Co., Ltd, Namwon, Jeollabuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang HK, Hyun CG. Anti-inflammatory Effect of d-(+)-Cycloserine Through Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20920481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, additional therapeutic potentials of classical antibiotics are gaining considerable attention. The discovery of penicillin in the 1920s had a major impact on the history of human health. Penicillin has been used for the treatment for fatal microbial infections in humans and has led to the discovery of several new antibiotics. d-(+)-Cycloserine (DCS) is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces orchidaceous and is used in conjunction with other drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis. However, there have been no studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of DCS in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of DCS, we examined the ability of DCS to inhibit the inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in this study. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cells were pretreated with various concentrations (2, 4, and 6 mM) of DCS, then treated with 1 μg/mL LPS to detect its anti-inflammatory effects. d-(+)-Cycloserine inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration-dependent manner, and to some extent, inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2. Consistent with these findings, DCS suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. However, it had no effect on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α. Western blot analysis demonstrated that DCS inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and suppressed cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) expression. In addition, investigation of its effects on nuclear factor kappa B signaling showed that DCS inhibited phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B-α (IκB-α) and increased intracellular IκB-α in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, DCS inhibited the phosphorylation of LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase, however it did not affect phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38. Further studies confirmed that the inhibition of phosphorylation of IκB-α was mediated through the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway. To determine the applicability of DCS to the skin, cytotoxicity on HaCaT keratinocytes was measured following treatment with various concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM) of DCS using MTT assay. These results suggest that DCS may be used as a potential drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Na EJ, Kim DJ, Kim JH, Kim GR. Recent trends in anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory studies in modern health care. Technol Health Care 2020; 27:519-530. [PMID: 31156189 DOI: 10.3233/thc-191736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was planned to investigate the research trends related to naturally derived anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity components. The main purpose of this study was to find out and develop natural health cosmetic ingredients which has high effects on lipid degradation, moisturizing and elasticity enhancement. OBJECTIVE We all hope this research provided systematic and practical data that can suggest an opportunity to further develop new products. METHODS This is a descriptive research which classified the natural and traditional components that have important obesity management effects based on the experimental technique (in vitro and in vivo). we investigated the effects of 13 natural raw materials selected through preliminary investigation on lipid metabolism related enzyme activity. We first introduced Ainsliaea acerifolea, Onion, pear, Sanguisorba, Limonium tetragonum, Cornus walteri, Loquat, and Loquat-which have recently been shown to be effective in anti-obesity tests, and then described the research methods by showing the effects of onion extracts, Glasswort, Pine Cone (Korean white pine), Orostachys japonicus, African mangoes, Pepper, and Clathratum (sea weed), which actually had effects on anti-obesity in the in vivo experiment. RESULTS As a result of investigating the effect of 13 natural raw materials selected through a preliminary investigation on lipid metabolism related enzyme activity, the study found nature-derived ingredients which induce anti-inflammatory and enhance the anti-obesity enzyme activity, and ingredients showing myriads of biological activities such as anti-oxidant, body fat reduction, lowering of blood cholesterol, and weight control. CONCLUSION In this paper, we would like to delve into the possibility of using natural components with natural lipid-lowering effect, and systematically and practically study if they can actually be helpful to develop new cosmetic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Na
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Jin Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Sports, Bucheon University, Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuck Kim
- Department of Medical Beauty Care, Jungwon University, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Gyu-Ri Kim
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetic Science, Eulji University, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SH, Lee HS. The Lipid Efflux Effects of Dichloromethane Extract from Orostachys japonicusin 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.4.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Orostachys japonicus ethanol extract inhibits 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC expression in HaCaT cells. Toxicol Res 2019; 36:99-108. [PMID: 32257921 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions has increased due to the elevated levels of allergens worldwide. Natural-origin agents, which are effective and safe, show promise for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions. Orostachys japonicus (OJ) A. Berger is an ingredient of traditional herbal medicines for fever, gingivitis, and cancer in Korea, China, and Japan. However, the effect of OJ on AD-like skin lesions is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of OJ ethanol extract (OJEE) on AD-like skin symptoms in mice and cells. OJEE reduced the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD severity, serum levels of IgE and TARC, and mRNA levels of TARC, TNF-α, and IL-4 in NC/Nga mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OJEE reduced the thickness of the epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells in ear tissue. Furthermore, OJEE suppressed the TNF-α/IFN-γ-increased TARC mRNA level by inhibiting NF-κB and STAT1 activation in HaCaT cells. Taken together, our findings show that OJEE reduced the risk of AD-like skin symptoms by decreasing TARC expression via inhibiting NF-κB and STAT1 activation in skin keratinocytes and thus shows promise as an alternative therapy for AD-like skin lesions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Anticancer Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Orostachys japonicus on MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Extensive Induction of Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antimetastasis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8951510. [PMID: 31781282 PMCID: PMC6874866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8951510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The antibreast cancer activities of the ethyl acetate fraction from Orostachys japonicus (OJEF) were investigated in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells through WST assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry analysis, and western blotting. OJEF effectively inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing apoptosis via intrinsic, extrinsic, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathways, cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase, and antimetastasis including inhibition of tight junction, adherens junction, invasion, and migration. The MAPK family-mediated upstream signal transduction through p-p38 and p-ERK was considered to affect the downstream signal transduction including induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and antimetastasis. In conclusion, we executed an integrated study on the anticancer activities of OJEF, which extensively induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and antimetastasis in estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells known to be liable to metastasize.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim JH, Nam GS, Kim SH, Ryu DS, Lee DS. Orostachys japonicus exerts antipancreatic cancer activity through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PANC-1 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3549-3559. [PMID: 31763005 PMCID: PMC6848830 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy at the molecular level is important for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study looked over the anticancer activity of Orostachys japonicus in a human pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1. An ethyl acetate fraction containing quercetin, kaempferol, and flavonol glycosides from O. japonicus (OJE) exhibited significant anticancer activity against the PANC-1. OJE activated caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, leading to the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. It also inhibited cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, representing cell cycle arrest at both G1/S and G2/M phases. In addition, OJE phosphorylated MAPKs such as p38, JNK, and ERK, which are important upstream signaling factors in apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle inducing system. In conclusion, OJE effectively exerted antipancreatic cancer activity via induction of apoptosis directed by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and arrest of cell cycle regulated at both G1/S and G2/M stages, which is activated by MAPKs, p38, JNK, and ERK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
| | - Gi Suk Nam
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
| | - Deok Seon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Dong Seok Lee
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao YL, Yang XW, Wu BF, Shang JH, Liu YP, Luo XD. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Pomelo Peel and Its Bioactive Coumarins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8810-8818. [PMID: 31318199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck is a popular fruit cultivated around the world, and its peels are sometimes used for the treatment of cough, abdominal pain, and indigestion in China. However, the peel is discarded after fruit consumption in most cases, and its chemical constituents and biological activities have not been validated before. The present study focused on evaluation of the chemical and pharmacological profile of coumarins from peels of C. grandis against inflammation. The extracts and phytochemicals from peels of C. grandis were prepared, and anti-inflammatory activities were carried out in vivo and in vitro, including inhibiting xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and the production of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β, prostaglandin 2, and tumor-necrosis factor α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and four major coumarins (compounds 7, 8, 13, and 16) inhibited swelling induced by xylene and carrageenan, separately, in vivo. Furthermore, 18 coumarins inhibited inflammatory factor secretion in macrophages primed by LPS, in which compounds 4, 6, 7, 10, 17 showed the most pronounced change, which were comparable to dexamethasone. In summary, peel of C. grandis showed an anti-inflammatory effect and coumarin compounds were responsible for regulating inflammatory mediators and cytokines, which might provide a novel nutritional strategy for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Fen Wu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology , Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan 650091 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jang M, Choi HY, Kim GH. Phenolic components rich ethyl acetate fraction of Orostachys japonicus inhibits lipid accumulation by regulating reactive oxygen species generation in adipogenesis. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12939. [PMID: 31368568 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Orostachys japonicus was extracted with ethyl alcohol and fractionated by a serial of organic solvents. The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most effective among the tested five fractions. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction presented epicatechin gallate, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. Treatment with O. japonicus inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. The gene expression of enzymes involved in the antioxidant system increased in O. japonicus-treated cells. messeanger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the pro-oxidant enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase4 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase suppressed in O. japonicus-treated cells. O. japonicus also inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic transcription factors (including proliferator activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α) and their target gene (adipocyte protein 2). These results suggest that O. japonicus inhibits adipogenesis by controlling pro-/anti-oxidant enzyme responses and adipogenic transcription factors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: ROS generation is markedly related to the pathogenesis and development of metabolic disorders. Treatment with O. japonicus inhibited ROS generation and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. This result indicates that O. japonicus inhibit adipogenesis by controlling pro-/anti-oxidant enzyme responses and adipogenic mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miran Jang
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Choi
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Orostachys japonicus A. Berger Extracts Induce Immunity-Enhancing Effects on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Immunosuppressed Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9461960. [PMID: 30723745 PMCID: PMC6339714 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9461960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the immunity-enhancing effects of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (OJ). To examine the immune protective effect in vitro, primary mouse splenocytes were treated with water or ethanol extracts of OJ in the absence or presence of cyclophosphamide (CY), which is a cytotoxic, immunosuppressive agent. The extracts increased the propagation of splenocytes and inhibited CY-induced cytotoxicity. Further, to examine the immunostimulatory effects in vivo, adult Wistar rats were orally administered OJ extracts with or without CY treatment. With the administration of OJ extracts, CY-treated immunosuppressed rats showed improved physical endurance, as assessed by the forced swim test. In addition, extract administration increased not only the number of immunity-related cells but also the levels of plasma cytokines. OJ extracts also recovered splenic histology in CY-treated rats. These findings suggest that an OJ regimen can enhance immunity by increasing immune cell propagation and specific plasma cytokine levels.
Collapse
|
14
|
Inhibitory effects of Orostachys malacophyllus var. iwarenge extracts on reactive oxygen species production and lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:227-236. [PMID: 30815314 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Orostachys malacophyllus var. iwarenge was extracted with water, 30 and 70% ethyl alcohol. The ethyl alcohol extracts showed higher total phenol contents and greater antioxidant effects than the water extract. Treatment with the 70% alcohol extract inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Furthermore, the 70% extract inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of the pro-oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 and of the NADPH-producing enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The mRNA and protein expressions of antioxidant enzymes, such as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase increased in cells treated with the 70% alcohol extract. In addition, this extract suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic transcription factors and of their marker genes. These results indicate that O. malacophyllus extracts inhibit lipid accumulation and ROS production by controlling adipogenic factors and pro-/anti-oxidant enzyme responses.
Collapse
|
15
|
Antiproliferative Effects of Pancratium Maritimum Extracts on Normal and Cancerous Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:52-64. [PMID: 29398752 PMCID: PMC5775994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are an important natural source of compounds used in cancer therapy. Pancratium maritimum contains potential anti-cancer agents such as alkaloids. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of P. maritimum extracts on MDA-MB-231 human epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line and on normal lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS Leaves, flowers, roots, and bulbs of P. maritimum were collected and their contents were extracted and diluted to different concentrations that were applied on MDA-MB-231 cells and normal human lymphocytes cell in vitro for different intervals. Cells viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and growth were evaluated by flow cytometry and microscopy. Parametric unpaired t-test was used to compare effects of plant extracts on treated cell cultures with untreated control cell cultures. IC50 was also calculated. RESULTS P. maritimum extract had profound effects on MDA-MB-321 cells. It inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values were 0.039, 0.035, and 0.026 mg/ml after 48, 72, and 96 hours of treatment with 0.1 mg/ml concentration of bulb extract, respectively. Those values were 0.051 and 0.03 mg/ml after 72 and 96 hours for root extract, respectively, and 0.048 mg/ml after 96 hours for flower extract. There were no significant effects of P. maritimum bulb extracts on normal lymphocytes proliferation. CONCLUSION P. maritimum extract has anti-proliferative effects on MDA-MB-231 cell line in vitro. The effects imply the involvement of mechanisms that inhibits cell growth and arresting cells at S and G2/M phases. Cyclin B1, Bcl-2, and Ki67 expression was also affected.
Collapse
|
16
|
Im DS, Lee JM, Lee J, Shin HJ, No KT, Park SH, Kim K. Inhibition of collagenase and melanogenesis by ethanol extracts of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger: possible involvement of Erk and Akt signaling pathways in melanoma cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:945-953. [PMID: 28981602 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orostachys japonicus is an herb that contains several functional components and has traditionally been used to treat various diseases in Asia. In this study, bioactive components from different parts of the O. japonicus plant were investigated, and the contents of the functional components in ethanol extracts of O. japonicus cultivated in Korea and China were compared. The antioxidant effects of O. japonicus ethanol extracts were investigated using Raw 264.7 cells. It was found that 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity was significantly decreased in the cells treated with the extracts. Moreover, the novel inhibitory functions of O. japonicus extracts on collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase were established. We also found that O. japonicus extracts strongly inhibited melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells by decreasing MITF protein levels and activating the Erk and Akt signaling pathways. Thus, these findings would be useful for developing new cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations based on O. japonicus extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sig Im
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
- SH Company, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding mechanisms of cirsimaritin extracted from Cirsium japonicum var. maackii Maxim. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3076-3080. [PMID: 28554870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of cirsimaritin isolated from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii Maxim. using RAW264.7 cells. The extract and its flavonoid cirsimaritin inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells. Cirsimaritin inhibited interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. From a western blot study, pretreatment with cirsimaritin inhibited phosphorylation/degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of Akt in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, cirsimaritin suppressed activation of LPS-induced transcription factors, such as c-fos and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), in RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, these results show that cirsimaritin possesses anti-inflammatory activity, which is regulated by inhibition of c-fos and STAT3 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Shim KS, Ha H, Kim T, Lee CJ, Ma JY. Orostachys japonicus Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation by Inhibiting NFATc1 Expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The herb Orostachys japonicus has been traditionally used to treat chronic diseases, such as hepatitis, hemorrhoids, and cancer, in Asia. In this study, we investigated the effect of Orostachys japonicus water extract (OJWE) on the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. We found that OJWE inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner without affecting bone resorption in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells. Interestingly, OJWE significantly reduced serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b, markers of bone resorption and osteoclast number, respectively, in an animal model of bone loss. Furthermore, OJWE suppressed the RANKL-induced up-regulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) expression, and activation of the p38 signaling pathway, but prevented the RANKL-mediated down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF-8), which is known to be an anti-osteoclastogenic factor that represses NFATc1 expression. We also identified gallic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside as the OJWE components that inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. These results suggest that OJWE inhibits osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression, which prevents osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. The present study elucidated a mechanism of action underlying the inhibitory effect of OJWE on osteoclast differentiation. Our findings suggest that O. japonicus has therapeutic potential for use in the treatment of bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Chung-Jo Lee
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park HJ, Yang HJ, Kim KH, Kim SH. Aqueous extract of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger exerts immunostimulatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:210-217. [PMID: 25978952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) (OJ), well-known as Wa-song in Korea is a medicinal plant with immunoregulatory, anti-febrile, antidote, and anti-cancer activities. This study was aimed at evaluating the immunostimulatory effect of O. japonicus A. Berger and its possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the effect of OJ aqueous extract on macrophage activity, we evaluated the modulation of macrophage activation state by observing structural (phagocytic activities) and the production of nitric oxide increase. The effect of OJ aqueous extract on RAW264.7 cell viability were assessed using Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay. HPLC analysis was performed to identify potential active compounds of this extract. RESULTS The biological investigations indicated that OJ aqueous extract, among others, possessed the highest macrophage activation as indicated by NO production yield. The results showed that OJ aqueous extract exhibited antioxidant effects, which included scavenging activities against DPPH radicals. OJ aqueous extract increased the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells against IgG-opsonized red blood cells (RBC). The level of phosphorylated Syk kinase was increased in OJ aqueous extract-treated group as compared to control. Phosphorylation of PLC-γ was increased in the OJ aqueous extract-treated groups. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnose and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnose was detected in OJ aqueous extract by HPLC analysis. CONCLUSIONS OJ aqueous extract might play a pivotal ethnopharmacologic role as an immunostimulatory agent by promoting Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized RBCs. On the basis of our results, OJ aqueous extract can enhance innate immunity and may serve as an adjuvant for tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Creative Food Science for Health, Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peng XX, Zhang SH, Wang XL, Ye TJ, Li H, Yan XF, Wei L, Wu ZP, Hu J, Zou CP, Wang YH, Hu XD. Panax Notoginseng flower saponins (PNFS) inhibit LPS-stimulated NO overproduction and iNOS gene overexpression via the suppression of TLR4-mediated MAPK/NF-kappa B signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages. Chin Med 2015; 10:15. [PMID: 26155304 PMCID: PMC4493833 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax Notoginseng flower saponins (PNFS) are the main active component of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen flower bud (PNF) and possess significant anti-inflammatory efficacy. This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying PNFS’ antiflammatory action in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to determine the viability of RAW264.7 macrophages. Anti-inflammation effects of PNFS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were measured based on the detection of nitric oxide (NO) overproduction (Griess method, DAF-FM DA fluorescence assay and NO2− scavenging assay), and interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene overexpression (real-time PCR and ELISA). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene overexpression was determined by real-time PCR and western blotting. iNOS enzyme activity was also assayed. The mechanisms underlying the suppression of iNOS gene overexpression by PNFS were explored using real-time PCR and western blotting to assess mRNA and protein levels of components of the Toll-like receptor 4 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling pathways. Results PNFS (50, 100, 200 μg/mL) significantly reduced LPS-induced overproduction of NO (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P = 0.103, P < 0.001, P < 0.001), but did not affect TNF-alpha overproduction. PNFS (50, 100, 200 μg/mL) also markedly decreased LPS-activated iNOS (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and TLR4 gene overexpression (P = 0.858, P = 0.046, P = 0.005). Furthermore, treatment with PNFS (200 μg/mL) suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs including P38 (P = 0.001), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (P = 0.036) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (P = 0.021). PNFS (200 μg/mL) inhibited the activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway by preventing the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-kappa B alpha (I-kappa B alpha) (P = 0.004) and P65 (P = 0.023), but PNFS (200 μg/mL) could not activate the LPS-induced PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions PNFS significantly down-regulated iNOS gene overexpression and thereby decreased NO overproduction via the inhibition of TLR4-mediated MAPK/NF-kappa B signaling pathways, but not the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Peng
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jie Ye
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yan
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ping Wu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Pu Zou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - You-Hua Wang
- Hypertension Laboratory, Cardiovascular Department, Long Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hwang YJ, Song J, Kim HR, Hwang KA. Oleanolic acid regulates NF-κB signaling by suppressing MafK expression in RAW 264.7 cells. BMB Rep 2015; 47:524-9. [PMID: 25059280 PMCID: PMC4206729 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.9.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are common to many pathological conditions. Defense mechanisms protect cells from oxidative stress, but can become over-activated following injury and inflammation. NF-κB and Nrf2 transcription factors regulate proinflammatory and antioxidant gene expression, respectively. Studies have shown that many natural dietary compounds regulate NF-κB and Nrf2, preventing inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we report major compounds of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina such as rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and caffeic acid as a potential therapeutic for oxidative stress and inflammation. The major compounds exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting NO, PGE2 production, NF-κB expression and activating Nrf2 expression. In addition, we examined the effect of major compounds on MafK expression. Among the compounds, oleanolic acid significantly decreased MafK expression and MafK-mediated p65 acetylation. These findings suggest that oleanolic acid as NF-κB inhibitors can potentially be used in therapeutic applications for the treatment of oxidative stressnduced diseases. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(9): 524-529]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 565-850, Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Haeng-Ran Kim
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 565-850, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 565-850, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim EK, Tang Y, Cha KS, Choi H, Lee CB, Yoon JH, Kim SB, Kim JS, Kim JM, Han WC, Choi SJ, Lee S, Choi EJ, Kim SH. Artemisia asiatica Nakai Attenuates the Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators in Stimulated Macrophages Through Modulation of Nuclear Factor-κB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways. J Med Food 2015; 18:921-8. [PMID: 26061361 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanism of action of Artemisia asiatica Nakai (A. asiatica Nakai) extract in activated murine macrophages. A. asiatica Nakai extract showed dose-dependent suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 activity. It also showed dose-dependent inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus and as an inhibitor of NF-κB-alpha phosphorylation. The extract's inhibitory effects were found to be mediated through NF-κB inhibition and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 in LPS-stimulated J774A.1 murine macrophages, suggesting a potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of A. asiatica Nakai. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-inflammatory effects of A. asiatica Nakai on J774A.1 murine macrophages; these results may help develop functional foods possessing an anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- 1 Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea.,2 Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Yujiao Tang
- 1 Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea.,2 Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Cha
- 3 Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Heeri Choi
- 3 Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Chun Bok Lee
- 4 Department of Korean Food and Culinary Arts, Youngsan University , Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Yoon
- 5 Institute for Natural Science Research, Hannam University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Bae Kim
- 6 Division of Sports Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Shik Kim
- 7 Department of Sports Industry & Welfare, Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Jong Moon Kim
- 8 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital , Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Weon Cheol Han
- 9 Department Pathology, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University , Sanbon, Korea
| | - Suck-Jun Choi
- 10 Department of Medical Non-Commissioned Officer, Wonkwang Health Science University , Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- 11 Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- 3 Division of Sport Science, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Chungju, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- 12 Laboratory of Immunotoxicology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Orostachys japonicus Inhibits Expression of the TLR4, NOD2, iNOS, and COX-2 Genes in LPS-Stimulated Human PMA-Differentiated THP-1 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:682019. [PMID: 25810745 PMCID: PMC4355124 DOI: 10.1155/2015/682019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Orostachys japonicus is traditionally used as an inflammatory agent. In this report, we investigated the effects of O. japonicus extract on the expression of genes encoding pathogen-recognition receptors (TLR2, TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2) and proinflammatory factors (iNOS, COX-2, and cytokines) in LPS-stimulated PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells and the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. O. japonicus induced toxicity at high concentrations but had no effect at concentrations lower than 25 μg/mL. O. japonicus inhibited LPS-induced TLR4 and NOD2 mRNA levels, suppressed LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 transcription and translocation, and downregulated LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) mRNA levels. In addition, O. japonicus inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation and IκBα degradation and suppressed LPS-induced JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK phosphorylation. Overall, our results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of O. japonicus are mediated by suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling, resulting in reduced TLR4, NOD2, iNOS, and COX-2 expression and inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee HS, Lee GS, Kim SH, Kim HK, Suk DH, Lee DS. Anti-oxidizing effect of the dichloromethane and hexane fractions from Orostachys japonicus in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via upregulation of Nrf2 expression and activation of MAPK signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2014; 47:98-103. [PMID: 24219867 PMCID: PMC4163900 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.2.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orostachys japonicus shows various biological activities. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Here, we investigated the anti-oxidizing effect of the dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane fractions from O. japonicus (OJD and OJH) against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. OJD and OJH significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, it was found that the expression of HO-1 was stimulated by Nrf2 activated via degradation of Keap1. ERK and p38 inhibitors repressed HO-1 induced by OJD and OJH in LPS-stimulated cells, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that OJD and OJH may block oxidative damage stimulated by LPS, via increasing the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2, and MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Seon Lee
- Departments of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seon Lee
- Departments of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Departments of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Natural Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon 740-704, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Suk
- Departments of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- Departments of Smart Foods and Drugs, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim SH, Ryu DS, Lee HS, Shin HR, Kwon JH, Lee DS. Acute oral toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Orostachys japonicus in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1345-1350. [PMID: 25026339 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.892142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Orostachys japonicus (Crassulaceae) is referred to as Wa-song in Korea. It is used as an anti-inflammatory, antifebrile, hemostatic, and anti cancer agent, and as an antidote. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of O. japonicus (OJE) after the oral administration in Balb/c mice of both sexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were oral administered a single doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of body weight and were monitored for 14 d. Biochemical parameters [aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), globulin (GB), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CR)] and histopathological examination of liver were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION No animals died and no toxic changes were observed in clinical signs, body weight, and organ weight. The LD50 of orally administered OJE was higher than 2000 mg/kg/d in both sexes. No toxicological findings were found in biochemical parameters. In histophathological examination, neutrophilic infiltration was observed at a dose of 2000 mg/kg group in both sexes. These finding suggest that oral administration of OJE does not produce acute toxicity. Therefore, these results could provide satisfactory preclinical evidence of safety to launch clinical trials on standardized formulation of OJE to be a biohealth product.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ryu DS, Kim SH, Kwon JH, Lee DS. Orostachys japonicus induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:459-69. [PMID: 24789703 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anticancer mechanisms of the ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction from Orostachys japonicus in human gastric cancer (AGS) cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the number of total apoptotic cells following treatment with the EtOAc fraction increased in a dose-dependent manner. In the cell cycle analyses, the EtOAc fraction increased the peak in the sub-G1, indicating apoptosis, and in the G₂/M phases in a dose-dependent manner. In the RT-PCR analysis, the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK 1) and cyclin B1 decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results of western blotting revealed that the protein levels of p53, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3, -8 and -9 proteins increased and those of B cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) and pro-caspase-3, -8 and -9 proteins decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas the levels of bcl-2-associated x protein (bax) remained unchanged. Furthermore, the changes in the levels of pro-caspase-3, -8 and -9 and cleaved caspase-3, -8 and -9 were abolished by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. In addition, phosphorylation of p38 and JNK increased in a time-dependent manner. These results, for the first time, provide an understanding of the potential anticancer activity of the O. japonicus, which functions through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Seon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hae Kwon
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee GS, Lee HS, Kim SH, Suk DH, Ryu DS, Lee DS. Anti-cancer activity of the ethylacetate fraction from Orostachys japonicus for modulation of the signaling pathway in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
28
|
Flavonoids Identified from Korean Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Inhibit Inflammatory Signaling by Suppressing Activation of NF- κ B and MAPK in RAW 264.7 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:912031. [PMID: 24348728 PMCID: PMC3857833 DOI: 10.1155/2013/912031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been used as traditional medicine for treating inflammatory diseases, hepatitis, tumors, and diarrhea in Asia. Hence, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and determined the molecular mechanism of action of flavonoids isolated from Korean S. baicalensis G. in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to examine cytotoxicity of the flavonoids at various concentrations of 10, 40, 70, and 100 µg/mL. No cytotoxicity was observed in RAW 264.7 cells at these concentrations. Furthermore, the flavonoids decreased production of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and inhibited phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, to identify the differentially expressed proteins in RAW 264.7 cells of the control, LPS-treated, and flavonoid-treated groups, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were conducted. The identified proteins were involved in the inflammatory response and included PRKA anchor protein and heat shock protein 70 kD. These findings suggest that the flavonoids isolated from S. baicalensis G. might have anti-inflammatory effects that regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway via the MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cho JE, Park SJ, Cho SN, Lee HY, Kim YS. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) are involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced expression of Leukotactin-1. BMB Rep 2012; 45:583-8. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
30
|
KIM HYEJEONG, HAN MINHO, KIM GIYOUNG, CHOI YOUNGWHAN, CHOI YUNGHYUN. Hexane extracts of garlic cloves induce apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species in Hep3B human hepatocarcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1757-63. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
31
|
SHIN DONGYEOK, PARK YOUSOO, YANG KWANGMO, KIM GIYOUNG, KIM WUNJAE, HAN MINHO, KANG HOSUNG, CHOI YUNGHYUN. Decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:910-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|