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Jiao P, Ma J, Zhao Y, Jia X, Zhang H, Fan W, Jia X, Bai X, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Zhang H, Guo J, Pang G, Zhang K, Fang M, Li M, Liu W, Smith GL, Sun L. The nuclear localization signal of monkeypox virus protein P2 orthologue is critical for inhibition of IRF3-mediated innate immunity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2372344. [PMID: 38916407 PMCID: PMC11229740 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2372344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) genus of the Poxviridae includes human pathogens variola virus (VARV), monkeypox virus (MPXV), vaccinia virus (VACV), and a number of zoonotic viruses. A number of Bcl-2-like proteins of VACV are involved in escaping the host innate immunity. However, little work has been devoted to the evolution and function of their orthologues in other OPXVs. Here, we found that MPXV protein P2, encoded by the P2L gene, and P2 orthologues from other OPXVs, such as VACV protein N2, localize to the nucleus and antagonize interferon (IFN) production. Exceptions to this were the truncated P2 orthologues in camelpox virus (CMLV) and taterapox virus (TATV) that lacked the nuclear localization signal (NLS). Mechanistically, the NLS of MPXV P2 interacted with karyopherin α-2 (KPNA2) to facilitate P2 nuclear translocation, and competitively inhibited KPNA2-mediated IRF3 nuclear translocation and downstream IFN production. Deletion of the NLS in P2 or orthologues significantly enhanced IRF3 nuclear translocation and innate immune responses, thereby reducing viral replication. Moreover, deletion of NLS from N2 in VACV attenuated viral replication and virulence in mice. These data demonstrate that the NLS-mediated translocation of P2 is critical for P2-induced inhibition of innate immunity. Our findings contribute to an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of OPXV P2 orthologue in innate immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianing Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuna Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yongxu Lu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Pang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghua Li
- Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geoffrey L. Smith
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Nowak N, Sas-Nowosielska H, Szymański J. Nuclear Rac1 controls nuclear architecture and cell migration of glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130632. [PMID: 38677529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) protein has been found in the cell nucleus many years ago, however, its nuclear functions are still poorly characterized but some data suggest its nuclear accumulation in cancers. We investigated nuclear Rac1 in glioma cancer cells nuclei and compared its levels and activity to normal astrocytes, and also characterized the studied cells on various nuclear properties and cell migration patterns. Nuclear Rac1 indeed was found accumulated in glioma cells, but only a small percentage of the protein was in active, GTP-bound state in comparison to healthy control. Altering the nuclear activity of Rac1 influenced chromatin architecture and cell motility in GTP-dependent and independent manner. This suggests that the landscape of Rac1 nuclear interactions might be as complicated and wide as its well-known, non-nuclear signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nowak
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Insitute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hanna Sas-Nowosielska
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Insitute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Insitute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Shi H, Lin B, Huang Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Lin C, Wang Z, Zhu J, Zhao Y, Fu X, Lou Z, Li X, Xiao J. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes melanocyte migration via activating PI3K/Akt-Rac1-FAK-JNK and ERK signaling pathways. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:735-47. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Beibei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Cai Lin
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Yingzhen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Zhencai Lou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; The Affiliated YiWu Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University; Yiwu China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
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2-Cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride alters lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokines and neuronal morphology in mouse fetal brain. Neuropharmacology 2016; 102:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cho CH, Kim J, Ahn JY, Hahn HG, Cho SW. N-adamantyl-4-methylthiazol-2-amine suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced brain inflammation by regulating NF-κB signaling in mice. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 289:98-104. [PMID: 26616878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report that N-adamantyl-4-methylthiazol-2-amine (KHG26693), a novel thiazole derivative, can prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation in mice. In this LPS-induced model of brain inflammation, administration of KHG26693 effectively prevented increases in the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, prostaglandin E2, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide, and mitigated reductions in the levels of superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus. KHG26693 also prevented reductions in the levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, pretreatment with KHG26693 prior to LPS treatment dramatically attenuated the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels. Moreover, pretreatment with KHG26693 significantly suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα through the inactivation of IKKβ. Additionally, KHG26693 caused the downregulation of LPS-induced cystathionine-b-synthase gene expression in the brain. Although the clinical relevance of our findings remains to be determined, our data suggest that KHG26693 might prevent neuronal cell injury via the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoh-Gyu Hahn
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Kim EA, Cho CH, Kim DW, Choi SY, Huh JW, Cho SW. Antioxidative effects of ethyl 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ureido)acetate against amyloid β-induced oxidative cell death via NF-κB, GSK-3β and β-catenin signaling pathways in cultured cortical neurons. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:411-21. [PMID: 25747393 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1007048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that 2-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ureido)acetate (KHG21834) attenuates amyloid beta(Aβ)25-35-induced apoptotic death and shows anti-inflammatory activity against Aβ25-35-induced microglial activation. However, antioxidative effects of KHG21834 against Aβ-induced oxidative stress have not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative function of KHG21834 in primary cultured cortical neurons, to expand the potential therapeutic efficacy of KHG21834. Pretreatment with KHG21834 protected against Aβ-induced neuronal cell death and mitochondrial damage, and significantly restored GSH levels and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and also suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and protein oxidation. These results imply that KHG21834 may play a role in cellular defense mechanisms against Aβ-induced oxidative stress in cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, KHG21834 significantly attenuated the effects of Aβ treatment on levels of NF-κB, β-catenin, and GSK-3β proteins in cortical neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that the antioxidant effects of KHG21834 may result at least in part from its ability to regulate the NF-κB, β-catenin, and GSK-3β signaling pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that KHG21834 significantly attenuates Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons, and provides novel insights into KHG21834 as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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Park J, Bae EK, Lee C, Choi JH, Jung WJ, Ahn KS, Yoon SS. Establishment and characterization of bortezomib-resistant U266 cell line: constitutive activation of NF-κB-mediated cell signals and/or alterations of ubiquitylation-related genes reduce bortezomib-induced apoptosis. BMB Rep 2014; 47:274-9. [PMID: 24286313 PMCID: PMC4163865 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.5.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib has been known as the most promising anti-cancer drug for multiple myeloma (MM). However, recent studies reported that not all MM patients respond to bortezomib. To overcome such a stumbling-block, studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of bortezomib resistance. In this study, we established a bortezomib-resistant cell line (U266/velR), and explored its biological characteristics. The U266/velR showed reduced sensitivity to bortezomib, and also showed crossresistance to the chemically unrelated drug thalidomide. U266/velR cells had a higher proportion of CD138 negative subpopulation, known as stem-like feature, compared to parental U266 cells. U266/velR showed relatively less inhibitory effect of prosurvival NF-κB signaling by bortezomib. Further analysis of RNA microarray identified genes related to ubiquitination that were differentially regulated in U266/velR. Moreover, the expression level of CD52 in U266 cells was associated with bortezomib response. Our findings provide the basis for developing therapeutic strategies in bortezomib-resistant relapsed and refractory MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Chansu Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jee-Hye Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Woo June Jung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Kwang-Sung Ahn
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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2-Cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline Hydrochloride Protects Against Beta-amyloid-induced Activation of the Apoptotic Cascade in Cultured Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:963-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Kim EA, Choi J, Han AR, Cho CH, Choi SY, Ahn JY, Cho SW. 2-Cyclopropylimino-3-Methyl-1,3-Thiazoline Hydrochloride Inhibits Microglial Activation by Suppression of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:461-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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