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Li L, Li J, Lu Y, Li W, Yang J, Wang M, Miao C, Tian Z, Zhang M, Tang X. Conditional knockout mouse model reveals a critical role of peroxiredoxin 1 in oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31227. [PMID: 38818156 PMCID: PMC11137383 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is an antioxidant protein that may promote the carcinogenesis in oral leukoplakia (OLK). To investigate the effect of Prx1 on the oral mucosal epithelium of OLK, we generated a Prx1 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. The mRNA and gRNA were generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technique. An infusion cloning method was used to construct a homologous recombination vector. To obtain the F0 generation mice, fertilized eggs of C57BL/6J mice were microinjected with Cas9 mRNA, gRNA, and a donor vector. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing were used to identify F1 generation mice. Using the cyclization recombination-enzyme-locus of the X-overP1 (Cre-loxP) system, we created a Prx1 cKO mouse model, and the effectiveness of the knockout was confirmed through immunohistochemistry. We examined the influence of Prx1 knockout on the occurrence of OLK in mice by constructing a model of tongue mucosa carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Prx1 modification was present in the F1 generation, as evidenced by PCR amplification and sequencing. Prx1flox/flox: Cre + mice exhibited normal growth and fertility. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tongue epithelial cells in Prx1flox/flox: Cre + mice displayed a distinct deletion of Prx1. An examination of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues revealed no visible histological changes. Histological analysis showed a reduction in the occurrence of the malignant transformation of OLK in the tongue tissues of Prx1flox/flox: Cre + mice. Ki67 immunostaining showed that Prx1 knockout significantly inhibited cell proliferation in the tongue epithelial. Our research developed a conditional knockout mouse model for Prx1. The obtained results provide insights into the function of Prx1 in the development of oral cancer and emphasize its potential as a therapeutic target for precancerous oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Miao
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Tian
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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McIlvenna LC, Whitham M. Exercise, healthy ageing, and the potential role of small extracellular vesicles. J Physiol 2023; 601:4937-4951. [PMID: 35388915 PMCID: PMC10952297 DOI: 10.1113/jp282468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released from most cells in the body and act as intercellular messengers transferring information in their cargo to affect cellular function. A growing body of evidence suggests that a subset of EVs, referred to here as 'small extracellular vesicles' (sEVs), can accelerate or slow the processes of ageing and age-related diseases dependent on their molecular cargo and cellular origin. Continued exploration of the vast complexity of the sEV cargo aims to further characterise these systemic vehicles that may be targeted to ameliorate age-related pathologies. Marked progress in the development of mass spectrometry-based technologies means that it is now possible to characterise a significant proportion of the proteome of sEVs (surface and cargo) via unbiased proteomics. This information is vital for identifying biomarkers and the development of sEV-based therapeutics in the context of ageing. Although exercise and physical activity are prominent features in maintaining health in advancing years, the mechanisms responsible are unclear. A potential mechanism by which plasma sEVs released during exercise could influence ageing and senescence is via the increased delivery of cargo proteins that function as antioxidant enzymes or inhibitors of senescence. These have been observed to increase in sEVs following acute and chronic exercise, as identified via independent interrogation of high coverage, publicly available proteomic datasets. Establishing tropism and exchange of functionally active proteins by these processes represents a promising line of enquiry in implicating sEVs as biologically relevant mediators of the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. McIlvenna
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Martin Whitham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Wu M, Deng C, Lo TH, Chan KY, Li X, Wong CM. Peroxiredoxin, Senescence, and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111772. [PMID: 35681467 PMCID: PMC9179887 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are multifunctional enzymes that play a key role in protecting cells from stresses and maintaining the homeostasis of many cellular processes. Peroxiredoxins were firstly identified as antioxidant enzymes that can be found in all living organisms. Later studies demonstrated that peroxiredoxins also act as redox signaling regulators, chaperones, and proinflammatory factors and play important roles in oxidative defense, redox signaling, protein folding, cycle cell progression, DNA integrity, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. The versatility of peroxiredoxins is mainly based on their unique active center cysteine with a wide range of redox states and the ability to switch between low- and high-molecular-weight species for regulating their peroxidase and chaperone activities. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of peroxiredoxin in these processes will allow the development of new approaches to enhance longevity and to treat various cancers. In this article, we briefly review the history of peroxiredoxins, summarize recent advances in our understanding of peroxiredoxins in aging- and cancer-related biological processes, and discuss the future perspectives of using peroxiredoxins in disease diagnostics and treatments.
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Expanding the armory for treating lymphoma: Targeting redox cellular status through thioredoxin reductase inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zakharov PN, Hu H, Wan X, Unanue ER. Single-cell RNA sequencing of murine islets shows high cellular complexity at all stages of autoimmune diabetes. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151619. [PMID: 32251514 PMCID: PMC7971127 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific autoimmune diseases are driven by activation of diverse immune cells in the target organs. However, the molecular signatures of immune cell populations over time in an autoimmune process remain poorly defined. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we performed an unbiased examination of diverse islet-infiltrating cells during autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse. The data revealed a landscape of transcriptional heterogeneity across the lymphoid and myeloid compartments. Memory CD4 and cytotoxic CD8 T cells appeared early in islets, accompanied by regulatory cells with distinct phenotypes. Surprisingly, we observed a dramatic remodeling in the islet microenvironment, in which the resident macrophages underwent a stepwise activation program. This process resulted in polarization of the macrophage subpopulations into a terminal proinflammatory state. This study provides a single-cell atlas defining the staging of autoimmune diabetes and reveals that diabetic autoimmunity is driven by transcriptionally distinct cell populations specialized in divergent biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N Zakharov
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hao Hu
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xiaoxiao Wan
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Emil R Unanue
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Lu Y, Li L, Chen H, Jing X, Wang M, Ge L, Yang J, Zhang M, Tang X. Peroxiredoxin1 Knockdown Inhibits Oral Carcinogenesis via Inducing Cell Senescence Dependent on Mitophagy. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:239-251. [PMID: 33469304 PMCID: PMC7812030 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s284182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cellular senescence is a physiological phenomenon by which cells irreversibly lose their proliferative potential. It is not clear whether senescent cells are related to malignant transformation in oral precancerous lesions. The role of peroxiredoxin1 (Prx1)-induced cell senescence in OLK malignant transformation has not been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the role and mechanism of cell senescence in oral carcinogenesis. Methods In this study, 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced tongue carcinogenesis model in Prx1+/+ and Prx1+/- mice and dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) were used. Prx1 knockdown DOK cells were harvested with shRNA injection, and cell senescence was detected via the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) assay. The senescence and mitophagy-related proteins were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot and qRT-PCR. The binding of Prx1 with prohibitin 2 (PHB2) and light chain 3 (LC3) was predicted via ZDOCK and measured in mice by Duolink analysis. Results Histologically, 4NQO treatment induced epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia (mild, moderate and severe), carcinomas in situ and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in mouse tongue mucosa. The malignant transformation rate in Prx1+/- mice (37.5%) was significantly lower compared with Prx1+/+ mice (57.1%). In Prx1+/+ mice, a higher number of senescent cells and greater expression of p53 and p21 were observed in hyperplastic and dysplastic tongue tissues when compared with those in OSCC tissues. Prx1 knockdown induced a greater number of senescent cells in hyperplastic tissues, and DOK cells accompanied cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and PHB2/LC3II downregulation. Prx1 was predicted to dock with PHB2 and LC3 via ZDOCK, and the interactions were confirmed by in situ Duolink analysis. Conclusion Prx1 silencing inhibits the oral carcinogenesis by inducing cell senescence dependent on mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Lu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Jing
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Jia C, Ke-Hong C, Fei X, Huan-Zi D, Jie Y, Li-Ming W, Xiao-Yue W, Jian-Guo Z, Ya-Ni H. Decoy receptor 2 mediation of the senescent phenotype of tubular cells by interacting with peroxiredoxin 1 presents a novel mechanism of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2020; 98:645-662. [PMID: 32739204 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Premature senescence of renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC), which is involved in kidney fibrosis, is a key event in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) in kidney fibrosis and the senescent phenotype of RTEC. DcR2 was specifically expressed in senescent RTEC and associated with kidney fibrosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy and mice with streptozotocin-induced with diabetic nephropathy. Knockdown of DcR2 decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, fibronectin and serum creatinine levels in streptozotocin-induced mice. DcR2 knockdown also inhibited the expression of senescent markers p16, p21, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and senescence-associated heterochromatic foci and promoted the secretion of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype including IL-6, TGF-β1, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in vitro and in vivo. However, DcR2 overexpression showed the opposite effects. Quantitative proteomics and validation studies revealed that DcR2 interacted with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), which regulated the cell cycle and senescence. Knockdown of PRDX1 upregulated p16 and cyclin D1 while downregulating cyclin-dependent kinase 6 expression in vitro, resulting in RTEC senescence. Furthermore, PRDX1 knockdown promoted DcR2-induced p16, cyclin D1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 expression, whereas PRDX1 overexpression led to the opposite results. Subsequently, DcR2 regulated PRDX1 phosphorylation, which could be inhibited by the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Thus, DcR2 mediated the senescent phenotype of RTEC and kidney fibrosis by interacting with PRDX1. Hence, DcR2 may act as a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Ke-Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dai Huan-Zi
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Jie
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Li-Ming
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Xiao-Yue
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Jian-Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Ya-Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Panday S, Talreja R, Kavdia M. The role of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in regulating cellular level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Microvasc Res 2020; 131:104010. [PMID: 32335268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme system is essential for normal intracellular homeostasis and gets disturbed under pathophysiologic conditions including endothelial dysfunction. Overproduction of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including superoxide (O2•-), and the loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a characteristic of endothelial dysfunction. The GSH/GPX system play an important role in eliminating ROS/RNS. Studies have provided important information regarding the interactions of ROS/RNS with the GSH/GPX in biological systems; however, it is not clear how this cross talk affect these reactive species and GSH/GPX enzyme system, under physiologic and oxidative/nitrosative stress conditions. In the present study, we developed a detailed endothelial cell kinetic model to understand the relationship amongst the key enzyme systems including GSH, GPX, peroxiredoxin (Prx) and reactive species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3). Our simulation results showed that the alterations in the generation rates of O2•- and NO led to the formation of a wide range of ROS and RNS. Simulations performed by varying the ratio of O2•- to NO generation rates as well as GSH and GPX concentrations showed that the GPX reducing capacity was dependent on GSH availability, level of oxidative/nitrosative stress, and can be attributed to N2O3 levels, but not to H2O2 and ONOO-. Our results showed that N2O3 mediated switch-like depletion in GSH and the incorporation of Prx had no considerable effect on the ROS/RNS species other than ONOO- and H2O2. The analysis presented in this study will improve our understanding of vascular diseases in which the levels and oxidation states of GSH, GPX and/or Prx are significantly altered and pharmacological interventions show limited benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Panday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Raghav Talreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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Lee YJ. Knockout Mouse Models for Peroxiredoxins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020182. [PMID: 32098329 PMCID: PMC7070531 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are members of a highly conserved peroxidase family and maintain intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. The family members are expressed in most organisms and involved in various biological processes, such as cellular protection against ROS, inflammation, carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis, heart diseases, and metabolism. In mammals, six PRDX members have been identified and are subdivided into three subfamilies: typical 2-Cys (PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, and PRDX4), atypical 2-Cys (PRDX5), and 1-Cys (PRDX6) subfamilies. Knockout mouse models of PRDXs have been developed to investigate their in vivo roles. This review presents an overview of the knockout mouse models of PRDXs with emphases on the biological and physiological changes of these model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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10
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Yoon SB, Park YH, Choi SA, Yang HJ, Jeong PS, Cha JJ, Lee S, Lee SH, Lee JH, Sim BW, Koo BS, Park SJ, Lee Y, Kim YH, Hong JJ, Kim JS, Jin YB, Huh JW, Lee SR, Song BS, Kim SU. Real-time PCR quantification of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) using a universal primer method. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219978. [PMID: 31329612 PMCID: PMC6645673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA processing plays a crucial role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Upon accumulation of the UPR-converted XBP1 mRNA splicing from an unspliced (u) XBP1 (inactive) isoform to the spliced (s) XBP1 (active) isoform, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) removes a 26-nucleotide intron from uXBP1 mRNA. Recent studies have reported the assessment of ER stress by examining the ratio of sXBP1 to uXBP1 mRNA (s/uXBP1 ratio) via densitometric analysis of PCR bands relative to increased levels of sXBP1 to uXBP1 using a housekeeping gene for normalization. However, this measurement is visualized by gel electrophoresis, making it very difficult to quantify differences between the two XBP1 bands and complicating data interpretation. Moreover, most commonly used housekeeping genes display an unacceptably high variable expression pattern of the s/uXBP1 ratio under different experimental conditions, such as various phases of development and different cell types, limiting their use as internal controls. For a more quantitative determination of XBP1 splicing activity, we measured the expression levels of total XBP1 (tXBP1: common region of s/uXBP1) and sXBP1 via real-time PCR using specific primer sets. We also designed universal real-time PCR primer sets capable of amplifying a portion of each u/s/tXBP1 mRNA that is highly conserved in eukaryotes, including humans, monkeys, cows, pigs, and mice. Therefore, we provide a more convenient and easily approachable quantitative real-time PCR method that can be used in various research fields to assess ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bin Yoon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Primate Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-A Choi
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Yang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Soo Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Cha
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Je Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Primate Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BSS); (SUK)
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BSS); (SUK)
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11
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Kwon T, Chandimali N, Lee DH, Son Y, Yoon SB, Lee JR, Lee S, Kim KJ, Lee SY, Kim SY, Jo YJ, Kim M, Park BJ, Lee JK, Jeong DK, Kim JS. Potential Applications of Non-thermal Plasma in Animal Husbandry to Improve Infrastructure. In Vivo 2019; 33:999-1010. [PMID: 31280188 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrastructure in animal husbandry refers to fundamental facilities and services necessary for better living conditions of animals and its economy to function through better productivity. Mainly, infrastructure can be divided into two categories: hard infrastructure and soft infrastructure. Physical infrastructure, such as buildings, roads, and water supplying systems, belongs to hard infrastructure. Soft infrastructure includes services which are required to maintain economic, health, cultural and social standards of animal husbandry. Therefore, the proper management of infrastructure in animal husbandry is necessary for animal welfare and its economy. Among various technologies to improve the quality of infrastructure, non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology is an effectively applicable technology in different stages of animal husbandry. NTP is mainly helpful in maintaining better health conditions of animals in several ways via decontamination from microorganisms present in air, water, food, instruments and surfaces of animal farming systems. Furthermore, NTP is used in the treatment of waste water, vaccine production, wound healing in animals, odor-free ventilation, and packaging of animal food or animal products. This review summarizes the recent studies of NTP which can be related to the infrastructure in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center,Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bin Yoon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Rang Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jin Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yong Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Jin Park
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ki Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Sun HN, Liu Y, Wang JN, Wang C, Liu R, Kong LZ, Zhen X, Chandimali N, Cui YD, Kim SU, Lee DS, Yu DY, Kim JS, Jeong DK, Kwon T, Han YH. Protective Role of Peroxiredoxin I in Heat-Killed Staphylococcus Aureus-infected Mice. In Vivo 2019; 33:749-755. [PMID: 31028193 PMCID: PMC6559896 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major gram-positive pathogen, which can cause toxic and immunogenic injuries both in nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Peroxiredoxin (Prx) I plays crucial roles in cellular apoptosis, proliferation, and signal transduction as well as in immunoregulation. The present study aimed to investigate whether Prx I protects mice from death caused by the heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we challenged the wild-type and Prx I-deficient mice with heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA). The effects of Prx I were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments including western blot, Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, splenocyte analysis and cytokines analysis. RESULTS Intra-peritoneal (ip) inoculation of HKSA resulted in increased mortality of Prx I-knockout (KO) mice with severe liver damage and highly populated spleens with lymphocytes. Furthermore, HKSA infections also bursted the production of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines in Prx I KO compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Enhanced mortality of S. aureus-infected mice with Prx I deficiency suggested that Prx I may protect against the infection-associated lethality of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Nan Wang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling-Zu Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Zhen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Dong Cui
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
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Liu S, Mahairaki V, Bai H, Ding Z, Li J, Witwer KW, Cheng L. Highly Purified Human Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Stem Cells Alleviate Aging Cellular Phenotypes of Senescent Human Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:779-790. [PMID: 30811771 PMCID: PMC6767364 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, mediate intercellular communications and exert various biological activities via delivering unique cargos of functional molecules such as RNAs and proteins to recipient cells. Previous studies showed that EVs produced and secreted by human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can substitute intact MSCs for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we examined properties and functions of EVs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be cultured infinitely under a chemically defined medium free of any exogenous EVs. We collected and purified EVs secreted by human iPSCs and MSCs. Purified EVs produced by both stem cell types have similar sizes (∼150 nm in diameter), but human iPSCs produced 16‐fold more EVs than MSCs. When highly purified iPSC‐EVs were applied in culture to senescent MSCs that have elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), human iPSC‐EVs reduced cellular ROS levels and alleviated aging phenotypes of senescent MSCs. Our discovery reveals that EVs from human stem cells can alleviate cellular aging in culture, at least in part by delivering intracellular peroxiredoxin antioxidant enzymes. stem cells2019;37:779–790
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Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Zheng Ding
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Targeting peroxiredoxin 1 impairs growth of breast cancer cells and potently sensitises these cells to prooxidant agents. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:873-884. [PMID: 30287919 PMCID: PMC6189216 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous work has shown peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of major antioxidant enzymes, to be a biomarker in human breast cancer. Hereby, we further investigate the role of PRDX1, compared to its close homolog PRDX2, in mammary malignant cells. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9- or RNAi-based methods were used for genetic targeting PRDX1/2. Cell growth was assessed by crystal violet, EdU incorporation or colony formation assays. In vivo growth was assessed by a xenotransplantation model. Adenanthin was used to inhibit the thioredoxin-dependent antioxidant defense system. The prooxidant agents used were hydrogen peroxide, glucose oxidase and sodium L-ascorbate. A PY1 probe or HyPer-3 biosensor were used to detect hydrogen peroxide content in samples. RESULTS PRDX1 downregulation significantly impaired the growth rate of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. Likewise, xenotransplanted PRDX1-deficient MCF-7 cells presented a retarded tumour growth. Furthermore, genetic targeting of PRDX1 or adenanthin, but not PRDX2, potently sensitised all six cancer cell lines studied, but not the non-cancerous cells, to glucose oxidase and ascorbate. CONCLUSIONS Our study pinpoints the dominant role for PRDX1 in management of exogeneous oxidative stress by breast cancer cells and substantiates further exploration of PRDX1 as a target in this disease, especially when combined with prooxidant agents.
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15
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Detienne G, De Haes W, Mergan L, Edwards SL, Temmerman L, Van Bael S. Beyond ROS clearance: Peroxiredoxins in stress signaling and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 44:33-48. [PMID: 29580920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants were long predicted to have lifespan-promoting effects, but in general this prediction has not been well supported. While some antioxidants do seem to have a clear effect on longevity, this may not be primarily as a result of their role in the removal of reactive oxygen species, but rather mediated by other mechanisms such as the modulation of intracellular signaling. In this review we discuss peroxiredoxins, a class of proteinaceous antioxidants with redox signaling and chaperone functions, and their involvement in regulating longevity and stress resistance. Peroxiredoxins have a clear role in the regulation of lifespan and survival of many model organisms, including the mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Recent research on peroxiredoxins - in these models and beyond - has revealed surprising new insights regarding the interplay between peroxiredoxins and longevity signaling, which will be discussed here in detail. As redox signaling is emerging as a potentially important player in the regulation of longevity and aging, increased knowledge of these fascinating antioxidants and their mode(s) of action is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Detienne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lucas Mergan
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samantha L Edwards
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sven Van Bael
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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