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Zhang B, Deng L, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang W, Li M, Xu T, Pang L, Lv M. Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with swimming exercise improves the learning and memory abilities of vascular dementia rats by regulating microglia through miR-223-3p/PRMT8. Neurol Res 2024; 46:525-537. [PMID: 38563325 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2337517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VD) is the second most common type of dementia worldwide. Previous studies have proven that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has potential applications in relieving cognitive impairment in VD animal models. The purpose of this study was to probe the mechanism by which tDCS combined with swimming exercise improves the learning and memory abilities of VD model rats. METHOD The VD rat model was induced using the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO) method; tDCS was applied to the rats and then they took part in swimming exercises. Rat memory, platform crossing time, and platform crossing frequency were analyzed via a water maze experiment. Nerve damage in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 area of the rats was observed using Nissl staining. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT - qPCR) were used to determine the expression of related proteins and genes. The levels of oxidative stress were detected by kits. RESULTS We demonstrated that VD model rats treated with tDCS combined with swimming exercise exhibited significant improvement in memory, and VD model rats exhibited significantly reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus, and reduced microglial activation and M1 polarization. tDCS combined with swimming exercise protects VD model rats from oxidative stress through the miR-223-3p/protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8) axis and inhibits the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that tDCS combined with swimming exercise improved the learning and memory ability of VD model rats by regulating the expression of PRMT8 through miR-223-3p to affect microglial activation and M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Luoping County People's Hospital, Luoping, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Pang
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Meifen Lv
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Qujing No.1 Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
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2
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Dong R, Li X, Lai KO. Activity and Function of the PRMT8 Protein Arginine Methyltransferase in Neurons. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111132. [PMID: 34833008 PMCID: PMC8621972 DOI: 10.3390/life11111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the nine mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), PRMT8 is unusual because it has restricted expression in the nervous system and is the only membrane-bound PRMT. Emerging studies have demonstrated that this enzyme plays multifaceted roles in diverse processes in neurons. Here we will summarize the unique structural features of PRMT8 and describe how it participates in various neuronal functions such as dendritic growth, synapse maturation, and synaptic plasticity. Recent evidence suggesting the potential role of PRMT8 function in neurological diseases will also be discussed.
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Doron‐Mandel E, Koppel I, Abraham O, Rishal I, Smith TP, Buchanan CN, Sahoo PK, Kadlec J, Oses‐Prieto JA, Kawaguchi R, Alber S, Zahavi EE, Di Matteo P, Di Pizio A, Song D, Okladnikov N, Gordon D, Ben‐Dor S, Haffner‐Krausz R, Coppola G, Burlingame AL, Jungwirth P, Twiss JL, Fainzilber M. The glycine arginine-rich domain of the RNA-binding protein nucleolin regulates its subcellular localization. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107158. [PMID: 34515347 PMCID: PMC8521312 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin is a multifunctional RNA Binding Protein (RBP) with diverse subcellular localizations, including the nucleolus in all eukaryotic cells, the plasma membrane in tumor cells, and the axon in neurons. Here we show that the glycine arginine rich (GAR) domain of nucleolin drives subcellular localization via protein-protein interactions with a kinesin light chain. In addition, GAR sequences mediate plasma membrane interactions of nucleolin. Both these modalities are in addition to the already reported involvement of the GAR domain in liquid-liquid phase separation in the nucleolus. Nucleolin transport to axons requires the GAR domain, and heterozygous GAR deletion mice reveal reduced axonal localization of nucleolin cargo mRNAs and enhanced sensory neuron growth. Thus, the GAR domain governs axonal transport of a growth controlling RNA-RBP complex in neurons, and is a versatile localization determinant for different subcellular compartments. Localization determination by GAR domains may explain why GAR mutants in diverse RBPs are associated with neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Doron‐Mandel
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Indrek Koppel
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Present address:
Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia
| | - Ofri Abraham
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ida Rishal
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Terika P Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | | | - Pabitra K Sahoo
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Jan Kadlec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Juan A Oses‐Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Psychiatry and NeurologySemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Stefanie Alber
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Eitan Erez Zahavi
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Pierluigi Di Matteo
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Agostina Di Pizio
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Didi‐Andreas Song
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Nataliya Okladnikov
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Dalia Gordon
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Shifra Ben‐Dor
- Bioinformatics UnitLife Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and NeurologySemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jeffery L Twiss
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular NeuroscienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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Kwak JH, Lee K. Forebrain glutamatergic neuron-specific Ctcf deletion induces reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis with neuronal loss in adult mouse hippocampus. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33612151 PMCID: PMC8249879 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.6.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), a zinc finger protein, is a transcription factor and regulator of chromatin structure. Forebrain excitatory neuron-specific CTCF deficiency contributes to inflammation via enhanced transcription of inflammation-related genes in the cortex and hippocampus. However, little is known about the long-term effect of CTCF deficiency on postnatal neurons, astrocytes, or microglia in the hippocampus of adult mice. To address this, we knocked out the Ctcf gene in forebrain glutamatergic neurons (Ctcf cKO) by crossing Ctcf-floxed mice with Camk2a-Cre mice and examined the hippocampi of 7.5-10-month-old male mice using immunofluorescence microscopy. We found obvious neuronal cell death and reactive gliosis in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA)1 in 7.5-10-month-old cKO mice. Prominent rod-shaped microglia that participate in immune surveillance were observed in the stratum pyramidale and radiatum layer, indicating a potential increase in inflammatory mediators released by hippocampal neurons. Although neuronal loss was not observed in CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) CTCF depletion induced a significant increase in the number of microglia in the stratum oriens of CA3 and reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis in the molecular layer and hilus of the DG in 7.5-10-month-old cKO mice. These results suggest that long-term Ctcf deletion from forebrain excitatory neurons may contribute to reactive gliosis induced by neuronal damage and consequent neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1, DG, and CA3 in sequence over 7 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kwak
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Lo LHY, Dong R, Lyu Q, Lai KO. The Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT8 and Substrate G3BP1 Control Rac1-PAK1 Signaling and Actin Cytoskeleton for Dendritic Spine Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107744. [PMID: 32521269 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses of neurons are located on dendritic spines. Spine maturation is essential for the stability of synapses and memory consolidation, and overproduction of the immature filopodia is associated with brain disorders. The structure and function of synapses can be modulated by protein post-translational modification (PTM). Arginine methylation is a major PTM that regulates chromatin structure, transcription, and splicing within the nucleus. Here we find that the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 is present at neuronal synapses and its expression is upregulated in the hippocampus when dendritic spine maturation occurs. Depletion of PRMT8 leads to overabundance of filopodia and mis-localization of excitatory synapses. Mechanistically, PRMT8 promotes dendritic spine morphology through methylation of the dendritic RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and suppression of the Rac1-PAK1 signaling pathway to control synaptic actin dynamics. Our findings unravel arginine methylation as a crucial regulatory mechanism for actin cytoskeleton during synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Hoi-Ying Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quanwei Lyu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Samuel SF, Barry A, Greenman J, Beltran-Alvarez P. Arginine methylation: the promise of a 'silver bullet' for brain tumours? Amino Acids 2021; 53:489-506. [PMID: 33404912 PMCID: PMC8107164 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research efforts, our pharmaceutical repertoire against high-grade brain tumours has not been able to increase patient survival for a decade and life expectancy remains at less than 16 months after diagnosis, on average. Inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been developed and investigated over the past 15 years and have now entered oncology clinical trials, including for brain tumours. This review collates recent advances in the understanding of the role of PRMTs and arginine methylation in brain tumours. We provide an up-to-date literature review on the mechanisms for PRMT regulation. These include endogenous modulators such as alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications and PRMT-protein interactions, and synthetic inhibitors. We discuss the relevance of PRMTs in brain tumours with a particular focus on PRMT1, -2, -5 and -8. Finally, we include a future perspective where we discuss possible routes for further research on arginine methylation and on the use of PRMT inhibitors in the context of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Barry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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7
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Bryant JP, Heiss J, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK. Arginine Methylation in Brain Tumors: Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010124. [PMID: 33440687 PMCID: PMC7827394 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the modification of target proteins by adding methyl groups to the guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues. Protein arginine methylation takes part in epigenetic and cellular regulation and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumor progression. Aberrant expression of PRMTs is associated with the development of brain tumors such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Identifying PRMTs as plausible contributors to tumorigenesis has led to preclinical and clinical investigations of PRMT inhibitors for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of arginine methylation in cancer biology and provide an update on the use of small molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to treat glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and other cancers.
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8
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Wang YC, Chang CP, Tsai YJ, Lee YJ, Li C. Alternative 3' splice site selection of intron 5 within the prmt8 gene results in a novel variant widely distributed in vertebrates and specifically abundant in Aves. Gene 2020; 747:144684. [PMID: 32311412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PRMT8 is a neuron-specific protein arginine methyltransferase in vertebrates. From data mining, we found a novel prmt8e6+43 splicing variant with a 43-nucleotide (nt) extension at the 5' of exon 6 in chicken. RT-PCR analyses confirmed the existence of two splicing variants but also detected a third upper signal. The triplet pattern detected in chicken suggests that one strand from the prmt8e6+43 transcript and one strand from the regular splicing products form a heteroduplex with a bulb conformation and the two transcripts are of similar abundance. One short plus one faint upper heteroduplex signal detected in mouse and human indicate that the level of the variant is much less than the normal one in mammals. The relative expression of the normal and prmt8e6+43 variants in different species can be inferred from the reads of intron 5 that contains the 43-nt extension or not in the RNA-seq data of NCBI Gene database. The results of the analyses showed that the prmt8e6+43 variant is relatively abundant in birds but much less or even not detected in mammalian species. As conserved intron 5 sequences and evidences of alternative splicing (AS) are detected in elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish with the slowest-evolving genome, we propose that the prmt8e6+43 variant is present in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates. The prmt8e6+43 variant includes a premature termination codon and thus should encode a truncated PRMT8 with deletion from the dimerization arm. Western blot analyses showed very weak low-molecular-weight signals in chicken, which might be the C-terminal truncated PRMT8. Why avian species maintain high RNA but not protein levels of the prmt8e6+43 variant and whether the evolutionary conserved sequence and AS might regulate PRMT8 expression require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jung Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Park SW, Jun YW, Jeon P, Lee YK, Park JH, Lee SH, Lee JA, Jang DJ. LIR motifs and the membrane-targeting domain are complementary in the function of RavZ. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31722778 PMCID: PMC6941762 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial effector protein RavZ is secreted by the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila and inhibits host autophagy through an irreversible deconjugation of mammalian ATG8 (mATG8) proteins from autophagosome membranes. However, the roles of the LC3 interacting region (LIR) motifs in RavZ function remain unclear. In this study, we show that a membrane-targeting (MT) domain or the LIR motifs of RavZ play major or minor roles in RavZ function. A RavZ mutant that does not bind to mATG8 delipidated all forms of mATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as efficiently as did wild-type RavZ. However, a RavZ mutant with a deletion of the MT domain selectively delipidated mATG8-PE less efficiently than did wild-type RavZ. Taken together, our results suggest that the effects of LIR motifs and the MT domain on RavZ activity are complementary and work through independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Park
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Jun
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Pureum Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Ju-Hui Park
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jang
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
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