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Li Y, Zheng W, Li X, Lue Z, Liu Y, Wu J, Zhang X. The autophagic regulation of rosiglitazone-promoted adipocyte browning. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412520. [PMID: 38895627 PMCID: PMC11184087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Browning of white adipocytes is considered an efficient approach to combat obesity. Rosiglitazone induces the thermogenetic program of white adipocytes, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Methods: Expression levels of browning and autophagy flux markers were detected by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. H&E and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate the lipid droplets area. Nuclear protein extraction and immunoprecipitation were used to detect the proteins interaction. Results: In this study, we reported that rosiglitazone promoted adipocyte browning and inhibited autophagy. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, reversed adipocyte browning induced by rosiglitazone. Autophagy inhibition by rosiglitazone does not prevent mitochondrial clearance, which was considered to promote adipose whitening. Instead, autophagy inhibition increased p62 nuclear translocation and stabilized the PPARγ-RXRα heterodimer, which is an essential transcription factor for adipocyte browning. We found that rosiglitazone activated NRF2 in mature adipocytes. Inhibition of NRF2 by ML385 reversed autophagy inhibition and the pro-browning effect of rosiglitazone. Conclusion: Our study linked autophagy inhibition with rosiglitazone-promoted browning of adipocytes and provided a mechanistic insight into the pharmacological effects of rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Lue
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
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2
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Kim DY, Oh S, Ko HS, Park S, Jeon YJ, Kim J, Yang DK, Park KW. Sesamolin suppresses adipocyte differentiation through Keap1-dependent Nrf2 activation in adipocytes. Nutr Res 2024; 128:14-23. [PMID: 39002358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Sesamolin, a lignan isolated from sesame oils, has been found to possess neuroprotective, anticancer, and free radical scavenging properties. We hypothesized that sesamolin could stimulate the activity of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and inhibit adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of sesamolin on adipocyte differentiation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we determined the effects of treatment with 25 to 100 µM sesamolin on adipogenesis in cell culture systems. Sesamolin inhibited lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of adipocyte markers during adipocyte differentiation of C3H10T1/2, 3T3-L1, and primary preadipocytes. Mechanism studies revealed that sesamolin increased Nrf2 protein expression without inducing its mRNA, leading to an increase in the expression of Nrf2 target genes such as heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These effects were significantly attenuated in Nrf2 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, indicating that effects of sesamolin were dependent on Nrf2. In H1299 human lung cancer cells with KO of Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a negative regulator of Nrf2, sesamolin failed to further increase Nrf2 protein expression. However, upon reexpressing Keap1 in Keap1 KO cells, the ability of sesamolin to elevate Nrf2 protein expression was restored, highlighting the crucial role of Keap1 in sesamolin-induced Nrf2 activation. Taken together, these findings show that sesamolin can inhibit adipocyte differentiation through Keap1-mediated Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seungjun Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sun Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
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3
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Liang G, Fang J, Zhang P, Ding S, Zhao Y, Feng Y. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240900. [PMID: 38463531 PMCID: PMC10921440 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how Metformin (Met) combined with L-carnitine (L-car) modulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) to affect obesity. High-fat-induced obese rats received daily oral gavage with Met and/or L-car, followed by serum biochemical analysis, histopathological observation on adipose tissues, and immunochemistry test for the abdominal expression of BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Mouse-embryonic-fibroblast cells were induced into adipocytes, during which Met plus L-car was added with/without saturated fatty acid (SFA). The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in adipocyte browning was investigated by gene silencing. Mitochondria biogenesis in adipocytes was inspected by Mitotracker staining. Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/BAT-related genes/proinflammatory marker expressions in adipose tissues and/or adipocytes were analyzed by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and/or immunofluorescence test. Met or L-car improved metabolic disorders, reduced adipocyte vacuolization and swelling, upregulated levels of BAT-related genes including UCP1 and downregulated proinflammatory marker expressions, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in adipose tissues of obese rats. Met and L-car functioned more strongly than alone. In adipocytes, Met plus L-car upregulated BAT-related gene levels and protected against SFA-caused inflammation promotion and mitochondria degeneration, which yet was attenuated by Nrf2 silencing. Met plus L-car enhances BAT activity and white adipose tissue browning via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Liang
- Anesthesiology Department, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Shuxia Ding
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yudan Zhao
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yueying Feng
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, No. 339 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
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4
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Gao L, Peng L, Wang J, Zhang JH, Xia Y. Mitochondrial stress: a key role of neuroinflammation in stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:44. [PMID: 38321473 PMCID: PMC10845693 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized by an acute, focal neurological deficit, primarily caused by the occlusion or rupture of cerebral blood vessels. In stroke, neuroinflammation emerges as a pivotal event contributing to neuronal cell death. The occurrence and progression of neuroinflammation entail intricate processes, prominently featuring mitochondrial dysfunction and adaptive responses. Mitochondria, a double membrane-bound organelle are recognized as the "energy workshop" of the body. Brain is particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial disturbances due to its high energy demands from mitochondria-related energy production. The interplay between mitochondria and neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of stroke. The biological and pathological consequences resulting from mitochondrial stress have substantial implications for cerebral function. Mitochondrial stress serves as an adaptive mechanism aimed at mitigating the stress induced by the import of misfolded proteins, which occurs in response to stroke. This adaptive response involves a reduction in misfolded protein accumulation and overall protein synthesis. The influence of mitochondrial stress on the pathological state of stroke is underscored by its capacity to interact with neuroinflammation. The impact of mitochondrial stress on neuroinflammation varies according to its severity. Moderate mitochondrial stress can bolster cellular adaptive defenses, enabling cells to better withstand detrimental stressors. In contrast, sustained and excessive mitochondrial stress detrimentally affects cellular and tissue integrity. The relationship between neuroinflammation and mitochondrial stress depends on the degree of mitochondrial stress present. Understanding its role in stroke pathogenesis is instrumental in excavating the novel treatment of stroke. This review aims to provide the evaluation of the cross-talk between mitochondrial stress and neuroinflammation within the context of stroke. We aim to reveal how mitochondrial stress affects neuroinflammation environment in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya School of Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China.
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5
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Tungalag T, Park JY, Park KW, Yang DK. Sesame cake extract attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through inhibition of oxidative stress in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:699-709. [PMID: 38274181 PMCID: PMC10806049 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the gut causing chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain with severe complications. Sesame cake is a by-product of sesame oil production, possessing various beneficial properties; however, little is known about the effect of sesame cake extract (SCE) against IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of SCE against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Administration of SCE was first performed at 7 days before treating mice with 2.5% DSS to induce colitis for 7 days. SCE pretreatment improved symptoms of DSS-induced colitis. In addition, SCE ameliorated histopathological damages of the mucus layer in colon tissues and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in colitis-induced mice. SCE also suppressed apoptosis and oxidative stress in colitis-induced colon tissues. Together, these findings suggest that SCE could be potential nutraceuticals for treating colitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01367-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsendsuren Tungalag
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yong Park
- Queensbucket, Daegudae-ro, Jillyang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596 Republic of Korea
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6
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Peris E, Zamani S, Micallef P, Paul A, Bartesaghi S, Benrick A, Wernstedt Asterholm I. NRF2 is essential for adaptative browning of white adipocytes. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102951. [PMID: 37931470 PMCID: PMC10652207 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue browning, defined by accelerated mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, is considered a promising mean to treat or prevent obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. We hypothesize that redox stress acutely leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate electrophile sensor nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) that over time results in an adaptive adipose tissue browning process. To test this, we have exploited adipocyte-specific NRF2 knockout mice and cultured adipocytes and analyzed time- and dose-dependent effect of NAC and lactate treatment on antioxidant expression and browning-like processes. We found that short-term antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) induced reductive stress as evident from increased intracellular NADH levels, increased ROS-production, reduced oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and increased NRF2 levels in white adipocytes. In contrast, and in line with our hypothesis, longer-term NAC treatment led to a NRF2-dependent browning response. Lactate treatment elicited similar effects as NAC, and mechanistically, these NRF2-dependent adipocyte browning responses in vitro were mediated by increased heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) activity. Moreover, this NRF2-HMOX1 axis was also important for β3-adrenergic receptor activation-induced adipose tissue browning in vivo. In conclusion, our findings show that administration of exogenous antioxidants can affect biological function not solely through ROS neutralization, but also through reductive stress. We also demonstrate that NRF2 is essential for white adipose tissue browning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shabnam Zamani
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemical Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Chang SH, Giong HK, Kim DY, Kim S, Oh S, Yun UJ, Lee JS, Park KW. Activation of Nrf2 by sulfuretin stimulates chondrocyte differentiation and increases bone lengths in zebrafish. BMB Rep 2023; 56:496-501. [PMID: 37748761 PMCID: PMC10547967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elongation of most bones occur at the growth plate through endochondral ossification in postnatal mammals. The maturation of chondrocyte is a crucial factor in longitudinal bone growth, which is regulated by a complex network of paracrine and endocrine signaling pathways. Here, we show that a phytochemical sulfuretin can stimulate hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo. We found that sulfuretin stabilized nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), stimulated its transcriptional activity, and induced expression of its target genes. Sulfuretin treatment resulted in an increase in body length of zebrafish larvae and induced the expression of chondrocyte markers. Consistently, a clinically available Nrf2 activator, dimethyl fumarate (DMF), induced the expression of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers and increased the body length of zebrafish. Importantly, we found that chondrocyte gene expression in cell culture and skeletal growth in zebrafish stimulated by sulfuretin were significantly abrogated by Nrf2 depletion, suggesting that such stimulatory effects of sulfuretin were dependent on Nrf2, at least in part. Taken together, these data show that sulfuretin has a potential use as supporting ingredients for enhancing bone growth. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(9): 496-501].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hoi-Khoanh Giong
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Da-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seungjun Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Living and Environmental Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, Seoul 08221, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Kaur J, Singh DP, Kumar V, Kaur S, Bhunia RK, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A, Bishnoi M. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) based polypharmacological combination stimulates energy expending phenotype to reverse HFD-induced obesity in mice. Life Sci 2023; 324:121704. [PMID: 37075945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Obesity is a worldwide epidemic leading to decreased quality of life, higher medical expenses and significant morbidity. Enhancing energy expenditure and substrate utilization in adipose tissues through dietary constituents and polypharmacological approaches is gaining importance for the prevention and therapeutics of obesity. An important factor in this regard is Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel modulation and resultant activation of "brite" phenotype. Various dietary TRP channel agonists like capsaicin (TRPV1), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1), and menthol (TRPM8) have shown anti-obesity effects, individually and in combination. We aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of such combination of sub-effective doses of these agents against diet-induced obesity, and explore the involved cellular processes. KEY FINDINGS The combination of sub-effective doses of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and menthol induced "brite" phenotype in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese mice. The intervention prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and weight gain, enhanced the thermogenic potential, mitochondrial biogenesis and overall activation of brown adipose tissue. These changes observed in vitro as well as in vivo, were linked to increased phosphorylation of kinases, AMPK and ERK. In the liver, the combination treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved gluconeogenic potential and lipolysis, prevented fatty acid accumulation and enhanced glucose utilization. SIGNIFICANCE We report on the discovery of therapeutic potential of TRP-based dietary triagonist combination against HFD-induced abnormalities in metabolic tissues. Our findings indicate that a common central mechanism may affect multiple peripheral tissues. This study opens up avenues of development of therapeutic functional foods for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Neurotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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9
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Anmyungambi Decoction Ameliorates Obesity through Activation of Non-Shivering Thermogenesis in Brown and White Adipose Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010049. [PMID: 36670911 PMCID: PMC9854861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a burden to global health. Non-shivering thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) is a novel strategy for obesity treatment. Anmyungambi (AMGB) decoction is a multi-herb decoction with clinical anti-obesity effects. Here, we show the effects of AMGB decoction using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL6/J mice. All four versions of AMGB decoction (100 mg/kg/day, oral gavage for 28 days) suppressed body weight gain and obesity-related blood parameters in the HFD-fed obese mice. They also inhibited adipogenesis and induced lipolysis in inguinal WAT (iWAT). Especially, the AMGB-4 with 2:1:3:3 composition was the most effective; thus, further studies were performed with the AMGB-4 decoction. The AMGB-4 decoction displayed a dose-dependent body weight gain suppression. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glucose decreased as well. In epididymal WAT, iWAT, and BAT, the AMGB-4 decoction increased lipolysis markers. Additionally, the AMGB-4 decoction-fed mice showed an increased non-shivering thermogenic program in BAT and iWAT. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed antioxidative factors induced by the HFD feeding were also altered to normal levels by the AMGB-4 decoction treatment. Overall, our study supports the clinical use of AMGB decoction for obesity treatment by studying its mechanisms. AMGB decoction alleviates obesity through the activation of the lipolysis-thermogenesis program and the elimination of pathological ROS in thermogenic adipose tissues.
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Lee B, An HJ, Kim DH, Lee MK, Jeong HH, Chung KW, Go Y, Seo AY, Kim IY, Seong JK, Yu BP, Lee J, Im E, Lee IK, Lee MS, Yamada KI, Chung HY. SMP30-mediated synthesis of vitamin C activates the liver PPARα/FGF21 axis to regulate thermogenesis in mice. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:2036-2046. [PMID: 36434042 PMCID: PMC9723126 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin-C-synthesizing enzyme senescent marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a cold resistance gene in Drosophila, and vitamin C concentration increases in brown adipose tissue post-cold exposure. However, the roles of SMP30 in thermogenesis are unknown. Here, we tested the molecular mechanism of thermogenesis using wild-type (WT) and vitamin C-deficient SMP30-knockout (KO) mice. SMP30-KO mice gained more weight than WT mice without a change in food intake in response to short-term high-fat diet feeding. Indirect calorimetry and cold-challenge experiments indicated that energy expenditure is lower in SMP30-KO mice, which is associated with decreased thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Therefore, SMP30-KO mice do not lose weight during cold exposure, whereas WT mice lose weight markedly. Mechanistically, the levels of serum FGF21 were notably lower in SMP30-KO mice, and vitamin C supplementation in SMP30-KO mice recovered FGF21 expression and thermogenesis, with a marked reduction in body weight during cold exposure. Further experiments revealed that vitamin C activates PPARα to upregulate FGF21. Our findings demonstrate that SMP30-mediated synthesis of vitamin C activates the PPARα/FGF21 axis, contributing to the maintenance of thermogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonggi Lee
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin An
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Hak Jeong
- grid.412576.30000 0001 0719 8994Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513 South Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- grid.418980.c0000 0000 8749 5149Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Arnold Y. Seo
- grid.443970.dJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA USA
| | - Il Yong Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Plus Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Jaewon Lee
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bio-functional Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hae Young Chung
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 South Korea
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11
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Kim DH, Kim HJ, Seong JK. UCP2 KO mice exhibit ameliorated obesity and inflammation induced by high-fat diet feeding. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35725013 PMCID: PMC9623237 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) was first introduced as a member of Uncoupling protein family and a regulator of ROS formation; however, its role in adipose tissue is not fully understood. In the present study, we have investigated the role of Ucp2 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Diet-induced obesity is closely related to macrophage infiltration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages surround adipocytes and form a crown-like-structure (CLS). Some reports have suggested that CLS formation requires adipocyte apoptosis. After 12 weeks of HFD challenge, Ucp2 knockout (KO) mice maintained relatively lean phenotypes compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In eWAT, macrophage infiltration, CLS formation, and inflammatory cytokines were reduced in HFD KO mice compared to HFD WT mice. Surprisingly, we found that apoptotic signals were also reduced in the Ucp2 KO mice. Our study suggests that Ucp2 deficiency may prevent diet-induced obesity by regulating adipocyte apoptosis. However, Ucp2 deficiency did not affect the browning capacity of iWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-885-8395; Fax: +82-2-885-8397; E-mail:
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12
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Kim MJ, Jeon JH. Recent Advances in Understanding Nrf2 Agonism and Its Potential Clinical Application to Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052846. [PMID: 35269986 PMCID: PMC8910922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major component of cell damage and cell fat, and as such, it occupies a central position in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Nuclear factor-erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key transcription factor that coordinates expression of genes encoding antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, is regulated primarily by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). However, involvement of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in tissue and organism homeostasis goes far beyond protection from cellular stress. In this review, we focus on evidence for Nrf2 pathway dysfunction during development of several metabolic/inflammatory disorders, including diabetes and diabetic complications, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diseases. We also review the beneficial role of current molecular Nrf2 agonists and summarize their use in ongoing clinical trials. We conclude that Nrf2 is a promising target for regulation of numerous diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, more studies are needed to explore the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of metabolic/inflammatory diseases and to review safety implications before therapeutic use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Endocrinology in Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(53)-200-3182; Fax: +82-(53)-200-3155
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13
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Çakır I, Lining Pan P, Hadley CK, El-Gamal A, Fadel A, Elsayegh D, Mohamed O, Rizk NM, Ghamari-Langroudi M. Sulforaphane reduces obesity by reversing leptin resistance. eLife 2022; 11:67368. [PMID: 35323110 PMCID: PMC8947770 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascending prevalence of obesity in recent decades is commonly associated with soaring morbidity and mortality rates, resulting in increased health-care costs and decreased quality of life. A systemic state of stress characterized by low-grade inflammation and pathological formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) usually manifests in obesity. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) is the master regulator of the redox homeostasis and plays a critical role in the resolution of inflammation. Here, we show that the natural isothiocyanate and potent NRF2 activator sulforaphane reverses diet-induced obesity through a predominantly, but not exclusively, NRF2-dependent mechanism that requires a functional leptin receptor signaling and hyperleptinemia. Sulforaphane does not reduce the body weight or food intake of lean mice but induces an anorectic response when coadministered with exogenous leptin. Leptin-deficient Lepob/ob mice and leptin receptor mutant Leprdb/db mice display resistance to the weight-reducing effect of sulforaphane, supporting the conclusion that the antiobesity effect of sulforaphane requires functional leptin receptor signaling. Furthermore, our results suggest the skeletal muscle as the most notable site of action of sulforaphane whose peripheral NRF2 action signals to alleviate leptin resistance. Transcriptional profiling of six major metabolically relevant tissues highlights that sulforaphane suppresses fatty acid synthesis while promoting ribosome biogenesis, reducing ROS accumulation, and resolving inflammation, therefore representing a unique transcriptional program that leads to protection from obesity. Our findings argue for clinical evaluation of sulforaphane for weight loss and obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işın Çakır
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Colleen K Hadley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan
| | - Abdulrahman El-Gamal
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu- Health, Qatar University
| | - Amina Fadel
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University
| | | | | | - Nasser M Rizk
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu- Health, Qatar University
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University
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14
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A Role of Stress Sensor Nrf2 in Stimulating Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091196. [PMID: 34572382 PMCID: PMC8472024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic cold stress, thermogenic adipocytes generate heat through uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis. Recent discovery of various dietary phytochemicals, endogenous metabolites, synthetic compounds, and their molecular targets for stimulating thermogenesis has provided promising strategies to treat or prevent obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a stress response protein that plays an important role in obesity and metabolisms. However, both Nrf2 activation and Nrf2 inhibition can suppress obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we summarized and discussed conflicting findings of Nrf2 activities accounting for part of the variance in thermogenesis and energy metabolism. We also discussed the utility of Nrf2-activating mechanisms for their potential applications in stimulating energy expenditure to prevent obesity and improve metabolic deficits.
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