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Visani G, Manti A, Valentini L, Canonico B, Loscocco F, Isidori A, Gabucci E, Gobbi P, Montanari S, Rocchi M, Papa S, Gatti AM. Environmental nanoparticles are significantly over-expressed in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2016; 50:50-56. [PMID: 27669365 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may suggest a possible environmental etiology. PM2.5 was declared by IARC a Class I carcinogen. No report has focused on particulate environmental pollution together with AML. The study investigated the presence and composition of particulate matter in blood with a Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with an Energy Dispersive Spectroscope, a sensor capable of identifying the composition of foreign bodies. 38 peripheral blood samples, 19 AML cases and 19 healthy controls, were analyzed. A significant overload of particulate matter-derived nanoparticles linked or aggregated to blood components was found in AML patients, while almost absent in matched healthy controls. Two-tailed Student's t-test, MANOVA and Principal Component Analysis indicated that the total numbers of aggregates and particles were statistically different between cases and controls (MANOVA, P<0.001 and P=0.009 respectively). The particles detected showed to contain highly-reactive, non-biocompatible and non-biodegradable metals; in particular, micro- and nano-sized particles grouped in organic/inorganic clusters, with statistically higher frequency of a subgroup of elements in AML samples. The demonstration, for the first time, of an overload of nanoparticles linked to blood components in AML patients could be the basis for a possible, novel pathogenetic mechanism for AML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Visani
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN, Pesaro, Italy.
| | - A Manti
- Dept. of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - L Valentini
- Dept. of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - B Canonico
- Dept. of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - F Loscocco
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN, Pesaro, Italy
| | - A Isidori
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN, Pesaro, Italy
| | - E Gabucci
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN, Pesaro, Italy
| | - P Gobbi
- Dept. of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - S Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - M Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - S Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - A M Gatti
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for the Science and Technology of Ceramic Materials, Faenza, Italy
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