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Pugliese N, Tinelli A, Crescenzo G, Nieddu M, Baralla E, Schiavone A, Zizzo N, Samarelli R, Dessì F, Circella E, Zizzadoro C, Saleh MS, Camarda A. Poisoning by Nerium oleander L. in Franconia Geese. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:612. [PMID: 38396580 PMCID: PMC10885877 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study describes the acute poisoning of four 3-month-old Franconia geese (Anser anser) by oleander plants (Nerium oleander). After the accidental ingestion of oleander clippings, the geese exhibited a rapid onset of severe symptoms, leading to mortality within 15-90 min. Necropsy revealed cardiac and renal lesions. Specifically, interstitial edema, red blood cell infiltration, and myofibril loss were observed in the cardiac muscle, and tubular epithelial degeneration, interstitial edema, and hemorrhages were evident in the kidneys. Oleandrin, a glycoside with cardiac effects, was detected in the liver, kidneys, heart, brain, and muscles. The clinical implications underscore the urgency of veterinary intervention upon oleander ingestion, and the specific findings contribute valuable insights into the pathological effects of acute oleander poisoning in geese, aiding veterinarians in prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Crescenzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Nieddu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Elena Baralla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Antonella Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Rossella Samarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Filomena Dessì
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Elena Circella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Claudia Zizzadoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Medhat S. Saleh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (N.P.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (N.Z.); (R.S.); (E.C.); (C.Z.); (M.S.S.); (A.C.)
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Rasool F, Nizamani ZA, Ahmad KS, Parveen F, Khan SA, Sabir N. An appraisal of traditional knowledge of plant poisoning of livestock and its validation through acute toxicity assay in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328133. [PMID: 38420196 PMCID: PMC10900104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Kashmir Himalaya hosts the most diverse and rich flora in the world, which serves as grazing land for millions of small ruminants in the area. While most plant species are beneficial, some can be poisonous, causing economic losses and animal health issues for livestock. Consequently, this study is the first comprehensive report on the traditional phyto-toxicological knowledge in District Muzaffarabad and the assessment of its authenticity through experimental studies in rats. Methods: The data regarding traditional knowledge was gathered from 70 key respondents through semi-structured interviews, which was quantitatively analyzed and authenticated through plant extract testing on Wistar female rats and comparison with published resources. Results: A total of 46 poisonous plant species belonging to 23 families and 38 genera were reported to be poisonous in the study area. Results revealed that leaves were the most toxic plant parts (24 species, 52.1%), followed by the whole plant (18 species, 39.1%), stem (17 species, 36.9%), and seeds (10 species, 21.7%). At the organ level, liver as most susceptible affected by 13 species (28.2%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (15 species, 32.6%), nervous system (13 species, 8.2%), dermis (8 species, 17.3%), renal (7 species, 15.2%), respiratory (4 species, 8.7%), cardiovascular system (3 species, 6.5%), and reproductive system (2 species, 4.3%). The poisonous plant species with high Relative frequency citation (RFC) and fidelity level (FL) were Nerium oleander (RFC, 0.6; FL, 100), Lantana camara (RFC, 0.6; FL, 100), and Ricinus communis (RFC, 0.6; FL, 100). Experimental assessment of acute toxicity assay in rats revealed that Nerium oleander was the most toxic plant with LD50 of (4,000 mg/kg), trailed by Ricinus communis (4,200 mg/kg), L. camara (4,500 mg/kg), and Datura stramonium (4,700 mg/kg); however, other plants showed moderate to mild toxicity. The major clinical observations were anorexia, piloerection, dyspnea, salivation, tachypnea, constipation, diarrhea, tremor, itchiness, and dullness. Conclusion: This study showed that numerous poisonous plants pose a significant risk to the livestock industry within Himalayan territory, leading to substantial economic losses. Consequently, it is of utmost importance to conduct further comprehensive studies on the phytotoxicity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rasool
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Hyderabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Fahmida Parveen
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Sabir
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
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Jafar Teaimah S, Saleh Al-Hadlag K, Abd Ali Hlif N. Evaluation of the Activity of some Plant Extracts and Malathion on
the Control of Callosobruchus maculatus. BIONATURA 2023; 8:1-8. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts on the
control of callosobruchus maculatus.The plant extracts were Cuminum cyminum
seeds, Nerium oleander leaves, and Conocarpus erotica leaves at three concentrations: 0.5, 1, and 2% compared to the pesticide malathion 1.25ml. l-1 against
the southern bean insect Callosobruchus maculatus. Results showed that the ethanolic Conocarpus erotica leaves extract 2% achieved the highest mortality percentages to eggs, larvae and pupae by the values 12.86, 77.14, and 17.12 %,
compared to malathion, 77.7, 95.3, 70.36 % respectively, followed by ethanolic
Nerium oleander leaves extract 2%. In contrast, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminum seeds performed the lowest effects. Repellent activities of Conocarpus erotica leaves and Nerium oleander leaves extracts gave a
good and higher effect, especially with the highest concentration, 2%, and when
extracted by ethanol. These extracts could be recommended in integrated pest
management programs to protect cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus.
Keywords:- Plant extracts, Mortality, Repellency effect, Callosobruchus maculatus.
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Sharma R, Singh S, Tewari N, Dey P. A toxic shrub turned therapeutic: The dichotomy of Nerium oleander bioactivities. Toxicon 2023; 224:107047. [PMID: 36706925 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nerium oleander L. is a medicinal plant, used for the treatment of cancers and hyperglycemia across the world, especially in Indian sub-continent, Turkey, Morocco, and China. Although clinical studies supporting its pharmacological effects remain critically underexplored, accidental and intentional consumption of any part of the plant causes fatal toxicity in animals and humans. While the polyphenolic fraction of oleander leaves has been attributed to its pre-clinical pharmacological activities, the presence of diverse cardiac glycosides (especially oleandrin) causes apoptosis to cancer cells in vitro and results in clinical signs of oleander poisoning. Thus, the dual pharmacological and toxicological role of oleander is a perplexing dichotomy in phytotherapy. The current investigative review, therefore, intended to analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that likely contribute to this conundrum. Especially by focusing on gut microbial diversity, abundance, and metabolic functions, oleander-associated pharmacological and toxicological studies have been critically analyzed to define the dual effects of oleander. Electronic databases were extensively screened for relevant research articles (including pre-clinical and clinical) related to oleander bioactivities and toxicity. Taxonomic preference was given to the plant N. oleander L. and synonymous plants as per 'The World Flora Online' database (WCSP record #135196). Discussion on yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold) has intentionally been avoided since it is a different plant. The review indicates that the gut microbiota likely plays a key role in differentially modulating the pharmacological and toxicological effects of oleander. Other factors identified influencing the oleander bioactivities include dose and mode of treatment, cardiac glycoside pharmacokinetics, host-endogenous glycosides, plant material processing and phytochemical extraction methods, plant genotypic variations, environmental effects on the phytochemical quality and quantity, gene expression variations, host dietary patterns and co-morbidity, etc. The arguments proposed are also relevant to other medicinal plants containing toxic cardiac glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nisha Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Bai X, Wang G, Ren Y, Han J. Detection of Highly Poisonous Nerium oleander Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR with Specific Primers. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110776. [PMID: 36356026 PMCID: PMC9696062 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerium oleander is one of the most poisonous plants, and its accidental ingestion has frequently occurred in humans and livestock. It is vital to develop a rapid and accurate identification method for the timely rescue of oleander-poisoned patients and the investigation of poisoning cases. In this study, a specific and highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)-based method was developed to identify oleander in mixture systems and simulated forensic specimens (SFS). First, a new pair of oleander-specific primers, JZT-BF/BR, was designed and validated. Then, a qPCR method was developed using the primers, and its detective sensitivity was examined. The results showed that JZT-BF/BR could specifically identify oleander in forage and food mixtures, and qPCR was capable of accurate authentication even at a low DNA concentration of 0.001 ng/μL. This method was further applied to the analysis of SFS containing different ratios of N. oleander. The method was confirmed to be applicable to digested samples, and the detection limit reached 0.1% (w/w) oleander in mixture systems. Thus, this study undoubtedly provides strong support for the detection of highly toxic oleander and the diagnosis of food poisoning in humans and animals.
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Tailor PD, Farazdaghi MK, Patel SV, Baratz KH. Oleander-Associated Keratitis and Uveitis. Cornea 2022; 41:1305-1307. [PMID: 36107850 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oleander is a poisonous plant with extensively documented systemic side effects; however, oleander's ophthalmic side effects have not been detailed in the literature. We report a case of oleander-associated keratitis with subsequent corneal edema and anterior uveitis. METHODS This is a case report and review of relevant literature. RESULTS A 58-year-old woman presented with large corneal epithelial defect after being struck in the eye with an oleander leaf. Despite treatment with topical moxifloxacin, she developed severe corneal edema and anterior uveitis. A diagnosis of oleander-associated ocular inflammation with secondary corneal edema was made, given the temporal relationship, and treatment was initiated with topical prednisolone and cyclopentolate. However, the corneal edema and inflammation continued to progress until oral prednisone and topical difluprednate were initiated. Visual acuity, anterior uveitis, and corneal edema significantly improved with aggressive immunomodulation. Follow-up at 1 month confirmed complete recovery of symptoms, corneal edema and anterior uveitis. CONCLUSIONS Severe corneal edema and anterior uveitis can be associated with oleander exposure. Aggressive treatment with oral and topical steroids may be required without persistent sequelae at the 5-month follow-up. Ophthalmologists should consider this inflammatory reaction if patients experience ocular exposure to oleander.
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Singh Y, Nimoriya R, Rawat P, Mishra DK, Kanojiya S. Quantitative evaluation of cardiac glycosides and their seasonal variation analysis in Nerium oleander using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:746-753. [PMID: 35355343 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nerium oleander is an eminent source of structurally diverse cardiac glycosides (CGs), plays a prominent role in the treatment of heart failure, and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell lines. CGs exert their cardiotonic action by binding to the extracellularly exposed recognition sites on Na+ /K+ -ATPase, an integral membrane protein that establishes the electrochemical gradient of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane. OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantitatively determine CGs and their seasonal variation in leaf and stem samples of N. oleander utilizing UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS techniques. METHODS The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analytical method was developed utilizing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The Waters BEH C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used with a 22-min linear gradient consisting of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer. RESULTS In total 21 CGs were quantitatively determined in the seasonal leaf and stem samples of N. oleander along with the absolute quantitation of the three chemical markers odoroside H (244.8 μg/g), odoroside A (231.4 μg/g), and oleandrin (703.9 μg/g). The season-specific accumulation of chemical markers was observed in the order of predominance odoroside A (summer season, stem), odoroside H (winter season, stem), and oleandrin (rainy season, leaf). Besides this, the remaining 18 CGs were relatively quantified in the same samples. CONCLUSION The developed method is simple and reliable and can be used for the identification and quantification of multiple CGs in N. oleander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatendra Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Renu Nimoriya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipak K Mishra
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rasool F, Nizamani ZA, Ahmad KS, Parveen F, Khan SA, Sabir N. Phytotoxicological study of selected poisonous plants from Azad Jammu & Kashmir. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263605. [PMID: 35544538 PMCID: PMC9094571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poisonous plants cause tremendous economic losses to the livestock industry. These economic losses are deterioration in their health, decreased productivity, deformed offspring, and reduced longevity. The current study is the first comprehensive report on poisonous plants of Azad Jammu and Kashmir which systematically documents the phytotoxicological effect and mode of action in livestock. The information was gathered from 271 informants including 167 men and 104 women through semi-structured interviews and literature search through available databases. The data collected through interviews was analyzed with quantitative tools viz. the factor informant consensus and fidelity level. A total of 38 species of flowering plants belonging to 23 families and 38 genera were reported. Family Asteraceae (5 spp) was the most dominant, followed by Solanaceae (4 spp), Fabaceae (4 spp), Euphorbiaceae (4 spp) and Convolvulaceae (3 spp). Among all the species collected, herbs were the dominant life form (22 spp, 57.89%), trailed by shrubs (11 spp, 28.95%), and trees (5 spp, 13.16%). Whole plant toxicity was reported to be the highest (15 spp, 39.47%), followed by leaf toxicity (12 spp, 31.58%), seed toxicity (4 spp, 7.89%), fruit toxicity (3 spp, 10.53%), latex toxicity (2 spp, 5.26%), flowers toxicity (1 spp, 2.63%), and berries toxicity (1 spp, 2.63%). The most toxic route of administration was found oral (39 spp, 40.63%), followed by intraperitoneal (24 spp, 25%), and intravenous (21 spp, 21.88%). The most commonly affected organ was found liver (20.41%), followed by gastrointestinal tract (20.341%), CNS (16.33%), skin (14.29%), kidneys (12.24%), lungs (4.04%), reproductive organs (2.04%), spleen (1.75%), blood (1.75%), heart (1.75%), urinary tract (1.75%), and pancreas (1.75%). The maximum Fic value was found for dermatological disorders (0.91), followed by the endocrine system (0.90), gastrointestinal (0.82), neurology (0.77), nephrology (0.67), cardiovascular (0.67), urinary (0.67), respiratory (0.60), sexual (0.60) disorders. Senecio vulgaris, and Ageratum conyzoides were the most important plants with fidelity level (0.95) and (0.87). Nerium oleander, Lantana camara, Leucaena leucocephala, and Ricinus communis were the important poisonous plant with maximum fidelity level (100%). Ricinus communis with reported lowest LD50 (<20 mg/kg) was the top-ranked poisonous plant followed by Lantana camara and Justicia adhatoda (25-50 mg/kg), Nerium Oleander (157.37 mg/kg), and Datura innoxia (400 mg/kg). We found that knowledge about poisonous plants is less prevailing in the rural areas of Azad Kashmir compared to the knowledge about medicinal plants and poisonous nature of reported plants is due to production of toxic substances and presence of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rasool
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faulty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot (UPR), Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot (UPR), Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Fahmida Parveen
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Akbar Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faulty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot (UPR), Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Sabir
- Department of Pathobiology, Faulty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot (UPR), Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
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Zhai J, Dong X, Yan F, Guo H, Yang J. Oleandrin: A Systematic Review of its Natural Sources, Structural Properties, Detection Methods, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:822726. [PMID: 35273501 PMCID: PMC8902680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.822726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleandrin is a highly lipid-soluble cardiac glycoside isolated from the plant Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) and is used as a traditional herbal medicine due to its excellent pharmacological properties. It is widely applied for various disease treatments, such as congestive heart failure. Recently, oleandrin has attracted widespread attention due to its extensive anti-cancer and novel anti-viral effects. However, oleandrin has a narrow therapeutic window and exhibits various toxicities, especially typical cardiotoxicity, which is often fatal. This severe toxicity and low polarity have significantly hindered its application in the clinic. This review describes natural sources, structural properties, and detection methods of oleandrin. Based on reported poisoning cases and sporadic animal experiments, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of oleandrin are summarized, so as to infer some possible phenomena, such as enterohepatic circulation. Moreover, the relevant factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of oleandrin are analyzed, and some research approaches that may ameliorate the pharmacokinetic behavior of oleandrin are proposed. With the toxicology of oleandrin being thoroughly reviewed, the development of safe clinical applications of oleandrin may be possible given potential research strategies to decrease toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiao Zhai
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoru Dong,
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongsong Guo
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinling Yang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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da Silva Ferreira R, Fernandes PBU, da Cruz JPO, Silva FLA, Lempek MR, Canta GN, Veado JCC, Mantovani MM, Botelho AFM, Melo MM. Comparative Therapeutic Potential of Cardioactive Glycosides in Doxorubicin Model of Heart Failure. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:78-87. [PMID: 34655414 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the cardioactive glycosides oleandrin and ouabain, and compared them to digoxin in a model of cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Adult rats were distributed into four experimental groups. Each group was challenged with a single intraperitoneal application of doxorubicin at a dose of 12 mg/kg. Then, they were treated with saline solution and the glycosides oleandrin, ouabain, and digoxin at a dose of 50 µg/kg, for 7 days. They underwent echocardiography, electrocardiography, hematologic, biochemical tests, and microscopic evaluation of the heart. All animals presented congestive heart failure, which was verified by a reduction in the ejection fraction. Oleandrin and digoxin were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the eccentric remodeling caused by doxorubicin. Oleandrin and digoxin were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the control group in maintaining systolic volume and left ventricular volume in diastole. Other parameters evaluated did not show significant statistical differences. All animals showed an increase in erythrocyte count, and an increase in the duration of the QRS complex on the ECG and myocardial necrosis at the histopathological analysis. It is concluded that the glycosides oleandrin, ouabain, and digoxin in the used dosage do not present therapeutic potential for the treatment of congestive heart failure caused by doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marthin Raboch Lempek
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gioavanni Naves Canta
- Instituto de Ciência Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marília Martins Melo
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Anaeigoudari A, Azdaki N, Khazdair MR. A comprehensive review of cardiotoxic effects of selected plants. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1766506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jirof, Iran
| | - Nahid Azdaki
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Bedir E, Karakoyun Ç, Doğan G, Kuru G, Küçüksolak M, Yusufoğlu H. New Cardenolides from Biotransformation of Gitoxigenin by the Endophytic Fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1: Characterization and Cytotoxic Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103030. [PMID: 34069653 PMCID: PMC8161373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biotransformation is an important tool in drug discovery and for metabolism studies. To expand our bioactive natural product library via modification and to identify possible mammalian metabolites, a cytotoxic cardenolide (gitoxigenin) was biotransformed using the endophytic fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1. Initially, oleandrin was isolated from the dried leaves of Nerium oleander L. and subjected to an acid-catalysed hydrolysis to obtain the substrate gitoxigenin (yield; ~25%). After 21 days of incubation, five new cardenolides 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8 and three previously- identified compounds 2, 5 and 7 were isolated using chromatographic methods. Structural elucidations were accomplished through 1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and FT-IR analysis. A. eureka catalyzed oxygenation, oxidation, epimerization and dimethyl acetal formation reactions on the substrate. Cytotoxicity of the metabolites were evaluated using MTT cell viability method, whereas doxorubicin and oleandrin were used as positive controls. Biotransformation products displayed less cytotoxicity than the substrate. The new metabolite 8 exhibited the highest activity with IC50 values of 8.25, 1.95 and 3.4 µM against A549, PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively, without causing toxicity on healthy cell lines (MRC-5 and HEK-293) up to concentration of 10 µM. Our results suggest that A. eureka is an effective biocatalyst for modifying cardenolide-type secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (Ç.K.); Tel.: +90-232-750-7389 (E.B.); +90-232-311-2598 (Ç.K.)
| | - Çiğdem Karakoyun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (Ç.K.); Tel.: +90-232-750-7389 (E.B.); +90-232-311-2598 (Ç.K.)
| | - Gamze Doğan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Gülten Kuru
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Melis Küçüksolak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hasan Yusufoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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Mohammed SAA, Khan RA, El-Readi MZ, Emwas AH, Sioud S, Poulson BG, Jaremko M, Eldeeb HM, Al-Omar MS, Mohammed HA. Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract-Based Mitigation of CCl 4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats, and HepG-2 and HepG-2/ADR Cell-Lines-Based Cytotoxicity Evaluations. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101291. [PMID: 33003604 PMCID: PMC7601535 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suaeda vermiculata, an edible halophytic plant, used by desert nomads to treat jaundice, was investigated for its hepatoprotective bioactivity and safety profile on its mother liquor aqueous-ethanolic extract. Upon LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the presence of several constituents including three major flavonoids, namely quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-O-(acetyl)-hexoside-pentoside were confirmed. The aqueous-ethanolic extract, rich in antioxidants, quenched the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals, and also showed noticeable levels of radical scavenging capacity in ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay. For the hepatoprotective activity confirmation, the male rat groups were fed daily, for 7 days (n = 8/group, p.o.), either carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) 0.5%, silymarin 200 mg/kg, the aqueous-ethanolic extract of the plant Suaeda vermiculata (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg extract), or quercetin (100 mg/kg) alone, and on day 7 of the administrations, all the animal groups, excluding a naïve (250 mg/kg aqueous-ethanolic extract-fed), and an intact animal group were induced hepatotoxicity by intraperitoneally administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). All the animals were sacrificed after 24 h, and aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase serum levels were observed, which were noted to be significantly decreased for the aqueous-ethanolic extract, silymarin, and quercetin-fed groups in comparison to the CMC-fed group (p < 0.0001). No noticeable adverse effects were observed on the liver, kidney, or heart's functions of the naïve (250 mg/kg) group. The aqueous-ethanolic extract was found to be safe in the acute toxicity (5 g/kg) test and showed hepatoprotection and safety at higher doses. Further upon, the cytotoxicity testings in HepG-2 and HepG-2/ADR (Adriamycin resistant) cell-lines were also investigated, and the IC50 values were recorded at 56.19±2.55 µg/mL, and 78.40±0.32 µg/mL (p < 0.001, Relative Resistance RR 1.39), respectively, while the doxorubicin (Adriamycin) IC50 values were found to be 1.3±0.064, and 4.77±1.05 µg/mL (p < 0.001, RR 3.67), respectively. The HepG-2/ADR cell-lines when tested in a combination of the aqueous-ethanolic extract with doxorubicin, a significant reversal in the doxorubicin's IC50 value by 2.77 folds (p < 0.001, CI = 0.56) was noted as compared to the cytotoxicity test where the extract was absent. The mode of action for the reversal was determined to be synergistic in nature indicating the role of the aqueous-ethanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman A. A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.A.M.); (R.A.K.); (H.A.M.); Tel.: +966-(0)530309899 (S.A.A.M.); +966-(0)508384296 (R.A.K.); +966-(0)566176074 (H.A.M.)
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.A.M.); (R.A.K.); (H.A.M.); Tel.: +966-(0)530309899 (S.A.A.M.); +966-(0)508384296 (R.A.K.); +966-(0)566176074 (H.A.M.)
| | - Mahmoud Z. El-Readi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (A.-H.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Salim Sioud
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (A.-H.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Benjamin G. Poulson
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.P); (M.J.)
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.P); (M.J.)
| | - Hussein M. Eldeeb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S. Al-Omar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, JUST, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.A.A.M.); (R.A.K.); (H.A.M.); Tel.: +966-(0)530309899 (S.A.A.M.); +966-(0)508384296 (R.A.K.); +966-(0)566176074 (H.A.M.)
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Farkhondeh T, Kianmehr M, Kazemi T, Samarghandian S, Khazdair MR. Toxicity effects of Nerium oleander, basic and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:773-784. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327120901571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. N. oleander is distributed originally in subtropical Asia but is now growing in many parts of the world, such as the United States, Australia, China, and Middle East countries. Pharmacological effects of plant including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity were reported, but the potential toxic effects of all parts of the shrub either fresh or dried on animal and human body were documented. Method: The data of this review article were obtained from Medline/Pubmed, Scopusand Google Scholar databases in English until September 2019. To include all publications in this field, keywords such as N. oleander and toxicity were used. Results: The poisoning effects of plant or their active alkaloids induced infiltration of cells with hemorrhage and sever negative changes in the lung, induce lesions, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the portal spaces with scattered necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver, cardiac toxicity of the plant in the heart were included, induced varying degrees of hemorrhage, myocardial degeneration, and necrosis. It also induced arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, and prolonged P-R interval in electrocardiographic records. Conclusions: The toxic effects of N. oleander are mostly related to its inhibitory effects on the Na+-K+ ATPase pump in the cellular membrane. However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in the toxicity of N. oleander is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Kianmehr
- Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
| | - T Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - S Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - MR Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Abdou RH, Sayed N. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nano-Selenium against Cypermethrin-Induced Liver Toxicity. Cell 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/cellbio.2019.84004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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