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Shahraki-Mohammadi A, Keikha L, Zahedi R. Investigate the relationship between the retraction reasons and the quality of methodology in non-Cochrane retracted systematic reviews: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:24. [PMID: 38217029 PMCID: PMC10785437 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between retraction status and the methodology quality in the retracted non-Cochrane systematic review. METHOD PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched with keywords including systematic review, meta-analysis, and retraction or retracted as a type of publication until September 2023. There were no time or language restrictions. Non-Cochrane medical systematic review studies that were retracted were included in the present study. The data related to the retraction status of the articles were extracted from the retraction notice and Retraction Watch, and the quality of the methodology was evaluated with the AMSTAR-2 checklist by two independent researchers. Data were analyzed in the Excel 2019 and SPSS 21 software. RESULT Of the 282 systematic reviews, the corresponding authors of 208 (73.75%) articles were from China. The average interval between publish and retraction of the article was about 23 months and about half of the non-Cochrane systematic reviews were retracted in the last 4 years. The most common reasons for retractions were fake peer reviews and unreliable data, respectively. Editors and publishers were the most retractors or requestors for retractions. More than 86% of the retracted non-Cochrane SRs were published in journals with an impact factor above two and had a critically low quality. Items 7, 9, and 13 among the critical items of the AMSTAR-2 checklist received the lowest scores. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION There was a significant relationship between the reasons of retraction and the quality of the methodology (P-value < 0.05). Plagiarism software and using the Cope guidelines may decrease the time of retraction. In some countries, strict rules for promoting researchers increase the risk of misconduct. To avoid scientific errors and improve the quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SRs/MAs), it is better to create protocol registration and retraction guidelines in each journal for SRs/MAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Shahraki-Mohammadi
- Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Leila Keikha
- Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Razieh Zahedi
- Medical Librarianship and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moderator Effect of Hypoalbuminemia in Volume Resuscitation and Plasma Expansion with Intravenous Albumin Solution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214175. [PMID: 36430652 PMCID: PMC9695189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of crystalloid or colloid solutions is the most common intervention for correcting hypovolemia in intensive care unit patients. In critical illness, especially sepsis and severe trauma, vascular wall permeability increases, and trans-endothelial escape of serum albumin, the major oncotic plasma constituent, contributes to the development of hypoalbuminemia and edema formation. The volume effects of intravenous human albumin solution exceed those of crystalloid solutions. If hypoalbuminemia is an effect moderator, the crystalloid-to-albumin ratio of fluid resuscitation volumes is not well characterized. Randomized controlled trials have confirmed that intravenous administration of human albumin solutions for volume resuscitation results in a lower net fluid balance compared with crystalloids, and smaller infusion volumes may be sufficient for hemodynamic stabilization when human albumin solutions are used. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence and conclusions drawn regarding the role of hypoalbuminemia in volume resuscitation. In the 'Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation' study using 4% human albumin solution or saline, the saline-to-albumin ratio of study fluids was significantly higher in patients with baseline serum albumin concentrations of 25 g/L or less as compared to patients with baseline serum albumin concentrations of more than 25 g/L. In patients receiving renal replacement therapy, intravenous administration of 20-25% human albumin solution reduces intradialytic hypotension and improves fluid removal better than saline if serum albumin levels are similarly reduced. These data suggest that hypoalbuminemia acts as an effect moderator in volume resuscitation and plasma expansion with albumin solution. The volume effectiveness of intravenous human albumin solution in resuscitation appears to be greater when the serum albumin levels are low. In clinical situations, serum albumin concentrations per se may inform when and how to include intravenous albumin in fluid resuscitation if large amounts of crystalloids are needed, which requires further studies.
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Makhinson M, Seshia SS, Young GB, Smith PA, Stobart K, Guha IN. The iatrogenic opioid crisis: An example of 'institutional corruption of pharmaceuticals'? J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:1033-1043. [PMID: 33760335 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prescribed opioids are major contributors to the international public health opioid crisis. Such widespread iatrogenic harms usually result from collective decision failures of healthcare organizations rather than solely of individual organizations or professionals. Findings from a system-wide safety analysis of the iatrogenic opioid crisis that includes roles of pertinent healthcare organizations may help avoid or mitigate similar future iatrogenic consequences. In this retrospective exploratory study, we report such an analysis. METHODS The study population encompassed the entire age spectrum and included those in whom opioids prescribed for chronic pain (unrelated to malignancy) were associated with death or morbidity. Root cause analysis, incorporating recent suggestions for improvement, was used to identify possible contributory factors from the literature. Based on their mandated roles and potential influences to prevent or mitigate the iatrogenic crisis, relevant organizations were grouped and stratified from most to least influential. RESULTS The analysis identified a chain of multiple interrelated causal factors within and between organizations. The most influential organizations were pharmaceutical, political, and drug regulatory; next: experts and their related societies, and publications. Less influential: accreditation, professional licensing and regulatory, academic and healthcare funding bodies. Collectively, their views and decisions influenced prescribing practices of frontline healthcare professionals and advocacy groups. Financial associations between pharmaceutical and most other organizations/groups were common. Ultimately, patients were adversely affected. There was a complex association with psychosocial variables. LIMITATIONS The analysis suggests associations not causality. CONCLUSION The iatrogenic crisis has multiple intricately linked roots. The major catalyst: pervasive pharma-linked financial conflicts of interest (CoIs) involving most other healthcare organizations. These extensive financial CoIs were likely triggers for a cascade of erroneous decisions and actions that adversely affected patients. The actions and decisions of pharma ranged from unethical to illegal. The iatrogenic opioid crisis may exemplify 'institutional corruption of pharmaceuticals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Makhinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Shashi S Seshia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gordon Bryan Young
- Clinical Neurological Sciences and Medicine (Critical Care), Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Grey Bruce Health Services, Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada
| | - Preston A Smith
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kent Stobart
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Indra Neil Guha
- NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Morath B, Meid AD, Rickmann J, Soethoff J, Verch M, Karck M, Zaradzki M. Renal Safety of Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Drug Saf 2021; 44:1311-1321. [PMID: 34564829 PMCID: PMC8626393 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-021-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The risk for renal complications from hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 (HES) impacts treatment decisions in patients after cardiac surgery. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the impact of postoperatively administered HES on renal function and 90-day mortality compared to sole crystalloid administration in patients after elective cardiac surgery. Methods Using electronic health records from a university hospital, confounding-adjusted models analyzed the associations between postoperative HES administration and the occurrence of postoperative acute kidney injury. In addition, 90-day mortality was evaluated. The impact of HES dosage and timing on renal function on trajectories of estimated glomerular filtration rates over the postoperative period was investigated using linear mixed-effects models. Results Overall 1009 patients (45.0%) experienced acute kidney injury. Less acute kidney injury occurred in patients receiving HES compared with patients receiving only crystalloids for fluid resuscitation (43.7% vs 51.2%, p = 0.008). In multivariate acute kidney injury models, HES had a protective association (odds ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.82–0.96). Crystalloids were not as protective as HES (odds ratio: 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.95–1.00). There was no association between HES and 90-day mortality (odds ratio: 1.05; 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.25). Renal function trajectories were dose dependent and biphasic, HES appeared to slow down the late postoperative decline. Conclusions This study showed no association between HES and the postoperative occurrence of acute kidney injury and thus further closes the evidence gap on HES safety in cardiac surgery patients. Although this was a retrospective cohort study, the results indicated that HES might be safely administered to cardiac surgery patients with regard to renal outcomes, especially if it was administered early and dosed appropriately. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40264-021-01116-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Morath
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hospital Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas D Meid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Rickmann
- Center for Information and Medical Technology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Soethoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Verch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcin Zaradzki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Retractions in Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences Journals: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1980-1990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sadeghi MR. How Can the Implementation of Ethical Norms Be Guaranteed in Biomedical Studies? J Reprod Infertil 2020; 21:69-70. [PMID: 32500009 PMCID: PMC7253938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Khemiss M, Berrezouga L, Ben Khelifa M, Masmoudi T, Ben Saad H. Understanding of plagiarism among North-African university hospital doctors (UHDs): A pilot study. Account Res 2018; 26:65-84. [PMID: 30572716 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2018.1561290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
No previous North-African study has evaluated the UHDs understanding of plagiarism (UP). This descriptive study aimed to assess UP among Tunisian UHDs. UHDs were recruited via electronic mails sent to all the Tunisian UHDs through the national health networks and by convenience sampling via a questionnaire provided directly to some UHDs. The French survey, available from the Laval University website, includes 11 questions related to UP, with three-choice answers (yes/no/may be). One point was awarded for each correct answer. A total score lower than six corresponded to a low level of UP. 96 UHDs (69 females) responded to the survey either through emails (39.6%) or by filled in the paper (60.4%). The mean ±SD (95% confidence interval) score of UP was considered low at 5.4 ± 1.9 (5.0 to 5.8); 74% of the participants had a low UP. The UP score was significantly different between the categories of assistants and professors. Data comparison between subjective and objective assessments revealed that significant percentages of UHDs underestimated their low UP. This was more marked in the professors' category. There was no significant correlation between the UP total score and the UHDs' age or professional experience. To conclude, plagiarism is not well-known to North African UHDs. Abbreviations: MD: medical doctor; MSc: master of sciences; PhD: doctor of philosophy; r: Spearman correlation coefficient; SD: standard deviation; UHDs: university hospital doctors; UP: understanding of plagiarism; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khemiss
- a Department of Dental Medicine , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.,b Faculty of Dental Medicine , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.,c Research Laboratory N° LR12SP10: functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of maxillary , Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia
| | - L Berrezouga
- c Research Laboratory N° LR12SP10: functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of maxillary , Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,d Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics , Dental Clinic , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - M Ben Khelifa
- a Department of Dental Medicine , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.,b Faculty of Dental Medicine , University of Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia.,c Research Laboratory N° LR12SP10: functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of maxillary , Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia
| | - T Masmoudi
- e Forensic Medical Service , Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia
| | - H Ben Saad
- f Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations , Farhat Hached Hospital , Sousse , Tunisia.,g Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory , Farhat Hached Hospital , Sousse , Tunisia.,h Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, laboratoire de Physiologie , Université de Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia
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Wiedermann CJ. Undisclosed conflicts of interest in German-language textbooks of anesthesiology, critical care, and emergency medicine. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAET IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2018; 139:53-58. [PMID: 30472275 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical textbooks are important throughout postgraduate internship, residency and fellowship programs but authors' conflicts of interest (COI) are rarely disclosed. In anesthesiology, two high-profile cases of research fraud/unethical publishing have previously been identified. This study evaluated whether anesthesiology textbooks in German include controversial recommendations on hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and whether authors had undisclosed COI. METHODS Forty-five anesthesiology, critical care, and emergency medicine electronic textbooks (January 2015-August 2017) were identified on the websites of German, Austrian, and Swiss publishers. Six textbooks were excluded (irrelevant content; compilation of peer-reviewed articles). Content on HES ('Kolloid', 'Hydroxyäthylstärke', 'Hydroxyethylstärke', 'HES', 'HAES') and COI ('Interessenkonflikt') was electronically searched; subject lists were manually searched. Recommendations on HES were analyzed in the context of indications/warnings/international guidelines. Potential COI for authors of controversial recommendations were searched on PubMed/EMBASE (January 2016-May 2018). RESULTS COI statements were absent in 38/39 textbooks (present for 1/553 authors; 0.2 %). Twelve textbooks did not discuss HES for volume resuscitation. HES was recommended in 13 textbooks; many recommendations were controversial (10/39 textbooks, 26 %; 25/553 authors, 5 %). Journal COI statements were available for 18/25 authors; 7 authors had financial/other COI, including 4/18 (22 %) with ties to HES manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations on volume resuscitation with HES are highly controversial in German-language electronic textbooks; about one-quarter of relevant textbooks are inconsistent with regulatory authority or international guideline criteria. Undisclosed potential COI of textbook authors making controversial recommendations of HES were frequent, linking roughly one in five authors to the HES-producing industry. Against this background, COI statements must become part of standard textbook publication ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Wiedermann
- UMIT - Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Hall in Tirol, Österreich.
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Interpretación de resultados estadísticos. Med Intensiva 2018; 42:370-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wiedermann CJ, Joannidis M. The Boldt scandal still in need of action: the example of colloids 10 years after initial suspicion of fraud. Intensive Care Med 2018; 44:1735-1737. [PMID: 29968012 PMCID: PMC7572333 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Wiedermann
- UMIT-University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Platz 1, 6060, Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
| | - Michael Joannidis
- Division of Medical Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Seshia SS, Bryan Young G, Makhinson M, Smith PA, Stobart K, Croskerry P. Gating the holes in the Swiss cheese (part I): Expanding professor Reason's model for patient safety. J Eval Clin Pract 2018; 24:187-197. [PMID: 29168290 PMCID: PMC5901035 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although patient safety has improved steadily, harm remains a substantial global challenge. Additionally, safety needs to be ensured not only in hospitals but also across the continuum of care. Better understanding of the complex cognitive factors influencing health care-related decisions and organizational cultures could lead to more rational approaches, and thereby to further improvement. HYPOTHESIS A model integrating the concepts underlying Reason's Swiss cheese theory and the cognitive-affective biases plus cascade could advance the understanding of cognitive-affective processes that underlie decisions and organizational cultures across the continuum of care. METHODS Thematic analysis, qualitative information from several sources being used to support argumentation. DISCUSSION Complex covert cognitive phenomena underlie decisions influencing health care. In the integrated model, the Swiss cheese slices represent dynamic cognitive-affective (mental) gates: Reason's successive layers of defence. Like firewalls and antivirus programs, cognitive-affective gates normally allow the passage of rational decisions but block or counter unsounds ones. Gates can be breached (ie, holes created) at one or more levels of organizations, teams, and individuals, by (1) any element of cognitive-affective biases plus (conflicts of interest and cognitive biases being the best studied) and (2) other potential error-provoking factors. Conversely, flawed decisions can be blocked and consequences minimized; for example, by addressing cognitive biases plus and error-provoking factors, and being constantly mindful. Informed shared decision making is a neglected but critical layer of defence (cognitive-affective gate). The integrated model can be custom tailored to specific situations, and the underlying principles applied to all methods for improving safety. The model may also provide a framework for developing and evaluating strategies to optimize organizational cultures and decisions. LIMITATIONS The concept is abstract, the model is virtual, and the best supportive evidence is qualitative and indirect. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model may help enhance rational decision making across the continuum of care, thereby improving patient safety globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi S Seshia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - G Bryan Young
- Clinical Neurological Sciences and Medicine (Critical Care), Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, Grey Bruce Health Services, Owen Sound, Canada
| | - Michael Makhinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, USA
| | - Preston A Smith
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kent Stobart
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Pat Croskerry
- Critical Thinking Program, Division of Medical Education, Dalhousie University Medical School, Halifax, Canada
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