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Penadés R, Bosia M, Catalán R, Spangaro M, García-Rizo C, Amoretti S, Bioque M, Bernardo M. The role of genetics in cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: A systematic review. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2019; 19:100146. [PMID: 31832337 PMCID: PMC6889757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2019.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetics in cognitive remediation therapies in schizophrenia has not been completely understood yet. Different genes involved in neurotrophic, dopaminergic and serotonin systems have reported to influence cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. These genetic factors could also be contributing to the variability in responsiveness to cognitive treatments. No comprehensive synthesis of the literature of the role of genetics in the context of cognitive remediation has been conducted until now. We aimed to systematically review the published works through three electronic database searches: PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies revealed a rising interest in the field although the number of published studies was rather small (n = 10). Eventually, promising results showing a relationship between some phenotypic variations based on different polymorphisms and different levels of responsivity to cognitive remediation therapies have been described although results are still inconclusive. In case those findings will be replicated, they could be guiding future research and informing clinical decision-making in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Penadés
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Catalán
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Serra-Millàs M. Are the changes in the peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels due to platelet activation? World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:84-101. [PMID: 27014600 PMCID: PMC4804271 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in central nervous system development, neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity. BDNF is also expressed in several non-neuronal tissues, and it could play an important role in other processes, such as cancer, angiogenesis, etc. Platelets are the major source of peripheral BDNF. However, platelets also contain high amounts of serotonin; they express specific surface receptors during activation, and a multitude of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory bioactive compounds are secreted from the granules. Until recently, there was insufficient knowledge regarding the relationship between BDNF and platelets. Recent studies showed that BDNF is present in two distinct pools in platelets, in α-granules and in the cytoplasm, and only the BDNF in the granules is secreted following stimulation, representing 30% of the total BDNF in platelets. BDNF has an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Low levels of serum BDNF have been described in patients with major depressive disorder, and BDNF levels increased with chronic antidepressant treatment. Interestingly, there is an association between depression and platelet function. This review analyzed studies that evaluated the relationship between BDNF and platelet activation and the effect of treatments on both parameters. Only a few studies consider this possible confounding factor, and it could be very important in diseases such as depression, which show changes in both parameters.
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Penadés R, García-Rizo C, Bioque M, González-Rodríguez A, Cabrera B, Mezquida G, Bernardo M. The search for new biomarkers for cognition in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2015; 2:172-178. [PMID: 29114461 PMCID: PMC5609637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for biomarkers in cognition has been the focus of a large part of the research on patients suffering from schizophrenia. The scientific literature is heterogeneous, and few studies establishing an integrative model of pathogenesis and therapeutic response are available in this field. In this review, we aimed to summarize three essential aspects correlated with cognitive performance: 1) the relationship between inflammation and cognition in schizophrenia, 2) the role of prolactin in cognition, and 3) the association between cognition and neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Several studies support the association of inflammatory markers with cognitive status in schizophrenia. In recent decades, the development of effective therapies for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia has focused on the search for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory medications. Conversely, the implications of prolactin and its functions in cognition, the transition to psychosis and the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia have been established independent of antipsychotic treatment. With regard to neurotrophic factors, a recent study has correlated BDNF levels with cognitive recovery in schizophrenic patients treated with cognitive remediation. We conclude that although there is a diversity of biomarkers focused on cognitive function in schizophrenia, BDNF is the biomarker that has accumulated the vast majority of evidence in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Penadés
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,University of Barcelona.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | | | - Bibiana Cabrera
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU).,Hospital Clínic Barcelona.,University of Barcelona.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).,Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
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Penadés R, Garcia-Rizo C, Bioque M, González-Rodríguez A, Cabrera B, Mezquida G, Bernardo M. Búsqueda De Nuevos Biomarcadores De La Cognición En Esquizofrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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