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Caceres GA, Scambray KA, Malee K, Smith R, Williams PL, Wang L, Jenkins LM. Relationship between brain structural network integrity and emotional symptoms in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:101-113. [PMID: 38043871 PMCID: PMC10842701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV) currently affects approximately 1.7 million children worldwide. Youth with PHIV (YPHIV) are at increased risk for emotional and behavioral symptoms, yet few studies have examined relationships between these symptoms and brain structure. Previous neuroimaging studies in YPHIV report alterations within the salience network (SN), cognitive control network (CCN), and default mode network (DMN). These areas have been associated with social and emotional processing, emotion regulation, and executive function. We examined structural brain network integrity from MRI using morphometric similarity networks and graph theoretical measures of segregation (transitivity), resilience (assortativity), and integration (global efficiency). We examined brain network integrity of 40 YPHIV compared to 214 youths without HIV exposure or infection. Amongst YPHIV, we related structural brain network metrics to the Emotional Symptoms Index of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition. We also examined the relationship of inflammatory biomarkers in YPHIV to brain network integrity. YPHIV had significantly lower global efficiency in the SN, DMN, and the whole brain network compared to controls. YPHIV also demonstrated lower assortativity or resilience (i.e., network robustness) compared to controls in the DMN and whole brain network. Further, higher emotional symptom score was associated with higher global efficiency in the SN and lower global efficiency in the DMN, signaling more emotional challenges. A significant association was also found between several inflammatory and cardiac markers with structural network integrity. These findings suggest an impact of HIV on developing brain networks, and potential dysfunction of the SN and DMN in relation to network efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A Caceres
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kiana A Scambray
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kathleen Malee
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Renee Smith
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paige L Williams
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lisanne M Jenkins
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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2
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Shrestha S, Shakya Shrestha U, Priyanka J, Shrestha P. Depressive Symptoms among People Living with HIV Attending ART Centers of Lumbini Province, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study. AIDS Res Treat 2023; 2023:3526208. [PMID: 37908331 PMCID: PMC10615575 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3526208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a common mental disorder and is a leading cause of disability globally. Depressive symptoms among people living with HIV can be a significant barrier to ART initiation and thus lead to poor ART adherence. Global studies have found the prevalence of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV ranges from 12 to 63%. The real scenario of Nepal still needs to be explored. Thus, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and predictors of depression in individuals with HIV. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out from August to December 2020 among 406 people living with HIV attending ART centers in Lumbini province. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique and surveyed with a structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables, HIV AIDS-related variables, and 21 items Beck Depression Inventory tool. The odds ratio was used as the ultimate measure of association, with a 95% confidence interval computed to establish statistical significance. A multivariate regression analysis was carried out to identify the final predictors of depressive symptoms. Results The study found that 26.8% of the respondents had depressive symptoms. Those who were literate (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.61), in the poorest wealth quintile (AOR = 7.28, 95% CI: 2.22-23.87), initiated ART within 12 months (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.03-3.42), had CD4 cell counts below 200 (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.54-4.06), and had a time difference of 3 months or less between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.86) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Routine screening for depressive symptoms should be integrated into national HIV prevention and control programs for people living with HIV. An enabling environment should be created to facilitate the rapid enrollment of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in ART services, thereby reducing the time gap between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saneep Shrestha
- Department of Community Medicine, Universal College of Medical Science and Teaching Hospital, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | | | - Jyoti Priyanka
- Department of Community Medicine, Universal College of Medical Science and Teaching Hospital, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Pragya Shrestha
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal
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Alum EU, Obeagu EI, Ugwu OP, Samson AO, Adepoju AO, Amusa MO. Inclusion of nutritional counseling and mental health services in HIV/AIDS management: A paradigm shift. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35673. [PMID: 37832059 PMCID: PMC10578718 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a public health challenge that can degenerate into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not properly managed. HIV infection shortens life expectancy to about 5 to 10 years compared to noninfected individuals. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are prone to several health challenges as a result of a deranged immune system culminating in high morbidity and mortality. Depression is a common feature of PLWHA. Depression heightens the emergence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals, accelerates the progression to AIDS, and increased suicidal tendencies, morbidity, and mortality. Food insecurity with its resultant undernutrition contributes to HIV/AIDS-related deaths. Undernourished PLWHA are more prone to opportunistic infections due to poor immunity. Interestingly, proper diet intake can boost immunity, slow the progression of AIDS and opportunistic infections, enhance body weight, and retard depression tendencies. Undernutrition can also be ameliorated by incorporating nutritional counseling and oral nutrient supplementation in routine HIV/AIDS checkups. Therefore, to increase HIV/AIDS management outcomes, the integration of nutrition counseling, dietary supplements, and mental health services should be embraced. Thus, HIV/AIDS care centers should amplify these services. In this article, we isolated relevant studies from various databases, illuminated the interwoven relationship between HIV/AIDS, depression, and undernutrition, and also reemphasized the need for adequate nutritional intervention in the battle against HIV/AIDS. Thus, this study provides a reawakening call to focus on incorporating nutritional guides and mental health care in HIV/AIDS management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther U. Alum
- Department of Publications and Extension, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Okechukwu P.C. Ugwu
- Department of Publications and Extension, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Mariam O. Amusa
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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4
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Madundo K, Knettel BA, Knippler E, Mbwambo J. Prevalence, severity, and associated factors of depression in newly diagnosed people living with HIV in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:83. [PMID: 36726113 PMCID: PMC9890688 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is particularly common among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with some studies showing a prevalence of depression three times higher among people living with HIV as compared to the general public. The stress associated with being diagnosed with HIV can be quite impactful, including concerns about one's long-term health, stigma, and the burden of long-term treatment. Therefore, it is common for a new HIV diagnosis to contribute to the onset of depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of depression, and its associated factors in people diagnosed with HIV within the past 12 months. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey with patients newly diagnosed with HIV at three hospitals in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania utilizing a locally validated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screener for depression, the Demographic Health Survey (SES-DHS8) for socio-demographic characteristics, and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) to assess perceived social support. We enrolled 272 participants between September and December 2020, diagnosed with HIV within the past 12 months. Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis were used to determine associations of sociodemographic variables with the dependent variable of depression. RESULTS Overall prevalence of depression in our sample was 41%, including 54 participants (20%) with moderate symptoms, 42 (15%) with moderately severe symptoms, and 16 (6%) with severe symptoms. Severity was highest in participants diagnosed with HIV less than 1 month ago. An ANCOVA model (overall F = 4.72, p < 0.001) assessing factors associated with greater depression severity revealed significant effects of study site (F = 7.6, p < 0.001), female gender (F = 5.11, p = 0.02), and less time since HIV diagnosis (F = 12.3, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study demonstrates very high prevalence of depression among people living with HIV in this setting, particularly among those newly diagnosed, female participants, and those seen at the larger regional referral hospital. Integration of mental health screening and interventions into CTC care is vital in the first visits following a positive test result and may be tailored to meet the needs of patients at highest risk for developing symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Madundo
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Brandon A Knettel
- Duke University School of Nursing and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Knippler
- Duke Centre for AIDS Research, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Bui TM, Chiu R, Chiu RG, Nguyen QN, Nguyen LH, Nguyen HLT, Vu LG, Vu GT, Van Ngo T, Vu TMT, Tran BX, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Depressive symptoms are associated with immunological failure among HIV-positive patients in Vietnam. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 28:1244-1250. [PMID: 34789031 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.2005808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH) become increasingly normalized, more focus is being given to the associated comorbidities of HIV, including those related to mental health such as depression. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between depressive symptoms and HIV outcomes in Vietnam through the measurement of CD4 cell count. A mixed design was utilized, in which both a longitudinal assessment of CD4 cell counts and a cross-sectional survey of depressive symptoms were conducted on 481 patients in the Bach Mai and Ha Dong HIV clinics (Hanoi, Vietnam). CD4 cell count data was extracted from the medical records of participants, and depressive symptoms were screened using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The results illustrate that the presence of moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms is associated with lower CD4 cell counts, indicating poorer HIV outcomes resulting from comorbid depression. This correlation was especially noticeable in the PHQ-9 items for psychomotor agitation/retardation (p < 0.05) and suicidal ideation (p < 0.05). Future policy and treatment options for HIV in Vietnam should consider the presence of comorbid mental health conditions in order to provide more suitable and effective treatment in the goal of providing a higher quality of life for PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Minh Bui
- Bach Mai Medical College, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Richard Chiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan G Chiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quang N Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,UFR Biosciences Department Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Linh Gia Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Toan Van Ngo
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuc Minh Thi Vu
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (IHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Parro-Torres C, Hernández-Huerta D, Ochoa-Mangado E, Pérez-Elías MJ, Baca-García E, Madoz-Gúrpide A. Antiretroviral treatment adherence and mental disorders: observational case-control study in people living with HIV in Spain. AIDS Care 2021; 34:1064-1072. [PMID: 34165358 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1944598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders hamper immunological control of HIV infection by exerting a negative influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We sought to address the possible relationship between non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), mental disorders and substance use in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Spain, which presents a high prevalence of intravenously transmitted HIV infection. We assessed 125 PLWHA attending regular outpatient follow-up. The main adherence measure was pill collection from the Hospital Pharmacy. We included sociodemographic variables, mental disorders diagnosis, and substance use in the 12 months prior to the assessment. Harmful alcohol consumption (OR: 6.834; 95% CI: 2.008-23.257; p = 0.002), suffering from depression (OR: 5.851; 95% CI: 1.470-23.283; p = 0.012) and being at risk of suicide (OR: 3.495; 95% CI: 1.136-10.757; p = 0.029) increased the likelihood of non-adherence. 29.6% of the sample had been infected via blood contact. HCV co-infection was present in 46.4% of the study sample, increasing the likelihood of non-adherence (OR: 3.223; 95% CI: 1.119-9.286; p = 0.030). Harmful alcohol use and some serious mental disorders (especially depression and suicide risk) are consistently associated with non-adherence to ART. HCV co-infection could be an important risk marker of non-adherence among PLWHA with a high prevalence of intravenous drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Parro-Torres
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Nimes, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigacion en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Govender K, Durevall D, Cowden RG, Beckett S, Kharsany AB, Lewis L, George G, Cawood C, Khanyile D. Depression symptoms, HIV testing, linkage to ART, and viral suppression among women in a high HIV burden district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A cross-sectional household study. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:936-945. [PMID: 33382009 PMCID: PMC8855385 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320982042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets by 2020 is contingent on identifying and
addressing mental health challenges that may affect HIV testing and
treatment-related behaviors. This study is based on survey data from
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2014–2015). HIV positive women who reported higher
depression scores had a lower odds of having tested previously for HIV
(15–25 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98]; 26–49 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI
[0.84, 0.96]). Because HIV testing behavior represents a gateway to treatment,
the findings suggest mental health may be one challenge to attaining the UNAIDS
90-90-90 targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lara Lewis
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Cherie Cawood
- Epicentre AIDS Risk Management (Pty) Limited, South Africa
| | - David Khanyile
- Epicentre AIDS Risk Management (Pty) Limited, South Africa
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Jain MK, Li X, Adams-Huet B, Tiruneh YM, Luque AE, Duarte P, Trombello JM, Nijhawan AE. The risk of depression among racially diverse people living with HIV: the impact of HIV viral suppression. AIDS Care 2020; 33:645-653. [PMID: 32880184 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1815167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the correlates of depression in HIV patients can help identify groups whose members are at increased risk for depression. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study among racially diverse, indigent patients living with HIV (PLWH) who were obtaining care in an urban safety-net hospital system and had completed a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in 2014 or 2015. We collected demographics, HIV risk factors, HIV viral loads, CD4 counts, missed visits, and emergency department (ED) visits. Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Symptoms Screener (SAMISS) were abstracted. Missing data on substance use and CD4 cell counts were imputed to examine the odds of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) by multivariable analysis for a complete case and sensitivity analysis. Stratified analysis by HIV viral suppression (VS) was used to determine the odds of depression among subgroups. Of the 5126 HIV patients (70.8% male,56.3% Black, 44.6% MSM, 6.0% IDU), 1271 (24.8%) experienced depression (PHQ ≥ 10). In a multivariable logistic model female gender, White race, injection drug use (IDU) or men who have sex with men (MSM) as an HIV risk factor, making ≥1 ED visit, having missed any HIV visit, having AIDS, and having a positive drug screen by SAMISS increased the odds for depression. Those who had achieved HIV VS or received efavirenz had lower odds of depression. Even among those with AIDS, those failing to achieve VS were at increased odds for depression, whereas those achieving VS were not. Moderate to severe depression is prevalent among PLWH. Among those with AIDS, HIV VS modifies the odds of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta K Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yordanos M Tiruneh
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Amneris E Luque
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Piper Duarte
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Trombello
- Center for Depression and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ank E Nijhawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Adeyemo S, Adeosun II, Ogun OC, Adewuya A, David AN, Adegbohun AA, Adejumo O, Ogunlowo OA, Adeyemo OO. Depression and suicidality among adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in Lagos, Nigeria. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:31. [PMID: 32818041 PMCID: PMC7427997 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigeria is considered to have the second highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide with a national HIV infection prevalence of 5.2% in children and adolescents. Adolescents with HIV-infection have been reported to be more prone to developing comorbid emotional difficulties including depression and suicidality compared to those without HIV-infection. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and correlates of depression and suicidality in adolescents living with HIV infection. METHODS Through a consecutive sampling method, two hundred and one adolescents attending HIV outpatient clinics in two tertiary hospital (Lagos state University Teaching Hospital and Nigerian Institute of Medical Research) were recruited. Confidentiality was assured and maintained. Suicidality and Depression were assessed with their corresponding modules in Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents (MINI-Kid) by researcher, while the independent variables were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. RESULT The prevalence of current and lifetime major depressive episode, and suicidality were 16.9%, 44.8% and 35.3% respectively. Female gender, decreased cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count and high adverse childhood experience (ACE), were significantly associated with current depressive episode, while poor social support, high ACE, physical abuse, contacting HIV infection after birth and disclosure of status, were associated with lifetime major depressive episode. Factors associated with suicidality were high ACE score, physical abuse, and emotional abuse. After logistic regression analysis; gender, high ACE and CD4 level were independently associated with current major depression, while only poor social support and contracting HIV infection after birth, were independently associated with lifetime major depression. There was a positive correlation between suicidality and depression. CONCLUSION The presence of high rate of depression and suicidality among adolescents living with HIV-infection in the current study clearly shows the need for regular psychological assessment in these group of adolescents, and thus a strong indication for a multidisciplinary management in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraju Adeyemo
- Synapse Services, Number 60 Babapomile Street, Onipetesi Estate, Mangoro, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Increase I. Adeosun
- grid.442581.e0000 0000 9641 9455Department of Medicine Benjamin Carson Snr. School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | | | - Abiodun Adewuya
- grid.411276.70000 0001 0725 8811Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Agatha Nkiru David
- grid.416197.c0000 0001 0247 1197Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Olurotimi Adejumo
- grid.412438.80000 0004 1764 5403University College Hospital Ibadan, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwatosin Oluwaseun Adeyemo
- grid.411276.70000 0001 0725 8811Department of Hematology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
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10
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Ayano G, Tsegay L, Solomon M. Food insecurity and the risk of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Res Ther 2020; 17:36. [PMID: 32571426 PMCID: PMC7310141 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-020-00291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between food insecurity and depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has been explored in numerous studies; however, the existing evidence is inconclusive due to inconsistent results. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between food insecurity and depression in PLWHA. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. A random-effect model was used for conducting the meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of publication bias by funnel plot and Egger's regression asymmetry test. RESULTS In this review, seven studies were included in the final analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that food insecurity significantly increased the risk of depression in PLWHA [RR 2.28 (95% CI 1.56-3.32)]. This association remained significant after adjusting for the confounding effects of drug use [RR 1.63 (95% CI 1.27-2.10)], social support [RR 2.21 (95% CI 1.18-4.16)] as well as ART drugs [RR 1.96 (95% CI 1.17-3.28)]. Our subgroup and sensitivity confirmed the robustness of the main analysis. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a significant association between food insecurity and increased risk of depression PLWHA. Therefore, early screening and management of food insecurity in PLWHA seem to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, PO BOX 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Light Tsegay
- College of Health Sciences, Axum University, Axum, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, PO BOX 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Suicidal ideation, psychopathology and associated factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:255. [PMID: 32448151 PMCID: PMC7245986 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior is a prevalent psychiatric emergency in HIV-infected adults. Detection of suicidal ideation is important in planning early psychiatric intervention and optimizing HIV/AIDS management. Characterization of suicidal ideation among HIV-infected adults is crucial; however, practically there is no data in Indonesia, the country with the second largest burden of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. This study aims to identify suicidal ideation and analyze the associated psychopathology and determining factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected adults aged 18-65 years old receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was performed to assess the existing psychopathology. Firth's penalized logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. RESULTS A total of 86 subjects were recruited. Most subjects were male (65.1%), median age was 35 years, and median latest CD4 count was 463 cells/μl. Lifetime suicidal ideation was identified in 20 subjects (23.3%). Mean SCL-90 T-score for depressive and anxiety symptoms were both significantly higher among subjects with suicidal ideation (M = 60.75, SD = 12.0, p = 0.000 and M = 57.9, SD = 2.8, p = 0.001, respectively) compared to those without. Bivariate analyses showed that lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, non-marital status, CD4 count < 500 cells/μl, and efavirenz use. Multivariate analysis identified that a single-point increase in SCL-90 depression symptoms score (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 4.5-123.6, p = 0.000) and efavirenz use (AOR 5.00, 95% CI 1.02-24.6, p = 0.048) were significant independent factors related to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation is commonly found among Indonesian HIV-infected adults on ART. Depressive symptoms and efavirenz use are independent factors related to the presence of suicidal ideation. Thus, early screening of psychopathology as well as substitution of efavirenz with other ART regiment are recommended to prevent suicide and improve HIV/AIDS management outcome.
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Bhadra NM, Hershow RB, Ha TV, Pence BW, Mai NVT, Go VF. Depression and coping strategies among Vietnamese women living with HIV: A qualitative study. Glob Public Health 2020; 15:1050-1061. [PMID: 32107973 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1731566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Women living with HIV (WLWH) are more likely to suffer from depression than seronegative women and are also more likely to suffer from depression than men living with HIV. There is limited depression research with WLWH in Vietnam. Twenty in-depth interviews with WLWH were conducted to identify pathways leading to depression and coping strategies for depression. Participants were recruited from an antiretroviral treatment clinic in northern Vietnam. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, translated, and analysed to identify key themes. All participants reported sudden loss of social support, debilitating depression, and suicidal ideation in the first six months after HIV diagnosis. While some were able to cope with their status after several months, others continued to struggle due to HIV-related stigma that was perceived as more isolating for WLWH than for men. Women who were able to effectively cope with depression found ways to re-establish connections to family and community. Interventions to improve mental wellbeing should link WLWH to mental health services immediately after diagnosis and address loss of support and stigma, as they contributed to the onset and persistence of depression after HIV diagnosis. Community-level HIV stigma reduction interventions may also help repair broken social bonds and foster new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia M Bhadra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca B Hershow
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian W Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Yousuf A, Mohd Arifin SR, Musa R, Md Isa ML. Depression and HIV Disease Progression: A Mini-Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2019; 15:153-159. [PMID: 32174997 PMCID: PMC7040472 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901915010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability, which commonly presents unexplained psychological and physical symptoms. Depression and HIV/AIDS are commonly comorbid. This review provides an insight into the effect of depression on disease progression among people living with HIV. Methods A search for relevant articles was conducted using a database like MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Peer-reviewed English journals published between 2015 and 2019 were included in the review. Results A total of eight studies conducted in different settings were included in the review. This review has found that psychosocial, neurohormonal and virologic factors associated with depression affect HIV disease progression. Yet, the chronicity of depression, absence of the hormones that have a buffer effect on depression and lack of examination if depression is a predictor, or an outcome of disease progression, were some of the gaps that require further investigation. Conclusion Considerably, more research is needed to better understand the effect of mental disorder, especially depression, on HIV disease progression to AIDS and future interventions should, therefore, concentrate on the integration of mental health screening in HIV clinical setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdilahi Yousuf
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jijiga University , Jijiga, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ramli Musa
- Department of psychiatric, Kulliyah of medicine, IIUM, Malaysia
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Heissel A, Zech P, Rapp MA, Schuch FB, Lawrence JB, Kangas M, Heinzel S. Effects of exercise on depression and anxiety in persons living with HIV: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2019; 126:109823. [PMID: 31518734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of exercise on depression and anxiety in people living with HIV (PLWH), and to evaluate, through subgroup analysis, the effects of exercise type, frequency, supervision by exercise professionals, study quality, and control group conditions on these outcomes. METHOD A literature search was conducted through four electronic databases from inception to February 2019. Considered for inclusion were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating exercise interventions and depression or anxiety as outcomes in people living with HIV (≥ 18 years of age). Ten studies were included (n = 479 participants, 49.67% females at baseline), and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and heterogeneity were calculated using random-effect models. An additional pre-post meta-analysis was also conducted. RESULTS A large effect in favor of exercise when compared to controls was found for depression (SMD = -0.84, 95%CI = [-1.57, -0.11], p = 0.02) and anxiety (SMD = -1.23, 95%CI = [-2.42, -0.04], p = 0.04). Subgroup analyses for depression revealed large effects on depression for aerobic exercise only (SMD = -0.96, 95%CI = [-1.63, -0.30], p = 0.004), a frequency of ≥3 exercise sessions per week (SMD = -1.39, 95%CI = [-2.24, -0.54], p < 0.001), professionally supervised exercise (SMD = -1.40, 95%CI = [-2.46, -0.17], p = 0.03]), and high-quality studies (SMD = -1.31, 95%CI = [-2.46, -0.17], p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Exercise seems to decrease depressive symptoms and anxiety in PLWH, but other larger and high-quality studies are needed to verify these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heissel
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Philipp Zech
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Departamento de métodos e técnicas desportivas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jimmy B Lawrence
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Kangas
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Oji VU, Hung LC, Abbasgholizadeh R, Terrell Hamilton F, Essien EJ, Nwulia E. Spiritual care may impact mental health and medication adherence in HIV+ populations. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2017; 9:101-109. [PMID: 28694708 PMCID: PMC5490435 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore a potential role for spirituality in medication-related needs assessment for integrated care in chronically ill populations. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the impact of faith beliefs on health and/or medication adherence in individuals with depression and/or HIV+/AIDS. Retrospective electronic medical record review of adult HIV+ patients of an urban primary care clinic with integrated mental health services was conducted, with Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Symptoms Screener (SAMISS), major depressive disorder (MDD) incidence over the preceding year, and history of contact with a spiritual advisor. A convenience sample was interviewed to qualitatively assess potential medication therapy management needs and medication-related problems. Another sample was examined utilizing the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale. RESULTS The literature reports positive influence on health behaviors, coping and outcomes; and poor medication adherence and treatment decisions due to patient passivity or resistance. Spiritual advisor contact (not limited to a specific religion) was significantly associated with MDD absence (1.7% vs. 15.3%, P<0.005) and inversely related to SAMISS, depression, and poor health behaviors. Patient interviews reflected significance of faith in terms of insight and acceptance of illness, the role or need for medications, coping, and medication adherence. An illustrative model was designed based on the literature and data collection. CONCLUSION Spiritual assessment may help identify positive or negative influence on health. Spiritual interventions could be beneficial in promoting adherence and positive health outcomes. Further research is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie U Oji
- Lifefountain Center Ministries Inc, Houston, TX, USA.,Feik School of Pharmacy, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA.,University of Texas, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Leslie C Hung
- University of Texas, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Reza Abbasgholizadeh
- Lifefountain Center Ministries Inc, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - E James Essien
- University of Houston Institute for Community Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evaristus Nwulia
- Psychiatry, Howard University Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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