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Moreno-Montañés J, Gándara E, Moreno-Galarraga L, Hershey MS, López-Gil JF, Kales S, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MÁ, Fernandez-Montero A. ACE-Vitamin Index and Risk of Glaucoma: The SUN Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235129. [PMID: 36501162 PMCID: PMC9735492 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies regarding antioxidant consumption and glaucoma have shown contradictory results. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of the consumption of three vitamins (A, C and E) on the incidence of glaucoma in the SUN Project. METHODS For this study, 18,669 participants were included. The mean follow-up was 11.5 years. An index including vitamins A, C and E (ACE-Vitamin Index) was calculated. Vitamin intake was extracted from participants' dietary data and vitamin supplements, if taken. Information on glaucoma incidence was collected by previously validated self-reported questionnaires. The association between glaucoma and vitamin intake was assessed by repeated-measures Cox regression using multi-adjusted hazard ratios. RESULTS A total of 251 (1.3%) cases of glaucoma were detected. Participants with a higher ACE-Vitamin Index presented a reduced risk of glaucoma compared to participants with lower consumption (adjusted HR = 0.73; 95% CI, (0.55-0.98)). When each vitamin was analyzed individually, none of them had a significant protective effect. The protective effect of the ACE-Vitamin Index was higher in men and older participants (≥55 year). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of vitamins A, C and E considered separately do not seem to exert a protective effect against glaucoma, but when these vitamins are considered together, they are associated with a lower risk of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moreno-Montañés
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elsa Gándara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno-Galarraga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria S. Hershey
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Stefanos Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Occupational Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER Obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER Obn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alejandro Fernandez-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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