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da Silva GB, de Carvalho Braga G, Simões JLB, Kempka AP, Bagatini MD. Cytokine storm in human monkeypox: A possible involvement of purinergic signaling. Cytokine 2024; 177:156560. [PMID: 38447385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Some evidence has indicated that monkeypox can induce a cytokine storm. Purinergic signaling is a cell pathway related to the cytokine storm. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to cytokine storms in monkeypox infections and the possible involvement of purinergic signaling in the immune response to this virus remain unknown. In this review article, we aimed to highlight a body of scientific evidence that consolidates the role of the cytokine storm in monkeypox infection and proposes a new hypothesis regarding the roles of purinergic signaling in this immune-mediated mechanism. We further suggested some purinergic signaling modulators to mitigate the deleterious and aggravating effects of immune dysregulation in human monkeypox virus infection by inhibiting P2X3, P2X7, P2Y2, and P2Y12, reducing inflammation, and activating A1 and A2A receptors to promote an anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Aniela Pinto Kempka
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Shafaghat Z, Ghomi AHK, Khorramdelazad H, Safari E. Purinergic signaling: decoding its role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and promising treatment strategies. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3005-3020. [PMID: 37805959 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), is complex and involves dysregulated immune responses, inflammation, and coagulopathy. Purinergic signaling, mediated by extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides, has emerged as a significant player in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), released from damaged or infected cells, is a danger signal triggering immune responses. It activates immune cells, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 cases. ATP also promotes platelet activation and thrombus formation, contributing to the hypercoagulability seen in COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, adenosine, an immunosuppressive nucleoside, can impair anti-viral immune responses and promote tissue damage through its anti-inflammatory effects. Modulating purinergic receptors represents a promising therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Understanding the role of purinergic signaling in COVID-19 pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic approaches can potentially improve patient outcomes. This review focuses on the part of purinergic signaling in COVID-19 pathogenesis and highlights potential therapeutic approaches targeting purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shafaghat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Suwara J, Radzikowska-Cieciura E, Chworos A, Pawlowska R. The ATP-dependent Pathways and Human Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1232-1255. [PMID: 35319356 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220322104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the most important molecules of life, present both inside the cells and extracellularly. It is an essential building block for nucleic acids biosynthesis and crucial intracellular energy storage. However, one of the most interesting functions of ATP is the role of a signaling molecule. Numerous studies indicate the involvement of ATP-dependent pathways in maintaining the proper functioning of individual tissues and organs. Herein, the latest data indicating the ATP function in the network of intra- and extracellular signaling pathways including purinergic signaling, MAP kinase pathway, mTOR and calcium signaling are collected. The main ATP-dependent processes maintaining the proper functioning of the nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems, as well as skin and bones, are summarized. The disturbances in the ATP amount, its cellular localization, or interaction with target elements may induce pathological changes in signaling pathways leading to the development of serious diseases. The impact of an ATP imbalance on the development of dangerous health dysfunctions such as neurodegeneration diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancers and immune pathogenesis are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Suwara
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Radzikowska-Cieciura
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Roza Pawlowska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
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Ferrari D, Rubini M, Burns JS. The Potential of Purinergic Signaling to Thwart Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904419. [PMID: 35784277 PMCID: PMC9248768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-shared evolutionary history is congruent with the multiple roles played by purinergic signaling in viral infection, replication and host responses that can assist or hinder viral functions. An overview of the involvement of purinergic signaling among a range of viruses is compared and contrasted with what is currently understood for SARS-CoV-2. In particular, we focus on the inflammatory and antiviral responses of infected cells mediated by purinergic receptor activation. Although there is considerable variation in a patient's response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, a principle immediate concern in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the possibility of an aberrant inflammatory activation causing diffuse lung oedema and respiratory failure. We discuss the most promising potential interventions modulating purinergic signaling that may attenuate the more serious repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection and aspects of their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Rubini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jorge S. Burns
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Stovbun SV, Kalinina TS, Zlenko DV, Kiselev AV, Litvin AA, Bukhvostov AA, Usachev SV, Kuznetsov DA. Antiviral potential of plant polysaccharide nanoparticles actuating non-specific immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:743-749. [PMID: 33831450 PMCID: PMC8020621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-end targeted drugs and vaccines against modern pandemic infections, such as COVID-19, can take a too long time that lets the epidemic spin up and harms society. However, the countermeasures must be applied against the infection in this period until the targeted drugs became available. In this regard, the non-specific, broad-spectrum anti-viral means could be considered as a compromise allowing overcoming the period of trial. One way to enhance the ability to resist the infection is to activate the nonspecific immunity using a suitable driving-up agent, such as plant polysaccharides, particularly our drug Panavir isolated from the potato shoots. Earlier, we have shown the noticeable anti-viral and anti-bacterial activity of Panavir. Here we demonstrate the pro-inflammation activity of Panavir, which four-to-eight times intensified the ATP and MIF secretion by HL-60 cells. This effect was mediated by the active phagocytosis of the Panavir particles by the cells. We hypothesized the physiological basis of the Panavir proinflammatory activity is mediated by the indol-containing compounds (auxins) present in Panavir and acting as a plant analog of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Stovbun
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Kalinina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zlenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksei V Kiselev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Litvin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine FMBA, Russia
| | | | - Sergey V Usachev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Kuznetsov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; N.I. Pirogov Russian, National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Manzoor S, Akhtar U, Naseem S, Khalid M, Mazhar M, Parvaiz F, Khaliq S. Ionotropic Purinergic Receptors P2X4 and P2X7: Proviral or Antiviral? An Insight into P2X Receptor Signaling and Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:401-8. [PMID: 27526181 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic P2X receptors are plasma membrane bound, ATP-gated ion channels that are expressed on wide range of cells and respond to varying ATP concentrations in extracellular environment. Upon activation they increase membrane permeability for Ca(2+) ions and trigger a cascade of signaling complexes. During the course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, ATP is released from the infected hepatocyte, which binds with Purinergic receptors (P2X) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and initiate downstream signaling pathways by disturbing the ionic balance of the cell. The present study investigates quantitative expression of P2X7 and P2X4 along with selected host genes PEPCK, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), MAPK, Rho, and Akt in PBMCs of chronic HCV infection patients. PBMCs were isolated from collected blood samples of study subjects. Transcript analysis of P2X7, P2X4, and targeted downstream genes was done using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Relative expression analysis was performed by unpaired Student's t test on GraphPad Prism version 5. We found a notable increase of threefolds and 1.8-folds in the expression of P2X7 and P2X4 receptors in treatment naïve category while the expression of PEPCK, TGF-β, MAPK, AKT, and Rho A increased by 2.8, 1.9, 2.2, 2.2, and 1.8-folds, respectively. In sustained virological response patients, P2X7 significantly increased up to 3.5-folds while the expression of P2X4 receptor was increased up to twofold. In third category, treatment nonresponder, the expression of P2X7, P2X4 receptors, and targeted markers remained un-altered. This study deals with two major aspects of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in PBMCs of chronic HCV individuals. One is their role in providing antiviral immunity to host against HCV; second aspect is the role of P2X receptors in inducing HCV pathogenesis via AKT, TGF-β, Rho A, PEPCK, and MAPK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Manzoor
- 1 Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umair Akhtar
- 1 Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Naseem
- 1 Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Khalid
- 1 Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Misha Mazhar
- 1 Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahed Parvaiz
- 2 Department of Bio-Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Khaliq
- 3 University of Health Sciences , Lahore, Pakistan
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