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Liu Q, Shao L, Liu Z, Chen Y, Dai G, Ying J. Nitric acid oxidation and urea modification of carbon fibres as biofilm carriers. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3600-3611. [PMID: 37260168 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2220890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fibres (CF) are commonly used as carriers in biofilm-based wastewater treatment. The surface properties of the CF are herein modified using a combination of nitric acid oxidation and urea to optimise the carrier to immobilise bacterial cells. The capacity of the CF carriers to immobilise bacterial cells and activated sludge is evaluated using bacterial cell adhesion and sludge immobilisation tests. The total interaction energy profiles between the CF supports and bacterial cells were calculated according to the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory to explain the mechanism by which these modifications enhance this immobilisation capacity. CF-U has a high capacity for immobilising bacterial cells and activated sludge (3.7 g-sludge/g-CF supports) owing to its low total interaction energy. Nitric acid oxidation reduced the diiodomethane contact angle of CF from 55.1° to 38.5°, which reduced the Lifshitz-van der Waals interaction energy, while urea modification further increased the zeta potential of CF from 12.8 mV to -0.7 mV, thereby reducing the electrostatic interaction energy. Experiments and DLVO theory both determined that a combination of nitric acid oxidation and urea modification significantly enhanced the ability of CF to immobilise microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Liu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cutting Tools, Taizhou University, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangze Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialei Ying
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
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Order-of-magnitude enhancement in photocurrent generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by outer membrane deprivation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3067. [PMID: 35654796 PMCID: PMC9163127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophotovoltaics (BPV) generates electricity from reducing equivalent(s) produced by photosynthetic organisms by exploiting a phenomenon called extracellular electron transfer (EET), where reducing equivalent(s) is transferred to external electron acceptors. Although cyanobacteria have been extensively studied for BPV because of their high photosynthetic activity and ease of handling, their low EET activity poses a limitation. Here, we show an order-of-magnitude enhancement in photocurrent generation of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by deprivation of the outer membrane, where electrons are suggested to stem from pathway(s) downstream of photosystem I. A marked enhancement of EET activity itself is verified by rapid reduction of exogenous electron acceptor, ferricyanide. The extracellular organic substances, including reducing equivalent(s), produced by this cyanobacterium serve as respiratory substrates for other heterotrophic bacteria. These findings demonstrate that the outer membrane is a barrier that limits EET. Therefore, depriving this membrane is an effective approach to exploit the cyanobacterial reducing equivalent(s). The low extracellular electron transfer activity hampers the application of cyanobacteria in biophotovoltaics. Here, the authors report an order-of-magnitude enhancement in photocurrent generation of the cyanobacterium by deprivation of the outer cell membrane.
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Electrospun nanofibers enhance trehalose synthesis by regulating gene expression for Micrococcus luteus fermentation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111714. [PMID: 33765627 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, mesoporous polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blended nanofibers were prepared to immobilize Micrococcus luteus for enhancing the conversion of trehalose. The images of SEM showed the cells were adsorbed on the surface and pores due to the unique pore structure. The results of contact angle, Zeta potential and water holding ratio exhibited the good hydrophilicity and stability of PAN/TPU-P2. Besides, it was indicated that the biomass and immobilization efficiency were increased to 0.633 g/L and 0.153 g/g, respectively. It was the most noteworthy that the trehalose yield could reach 23.46 g/L, which was 71.62 % higher than that of the control in the multi-batch fermentation. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was decreased to 12.8 % while the enzyme concentration was increased to 11.176 mg/mL. Meanwhile, it was also found that PAN/TPU-P2 immobilization substantially increased the expression of target gene MtreY by 3.500 times. In other words, the mechanism by which immobilized cells increased trehalose yield was that PAN/TPU-P regulated gene expression of MtreY. Therefore, this research provided theoretical foundation for the metabolic regulation of sufficient trehalose production by immobilized cells.
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Sun MT, Zhao YZ, Yang ZM, Shi XS, Wang L, Dai M, Wang F, Guo RB. Methane Elimination Using Biofiltration Packed With Fly Ash Ceramsite as Support Material. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:351. [PMID: 32391347 PMCID: PMC7188830 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane is a greenhouse gas and significantly contributes to global warming. Methane biofiltration with immobilized methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) is an efficient and eco-friendly approach for methane elimination. To achieve high methane elimination capacity (EC), it is necessary to use an exceptional support material to immobilize MOB. The MOB consortium was inoculated in biofilters to continuusly eliminate 1% (v/v) of methane. Results showed that the immobilized MOB cells outperformed than the suspended MOB cells. The biofilter packed with fly ash ceramsite (FAC) held the highest average methane EC of 4.628 g h–1 m–3, which was 33.4% higher than that of the biofilter with the suspended MOB cells. The qPCR revealed that FAC surface presented the highest pmoA gene abundance, which inferred that FAC surface immobilized the most MOB biomass. The XPS and contact angle measurement indicated that the desirable surface elemental composition and stronger surface hydrophilicity of FAC might favor MOB immobilization and accordingly improve methane elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Sun
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhao
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Man Yang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Shi
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong-Bo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, China
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Liu Q, Zhang C, Bao Y, Dai G. Optimizing carbon fibre supports for bioreactors by nitric acid oxidation and calcium ion coverage according to extended DLVO theory. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:86-99. [PMID: 29927352 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1491636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing supports for microorganisms is required for bioreactors. Carbon fibres (CF) were employed as supports for microorganisms. To optimize CF supports for immobilizing bacterial cells, we used methods of nitric acid oxidation and calcium ion coverage. We evaluated the capacity of these CF supports (untreated CF, nitric acid oxidation CF and Ca2+-covered CF) via bacterial cell adhesion tests, based on extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. The results implied that because of the high hamaker constants, oxidized CF supports had higher capacity in this regard than untreated CF supports. However, the growing oxygen groups increased the negative zeta potential of CF supports, thus likely to reduce their capacity, in accordance with XDLVO theory. Since the Ca2+ coverage could decrease the negative zeta potentials of CF without reducing the hamaker constants, it could enhance the capacity of oxidized CF supports. We concluded that a combination of nitric acid oxidation and Ca2+ coverage could increase the capacity of CF supports to immobilize bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Bao
- Aerospace Composites Research Institute, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangze Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Xu PL, Wei T, Yue HY, Wen YC, Wei Y, Guo TJ, Li SJ, Li W, Wang XQ. Effect of different nitric acid concentrations on manganese/activated carbon-modified catalysts for the catalytic ozonation of toluene. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01100b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of nitric acid modification on activated carbon (AC) and on properties of Mn/AC ozone catalysts was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-lun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Tong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Huan-yu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yu-ce Wen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Tian-jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Su-jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus)
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiang-qian Wang
- Technology Innovation and Training Center
- Polytechnic Institute
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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Immobilization of Enterobacter aerogenes on carbon fiber and activated carbon to study hydrogen production enhancement. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sun MT, Yang ZM, Fan XL, Wang F, Guo RB, Xu DY. Improved methane elimination by methane-oxidizing bacteria immobilized on modified oil shale semicoke. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:915-923. [PMID: 30481718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methane is a greenhouse gas with significant global warming potential. The methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) immobilized on biocarrier could perform effectively and environmentally in methane elimination. To further improve the efficiencies of MOB immobilization and methane elimination, the surface biocompatibility of biocarrier needs to be improved. In this work, the oil shale semicoke (SC) was chemically modified by sodium p-styrenesulfonate hydrate (SS) and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DMC) to promote surface hydrophilicity and positive charge, respectively. Results revealed that, under methane concentrations of ~10% (v/v) and ~0.5% (v/v), the MOB immobilized on semicoke modified with 1.0 mol L-1 of SS permitted improved methane elimination capacities (ECs), which were 15.02% and 11.11% higher than that on SC, respectively. Additionally, under methane concentrations of ~10% (v/v) and ~0.5% (v/v), the MOB immobilized on semicoke modified with 0.4 mol L-1 of DMC held superior ECs, which were 17.88% and 11.29% higher than that on SC, respectively. The qPCR analysis indicated that the MOB abundance on modified semicoke were higher than that on SC. In consequence, the surface biocompatibility of semicoke could be promoted by SS and DMC modifications, which potentially provided methods for other biocarriers to improve surface biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Sun
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhi-Man Yang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China.
| | - Rong-Bo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China; Faculty of Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Dong-Yan Xu
- Faculty of Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
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Liu Q, Dai G, Bao Y. Carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber hybrid material: a super support material for sludge biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2105-2116. [PMID: 28678624 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1351490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber (CF) is widely used as a sludge biofilm support material for wastewater treatment. Carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber (CNTs/CF) hybrid material was prepared by ultrasonically assisted electrophoretic deposition (EPD). CF supports (CF without handling, CF oxidized by nitric acid, CNTs/CF hybrid material) were evaluated by sludge immobilization tests, bacterial cell adsorption tests and Derjaguin -Landau -Verwey -Overbeek (DLVO) theory. We found that the CNTs/CF hybrid material has a high capacity for adsorbing activated sludge, nitrifying bacterial sludge and pure strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). CNTs deposited on CF surface easily wound around the curved surface of bacterial cell which resulted in capturing more bacterial cells. DLVO theory indicated the lowest total interaction energy of CNTs/CF hybrid material, which resulted in the highest bacteria cell adsorption velocity. Experiments and DLVO theory results proved that CNTs/CF hybrid material is a super support material for sludge biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Liu
- a School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangze Dai
- a School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Bao
- b Aerospace Composites Research Institute , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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Di J, Wang M. Experimental study on treating agate dyeing wastewater with sulfate-reducing bacteria strengthening peanut shells and scrap iron. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:939-952. [PMID: 28799940 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To solve the problems of high concentrations of Cr6+, SO42- and H+ in agate dyeing industrial wastewater and heavy pollution and high treating cost, single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the optimum particle size, the ratio of adsorbents dosing and hydraulic retention time based on peanut shells and scrap iron. Experiments, using five dynamic columns filled with the peanut shells, scrap iron and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), were also conducted to determine the effect and mechanism of treating the wastewater. The results show that the best treatment effect was obtained when the diameter of peanut shells was 3 mesh, scrap iron being 60 mesh size, scrap iron and peanut shells with a ratio of 1:2, and hydraulic retention time being 24 h. By the comprehensive comparison of five groups of columns, the treating effect of column 4 was best, in which the removal rate of SO42- and Cr6+ was 30.17% and 88.36% respectively before adding the microorganisms, and 25.34% and 99.31% respectively after adding the microorganisms. The average of chemical oxygen demand (COD) release quantity was 62.11 and 513.75 mg·L-1, and the average effluent pH was 7.09 and 7.93 before and after addition of microorganisms respectively. In conclusion, peanut shells, scrap iron and SRB had a certain synergistic effect on treating agate dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhen Di
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China E-mail:
| | - Mingxin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China E-mail:
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Wang L, Liu N, Guo Z, Wu D, Chen W, Chang Z, Yuan Q, Hui M, Wang J. Nitric Acid-Treated Carbon Fibers with Enhanced Hydrophilicity for Candida tropicalis Immobilization in Xylitol Fermentation. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030206. [PMID: 28773330 PMCID: PMC5456695 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric acid (HNO3)-treated carbon fiber (CF) rich in hydrophilic groups was applied as a cell-immobilized carrier for xylitol fermentation. Using scanning electron microscopy, we characterized the morphology of the HNO3-treated CF. Additionally, we evaluated the immobilized efficiency (IE) of Candida tropicalis and xylitol fermentation yield by investigating the surface properties of nitric acid treated CF, specifically, the acidic group content, zero charge point, degree of moisture and contact angle. We found that adhesion is the major mechanism for cell immobilization and that it is greatly affected by the hydrophilic–hydrophilic surface properties. In our experiments, we found 3 hto be the optimal time for treating CF with nitric acid, resulting in an improved IE of Candida tropicalis of 0.98 g∙g−1 and the highest xylitol yield and volumetric productivity (70.13% and 1.22 g∙L−1∙h−1, respectively). The HNO3-treated CF represents a promising method for preparing biocompatible biocarriers for multi-batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Na Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- College of Textile, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Dapeng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453001, China.
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ming Hui
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jinshui Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Liu F, Su R. Advanced Methods and Technology in Biomedicine and Biology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2013. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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