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Al Sheikh MH. The Determinants of Leptin Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Saudi Males. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:3506871. [PMID: 28348585 PMCID: PMC5350535 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3506871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to identify the main determinants of serum leptin levels. Methods. A sample of 113 Saudi adult males (55 diabetic and 58 nondiabetic) was selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria identified below. Blood samples were taken from participants after fasting for 12 hours. For diabetic patients, the insulin dose was given 12 hours before. In general, the study instrument consisted of blood biochemical tests. Metabolic parameters, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG), and adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin, were measured. Multivariate model was utilized to identify the relationship between leptin levels and the independent variables. Results. When adjusted for resistin in the diabetic group, the results demonstrated a significant relationship between visfatin, LDL and TG, and leptin levels (p < 0.05). However, when controlled for resistin, the effect of LDL and TG disappeared while that of visfatin stayed in the model. For the nondiabetic group, the results indicated a significant relationship between insulin, BMI, and leptin levels when adjusted for resistin (p < 0.05). However, the effect of insulin disappeared when the model was controlled for resistin. The study results found no relationship between leptin and adiponectin levels in either the diabetic or nondiabetic group and whether adjusted or controlled for resistin. Conclusion. This study provided better understanding of the metabolism of leptin and unveiled the major determinants of leptin levels in diabetic and nondiabetic males. In conclusion, these results show that the association between leptin and metabolic parameters decreases with the progress of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hmoud Al Sheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Li Y, Ding L, Hassan W, Abdelkader D, Shang J. Adipokines and hepatic insulin resistance. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:170532. [PMID: 23762871 PMCID: PMC3670576 DOI: 10.1155/2013/170532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue is now considered to be an active endocrine organ that secretes various adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Recent studies have shown that these factors might provide a molecular link between increased adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity. Since hepatic insulin resistance plays the key role in the whole body insulin resistance, clarification of the regulatory processes about hepatic insulin resistance by adipokines in rodents and human would seem essential in order to understand the mechanism of type 2 diabetes and for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Lin Ding
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Daoud Abdelkader
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Jing Shang
- National Center for Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
- *Jing Shang:
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Martins MDC, Lima Faleiro L, Fonseca A. Relationship between leptin and body mass and metabolic syndrome in an adult population. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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[Relationship between leptin and body mass and metabolic syndrome in an adult population]. Rev Port Cardiol 2012; 31:711-9. [PMID: 23040870 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between leptin and obesity expressed as body mass index (BMI) and certain components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in an adult population. METHODS The study included 103 subjects, 42 men and 61 women, aged over 30 years, clinically defined as non-diabetic but with personal or family history of cardiovascular disease. All subjects underwent fasting blood measurements of leptin, insulin, glucose, glucose after ingestion of 75g glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and insulin resistance (IR) and BMI were calculated. RESULTS BMI as an index of overall adiposity was strongly associated with serum leptin. BMI rose as serum leptin levels increased from the first to the third tertile; the correlation between leptin and BMI was strong, r=0.524 in men and r=0.603 in women, with high statistical significance (p<0.001); BMI was the best predictor of hyperleptinemia on ROC analysis, with area under the curve (AUC)=0.81 in men and 0.84 in women. The association between leptin and obesity (BMI ≥30kg/m(2)) showed high odds ratios (OR) in both sexes (10.11 in men, 6.00 in women) on univariate regression analysis and 9.30 in men and 8.21 in women on multivariate regression analysis. Hyperinsulinemia and IR strongly influenced hyperleptinemia. Leptin was the best predictor of IR in both sexes (AUC=0.89 in men and 0.85 in women), and IR in men (AUC=0.79) and hyperinsulinemia in women (AUC=0.78) were the best predictors of hyperleptinemia after BMI. The correlations between leptin and IR, and leptin and insulinemia, were strong in both sexes. With regard to MS components, increased serum levels of the study variables were observed as leptin concentrations rose from the first to the third tertile (with the exception of HDL cholesterol, which decreased). CONCLUSION Elevated serum leptin, particularly in obese individuals, should be taken as a warning sign of energy imbalance, poor diet, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, or changes in other metabolic risk factors that are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
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De Angelis K, Senador DD, Mostarda C, Irigoyen MC, Morris M. Sympathetic overactivity precedes metabolic dysfunction in a fructose model of glucose intolerance in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R950-7. [PMID: 22319048 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00450.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of high levels of fructose in humans and animals leads to metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction. There are questions as to the role of the autonomic changes in the time course of fructose-induced dysfunction. C57/BL male mice were given tap water or fructose water (100 g/l) to drink for up to 2 mo. Groups were control (C), 15-day fructose (F15), and 60-day fructose (F60). Light-dark patterns of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR), and their respective variabilities were measured. Plasma glucose, lipids, insulin, leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and glucose tolerance were quantified. Fructose increased systolic AP (SAP) at 15 and 60 days during both light (F15: 123 ± 2 and F60: 118 ± 2 mmHg) and dark periods (F15: 136 ± 4 and F60: 136 ± 5 mmHg) compared with controls (light: 111 ± 2 and dark: 117 ± 2 mmHg). SAP variance (VAR) and the low-frequency component (LF) were increased in F15 (>60% and >80%) and F60 (>170% and >140%) compared with C. Cardiac sympatho-vagal balance was enhanced, while baroreflex function was attenuated in fructose groups. Metabolic parameters were unchanged in F15. However, F60 showed significant increases in plasma glucose (26%), cholesterol (44%), triglycerides (22%), insulin (95%), and leptin (63%), as well as glucose intolerance. LF of SAP was positively correlated with SAP. Plasma leptin was correlated with triglycerides, insulin, and glucose tolerance. Results show that increased sympathetic modulation of vessels and heart preceded metabolic dysfunction in fructose-consuming mice. Data suggest that changes in autonomic modulation may be an initiating mechanism underlying the cluster of symptoms associated with cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abdullah A, Hasan H, Raigangar V, Bani-Issa W. C-Peptide versus insulin: relationships with risk biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome in young arab females. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:420792. [PMID: 22899917 PMCID: PMC3415197 DOI: 10.1155/2012/420792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity is a major health concern and is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since little is known about the relationships between MetS components and CVD in overweight/obese young Arab females, our study aimed at examining these relationships and further to explore the associations between connecting peptide (C-peptide) and insulin with these biomarkers. Subjects and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 80 apparently healthy young Arab females were recruited and grouped by their body mass index (BMI) into normal-weight (GI) and overweight/obese (GII) groups. Results. The two groups significantly differed in BMI, waist circumference (WC) and values of biomarkers, namely, leptin, fasting insulin, uric acid (UA), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). C-peptide significantly correlated with WC, leptin, UA, and HDL-C and was predicted by three biomarkers; UA, WC and HDL-C. Whereas, insulin significantly correlated with only two biomarkers including leptin and DBP and was predicted by UA and DBP. Conclusions. The present study highlighted the association between MetS and CVD in young Arab females and the possible role of C-peptide in the prediction of CVD.
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Ju A, Cheon YH, Lee KS, Lee SS, Lee WY, Won WY, Park SI, Kim WH, Kim DJ. The Change of Plasma Ghrelin and Leptin Levels by the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:905-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abdullah AR, Hasan HA, Raigangar VL. Analysis of the relationship of leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, insulin, and uric acid to metabolic syndrome in lean, overweight, and obese young females. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 7:17-22. [PMID: 19025443 DOI: 10.1089/met.2008.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the last decade there has been a steady rise in obesity and co-morbidity, but little is known about the rate of metabolic dysfunction among young adults in the United Arab Emirates. Various factors have been implicated as biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships of leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, insulin, and uric acid to the metabolic syndrome components in lean, overweight, and obese young females. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 69 apparently healthy young females, who were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) into three groups: lean (<or=25), overweight (>25 and <30), and obese (>or=30). Estimated biomarkers were: leptin, insulin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity [hs]-CRP, uric acid, blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also measured. RESULTS Serum leptin, hs-CRP, insulin, and uric acid increased significantly (p < 0.01) with increased BMI. Only one significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the biomarkers and the metabolic syndrome components was found in lean subjects (leptin vs. waist circumference r = 0.48) as opposed to six in the obese group (hs-CRP vs. waist circumference and systolic blood pressure [SBP], r = 0.45 and r = -0.41, respectively; insulin vs. diastolic blood pressure [DBP], r = 0.47; adiponectin vs. blood sugar, r = -0.44; and uric acid vs. waist circumference and TG, r = 0.5 and r = 0.51, respectively). CONCLUSION Estimation of the levels of studied biomarkers could be an important tool for early detection of metabolic syndrome before the appearance of its frank components. Uric acid seems to be the most reliable biomarker to identify obese subjects with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ridha Abdullah
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Interrelations of serum leptin levels with adrenocorticotropic hormone, basal cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Van Weyenberg S, Hesta M, Buyse J, Janssens GPJ. The effect of weight loss by energy restriction on metabolic profile and glucose tolerance in ponies. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008; 92:538-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kapsimalis F, Varouchakis G, Manousaki A, Daskas S, Nikita D, Kryger M, Gourgoulianis K. Association of sleep apnea severity and obesity with insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and leptin levels in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Lung 2008; 186:209-217. [PMID: 18365276 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-008-9082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the major confounding factor in the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of sleep apnea severity with insulin resistance, leptin, and CRP levels in a cohort of male patients. Sixty-seven men referred to our sleep laboratory for evaluation of suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were divided into three groups according to apnea severity: non-OSAS group (n=15), mild to moderate OSAS group (n=26), and severe OSAS (n=26). Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment method. HOMA values were similar in the three groups: (3.2+/-2.2 vs. 3.3+/-1.8 vs. 3.6+/-1.5, respectively, p=0.71). Leptin levels were higher in the mild to moderate OSAS group (23.1+/-21.8 ng/ml, p<0.05) and in the severe OSAS group (20.2+/-17.5 ng/ml, p<0.05) than in the non-OSAS group (9.4+/-6.4 ng/ml). CRP levels were significantly higher in severe sleep apnea (0.35+/-0.3 vs. 0.19+/-0.1 mg/dl, p<0.05). In multiple regression analyses, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was the most significant determinant of HOMA estimation for insulin resistance. WHR and the percentage of total sleep time spent with hypoxemia (%TST with SaO2 <90%) were significant predictors for leptin levels, while body mass index (BMI) and the %TST with SaO2 <90% were the best predicting parameters for CRP levels. Insulin resistance estimated by the HOMA method in male patients with OSAS was not associated with sleep apnea severity independent of obesity. The severity of nocturnal hypoxemia was associated with leptin and CRP levels independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Kapsimalis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sleep Laboratory, Henry Dunant Hospital, 107 Mesogeion Avenue, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Varouchakis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sleep Laboratory, Henry Dunant Hospital, 107 Mesogeion Avenue, Athens, Greece
| | - Asimina Manousaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Daskas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Nikita
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Henry Dunant Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Meir Kryger
- Sleep Medicine, Research and Education, Gaylord Hospital, Wallingford, Connecticut, 06492, USA
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Demirel F, Bideci A, Cinaz P, Camurdan MO, Biberoğlu G, Yesilkaya E, Hasanoğlu A. Serum leptin, oxidized low density lipoprotein and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and their relationship with dyslipidaemia in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 67:129-34. [PMID: 17465999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate serum leptin, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels and their interaction with dyslipidaemia in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PATIENTS AND DESIGN The study group consisted of 23 obese (obPCOS) and 21 nonobese girls with PCOS (nPCOS), and 31 lean healthy controls. PCOS was defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria as the presence of chronic oligoanovulation and hyperandrogenism. Fasting leptin, ox-LDL, ADMA and detailed lipid-lipoprotein profile were determined. Atherogenic index (AI) was calculated as [Total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol]. Logarithmic transformations were made for ox-LDL. RESULTS Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein A levels and AI were higher and apolipoprotein AI was lower in obPCOS compared to those in controls (P < 0.05). LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein A levels were higher in nPCOS compared to controls (P < 0.05). ADMA and ox-LDL levels did not differ in the three groups. Leptin was significantly higher in obPCOS compared with that in the other two groups (P < 0.001) and it was correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.62), VLDL cholesterol (r = 0.45), lipoprotein A (r = 0.38) and AI (r = 0.43) in the PCOS group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ADMA and ox-LDL levels in adolescent PCOS subjects were not different than those in controls. Abnormal lipid profile was shown in obese and nonobese girls with PCOS and leptin was related with these lipid abnormalities in the PCOS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demirel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gazi University, Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
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