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Echavarria R, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Ortiz-Lazareno P, Andrade-Sierra J, Gómez-Hermosillo LF, Casillas-Moreno J, Campos-Bayardo TI, Román-Rojas D, García-Sánchez A, Miranda-Díaz AG. The Role of the Oxidative State and Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR7 and TLR9 in Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15234. [PMID: 37894915 PMCID: PMC10607473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is considered one of the leading causes of mortality. Multiple immunological pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, which makes it imperative to deepen our knowledge about this disease's immune-pathological complexity and explore new therapeutic targets. Since an altered redox state contributes to immune system dysregulation, this document briefly addresses the roles of oxidative stress (OS), oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial function, and mitophagy in SLE and LN. Although adaptive immunity's participation in the development of autoimmunity is undeniable, increasing data emphasize the importance of innate immunity elements, particularly the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize nucleic acid ligands, in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the intriguing roles of TLR7 and TLR9 in developing SLE and LN. Also included are the essential characteristics of conventional treatments and some other novel and little-explored alternatives that offer options to improve renal function in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Echavarria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (R.E.); (P.O.-L.)
- Investigadores por México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Pablo Ortiz-Lazareno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (R.E.); (P.O.-L.)
| | - Jorge Andrade-Sierra
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Luis Francisco Gómez-Hermosillo
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Jorge Casillas-Moreno
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Tannia Isabel Campos-Bayardo
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Daniel Román-Rojas
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Andrés García-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.G.C.-M.); (J.A.-S.); (L.F.G.-H.); (J.C.-M.); (T.I.C.-B.); (D.R.-R.); (A.G.-S.)
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Yavuz A, Gok H, Yangi K, Celik SE, Percinoglu G, Goksu K. High-Frequency Bipolar Coagulation Limits Epidural Fibrosis in Lumbar Microdiscectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e45077. [PMID: 37705564 PMCID: PMC10495867 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We propose a vast study to examine the effect of high-frequency bipolar coagulation used in the operating room to prevent the development of epidural fibrosis after lumbar microdiscectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1004 participants were divided into two groups: no high-frequency bipolar coagulation (NC group) and high-frequency bipolar coagulation (C group). Postoperative epidural fibrosis, infection rates, reoperation status, and dural injury complications during the operation were recorded. RESULTS Considering the epidural fibrosis rates of the two groups, epidural fibrosis was seen in 10.6% of the patients in the NC group. In contrast, it was seen in only 6.2% of the patients in the C group. CONCLUSION The complication of epidural fibrosis that develops after lumbar microsurgery operations both impairs patient comfort and brings with it the complications of reoperation. After performing hemostasis with bipolar, coagulating the annulus may effectively reduce epidural fibrosis and prevent reoperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yavuz
- Neurosurgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Haydar Gok
- Neurological Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Kivanc Yangi
- Neurological Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Suat Erol Celik
- Neurological Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Gokhan Percinoglu
- Neurological Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Kamber Goksu
- Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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Yan Z, Chen Q, Xia Y. Oxidative Stress Contributes to Inflammatory and Cellular Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Cellular Markers and Molecular Mechanism. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:453-465. [PMID: 36761905 PMCID: PMC9907008 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s399284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with complex pathogenesis, the treatment of which relies exclusively on the use of immunosuppressants. Increased oxidative stress is involved in causing inflammatory and cellular defects in the pathogenesis of SLE. Various inflammatory and cellular markers including oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids, and DNA contribute to immune system dysregulation and trigger an aggressive autoimmune attack through molecular mechanisms like enhanced NETosis, mTOR pathway activation, and imbalanced T-cell differentiation. Accordingly, the detection of inflammatory and cellular markers is important for providing an accurate assessment of the extent of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress also reduces DNA methylation, thus allowing the increased expression of affected genes. As a result, pharmacological approaches targeting oxidative stress yield promising results in treating patients with SLE. The purpose of this review is to examine the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and management of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yumin Xia, Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-29-87679969, Email
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Goulielmos GN, Zervou MI. Correspondence on 'Increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a nationwide population-based cohort study'. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:e19. [PMID: 33219010 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George N Goulielmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Rethimno, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria I Zervou
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Tsai TL, Zhou TA, Hsieh YT, Wang JC, Cheng HK, Huang CH, Tsai PY, Fan HH, Feng HK, Huang YC, Lin CC, Lin CH, Lin CY, Dzhagalov IL, Hsu CL. Multiomics reveal the central role of pentose phosphate pathway in resident thymic macrophages to cope with efferocytosis-associated stress. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111065. [PMID: 35830797 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are heterogeneous cell populations found throughout the body. Depending on their location, they perform diverse functions maintaining tissue homeostasis and providing immune surveillance. To survive and function within, TRMs adapt metabolically to the distinct microenvironments. However, little is known about the metabolic signatures of TRMs. The thymus provides a nurturing milieu for developing thymocytes yet efficiently removes those that fail the selection, relying on the resident thymic macrophages (TMφs). This study harnesses multiomics analyses to characterize TMφs and unveils their metabolic features. We find that the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is preferentially activated in TMφs, responding to the reduction-oxidation demands associated with the efferocytosis of dying thymocytes. The blockade of PPP in Mφs leads to decreased efferocytosis, which can be rescued by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Our study reveals the key role of the PPP in TMφs and underscores the importance of metabolic adaptation in supporting Mφ efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-An Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chu Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kuei Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Han Fan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Kai Feng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ivan L Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Gori E, Pierini A, Nesci M, Benvenuti E, Tasca S, Lubas G, Marchetti V. Detection of Anti-Erythrocyte Antibodies in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092580. [PMID: 34573547 PMCID: PMC8465133 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several extra-intestinal manifestations, including immune-mediated cytopenias, are reported in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whereas they are poorly documented in dogs. Hypothesizing that immune-mediated subclinical anemia can occur in canine IBD, the study aim was to evaluate the erythrogram and the presence of anti-RBC antibodies in dogs with IBD. IBD was diagnosed according to the following criteria: chronic gastrointestinal signs, ruling out of extra-intestinal diseases, no improvement with diet trial, histological evidence of inflammatory infiltration, and improvement after immunosuppressant therapy. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) endoscopic and histopathological scores were assessed for each dog. Twenty-five dogs were enrolled, and each dog had a CBC evaluation prior to endoscopy. The CBC was performed using laser hematology analyzer and blood smears were carefully reviewed for the presence of nucleated RBC, anisocytosis, polychromasia, and Howell-Jolly bodies. IgG and IgM anti-RBC antibodies were evaluated with flow cytometry. A high frequency of positive cases for anti-RBC antibodies in dogs with IBD (17/25 dogs) was ascertained. Approximatively 50% of dogs showed some hematologic features of RBC regeneration in addition to hematologic findings consistent with chronic inflammation. Anti-RBC antibodies and signs of erythroid regeneration may suggest possible subclinical chronic immune-mediated hemolysis that can cause anemia in dogs with IBD, together with the chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gori
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0502210166
| | - Martina Nesci
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Benvenuti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Silvia Tasca
- Clinical Pathology Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, 35030 Padova, Italy;
| | - George Lubas
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
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Decreased DNA hydroxymethylation and increased DNA demethylation are associated with high antioxidant response in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 157:575-579. [PMID: 33531150 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA hydroxymethylation may be induced by oxidative stress in lupus patients, so we investigated the association between DNA hydroxymethylation and demethylation with the antioxidant response. METHODS A case-control study was performed including lupus patients and matched healthy controls. Serum concentration of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 5-mC and 5-hmC were determined. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two patients and 34 controls were included. 5-hmC levels were lower in SLE patients than in controls. GSH and GSSG values were lower in patients, while SOD levels were higher in patients. TAC did not show significant differences, but higher demethylation and lower hydroxydemethylation were associated to increased TAC values. Lower demethylation was associated with cytopenia and lower hydroxymethylation with longer course of the disease. Lower levels of GSH and GSSG and higher SOD values were associated with accumulated damage assessed by SLICC-ACR. CONCLUSIONS Lower hydroxymethylation in patients than in controls was observed. Moreover, higher demethylation and lower hydroxymethylation leads to high TAC levels. DNA hydroxymethylation seems to be related to longer course of the disease.
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Fujii J, Homma T, Kobayashi S, Warang P, Madkaikar M, Mukherjee MB. Erythrocytes as a preferential target of oxidative stress in blood. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:562-580. [PMID: 33427524 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1873318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are specifically differentiated to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and they lack most organelles, including mitochondria. The autoxidation of hemoglobin constitutes a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nitric oxide, which is produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) or via the hemoglobin-mediated conversion of nitrite, interacts with ROS and results in the production of reactive nitrogen oxide species. Herein we present an overview of anemic diseases that are closely related to oxidative damage. Because the compensation of proteins by means of gene expression does not proceed in enucleated cells, antioxidative and redox systems play more important roles in maintaining the homeostasis of RBC against oxidative insult compared to ordinary cells. Defects in hemoglobin and enzymes that are involved in energy production and redox reactions largely trigger oxidative damage to RBC. The results of studies using genetically modified mice suggest that antioxidative enzymes, notably superoxide dismutase 1 and peroxiredoxin 2, play essential roles in coping with oxidative damage in erythroid cells, and their absence limits erythropoiesis, the life-span of RBC and consequently results in the development of anemia. The degeneration of the machinery involved in the proteolytic removal of damaged proteins appears to be associated with hemolytic events. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the dominant machinery, not only for the proteolytic removal of damaged proteins in erythroid cells but also for the development of erythropoiesis. Hence, despite the fact that it is less abundant in RBC compared to ordinary cells, the aberrant ubiquitin-proteasome system may be associated with the development of anemic diseases via the accumulation of damaged proteins, as typified in sickle cell disease, and impaired erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Prashant Warang
- ICMR - National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
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Woolcock AD, Serpa PBS, Santos AP, Christian JA, Moore GE. Reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and vitamin E concentrations in dogs with hemolytic or nonhemolytic anemia. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2357-2364. [PMID: 33047374 PMCID: PMC7694834 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBC) are uniquely susceptible to oxidative injury. Oxidative stress is both a cause for, and effect, of anemia in people but this has been minimally documented in dogs. OBJECTIVE To describe direct and indirect markers of oxidative stress in anemic dogs. HYPOTHESIS Anemic dogs will have oxidative stress when compared to healthy dogs. ANIMALS Forty-seven dogs with anemia (10 with hemolytic anemia) and 70 healthy control dogs. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study. Anemic dogs were identified from the patient population, and medical records were reviewed to classify the anemia as hemolytic or nonhemolytic. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) in erythrocyte isolates. Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured in both plasma and hemolysate samples, and vitamin E was measured in serum. RESULTS Anemic dogs (both hemolytic and nonhemolytic) had significantly lower median RBC hemolysate GSH concentrations (3.1 μM [0.4-30.8]) when compared to healthy dogs (7.0 μM [0.5-29.7]; P = .03). Dogs with hemolytic anemia had significantly higher median plasma GSH (7.6 μM [0.4-17.8]) when compared to dogs with nonhemolytic anemia (1.6 μM [0.01-7.1]; P = .04) and healthy dogs (2.8 μM [0.1-29.9]; P < .0001). Reactive oxygen species were detectable in all samples, but there was no difference in ROS or vitamin E between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oxidative stress is present in anemic dogs. Derangements in biomarkers of oxidative stress are different in dogs with hemolytic anemia and nonhemolytic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Woolcock
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Priscila B S Serpa
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Andrea P Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - John A Christian
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - George E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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Torres-Aguilar H, Sosa-Luis SA, Ríos-Ríos WDJ, Romero-Tlalolini MDLÁ, Aguilar-Ruiz SR. Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process? Autoimmunity 2020; 53:367-375. [PMID: 32815426 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1799989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected anti-red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies are routinely investigated in immunohematology and blood banking since their existence in pregnant women may induce haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn, and their presence in donors may induce haemolytic transfusion reactions or hyperacute rejection in solid organ transplantation. Unexpected anti-RBC alloantibodies may target antigens of the most blood types excluding the expected antibodies targeting the ABO antigens. Their incidence in humans was originally linked to alloimmunization events such as blood transfusions, transplants, or pregnancies. But later, many findings revealed their existence in pathogenic processes such as malignancies, infections, and autoimmune diseases; and usually (but not always) associated to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Nevertheless, unexpected anti-RBC autoantibodies are also occasionally found in healthy individuals in the absence of AIHA and with no history of alloimmunization or the associated pathologic processes. Hence, they are generally known as non-clinically significant, are excluded for typification and called "silent red blood cell autoantibodies (SRBCAA)". This review highlights evidence related to genetic predisposition, molecular mimicry, immune dysregulation, and immune tolerance loss surrounding the existence of anti-RBC antibodies, describing the presence of SRBCAA as possible early witnesses of the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorio Torres-Aguilar
- Clinical Immunology Research Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City, Mexico
| | - Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos
- Clinical Immunology Research Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Roberto Aguilar-Ruiz
- Molecular Immunology Research Department of Medicine and Surgery Faculty, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City, Mexico
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Prevention of peridural adhesions in spinal surgery: Assessing safety and efficacy of Chitogel with Deferiprone in a sheep model. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 72:378-385. [PMID: 31948884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal laminectomy is a common procedure performed to relieve neural compression in patients suffering from myelopathy or radiculopathy. However, up to 40% of patients suffer from persistent post-operative pain and disability, a condition known as Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS). Excessive scarring in the surgical bed is implicated as a cause. Hydrogels have been proposed to prevent adhesion formation post-laminectomy; however, their efficacy has not been proven. This study uses Chitogel complexed with the iron chelator Deferiprone (Def) to prevent adhesion formation in a sheep laminectomy model. MATERIAL & METHODS Fifteen Adult Merino sheep (Ovis Aries, 1-5 yrs old) underwent laminectomy at lumbar levels 1-5 and had hydrated aluminum silicate (kaolin) applied to promote adhesion formation. Subjects were randomised to receive at each laminectomy level no-treatment control, Chitogel, Chitogel with Def at 20 mM or 40 mM or Carboxy-methyl-cellulose and Polyethylene oxide (CMC/PEO) gel. The animals were recovered for 3 months post-surgery, followed by assessment with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histopathology of the spinal tissues for evaluating the presence and extent of adhesions. RESULTS MRI and Histology assessment indicated that Kaolin induced severe inflammation with adhesion formation. Chitogel with and without 20 mM Def decreased inflammation (p < 0.01) and trended to reduce adhesions (p < 0.1). Chitogel with Def 40 mM was not significantly dis-similar to CMC/PEO and did not reduce inflammation or adhesions compared to no-treatment control. CONCLUSION Chitogel in combination with Def 20 mM is safe and effective in decreasing the inflammatory process and may possibly reduce post-operative adhesions following laminectomy.
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Homma T, Takeda Y, Sakahara S, Ishii N, Kobayashi S, Abe H, Asao H, Fujii J. Heterozygous SOD1 deficiency in mice with an NZW background causes male infertility and an aberrant immune phenotype. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1060-1072. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1677901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuji Takeda
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakahara
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hironobu Asao
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Abstract
Purpose of review Pathogenic autoantibodies directed against red blood cells (RBCs) may lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), a severe and sometimes fatal disease. Much of what is known about the etiology and pathogenesis of AIHA has been learned from observations made in human patients and murine models, but many questions remain; importantly, it is still unclear why some people generate RBC-specific autoantibodies. The combination of technological advancements applied to existing models and the development of new AIHA murine models will continue to provide considerable insight into the initiation of AIHA and provide a platform for the design of more effective therapies. Recent findings Advancements in well described murine models of AIHA show that reticulocytes are preferentially targeted by anti-RBC autoantibodies and an increase in oxidative stress may trigger autoantibody production. Additionally, a new murine model of erythrocyte autoreactivity demonstrates that T cell tolerance is the stopgap for autoimmunity. Moreover, unlike many self-antigens, data suggest that RBC self-antigens are not presented in the thymus thereby escaping the scrutiny of T cell central tolerance mechanisms and placing emphasis on peripheral tolerance instead. Information gained from this new model provide novel insight into how the immune system responds to RBC autoantigens and provides a tractable platform to discover new therapies for AIHA. Summary Murine models of AIHA have provided significant understanding into the risk factors for AIHA. The application of new technologies and models of erythrocyte autoreactivity is a pathway with the potential to elucidate how tolerance to RBC autoantigens is established, maintained, and broken down.
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Bragazzi NL, Watad A, Damiani G, Adawi M, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Role of anti-DNA auto-antibodies as biomarkers of response to treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: hypes and hopes. Insights and implications from a comprehensive review of the literature. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:969-978. [PMID: 31516059 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1665511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the polymorphic clinical presentations and manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), biomarkers with enough diagnostic and prognostic value are of paramount importance. Recently, anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) auto-antibodies have been proposed to monitor the response to different therapies. It has also been suggested that they should be employed as entry markers in trial studies. However, their clinical use remains still debated and, sometimes, controversial, due to conflicting findings reported. Areas covered: Through an extensive literature review, we evaluated changes in anti-dsDNA auto-antibodies levels before and after the administration of the treatment (either biological or non-biological). Expert opinion: Anti-dsDNA auto-antibodies related findings are still difficult to compare mainly because of the different detecting methods employed, even though in most studies included in this review a consistent decreasing pattern after the treatment seems to emerge. Hence, if properly standardized, anti-dsDNA auto-antibody profile may be a reliable biomarker to monitor the effectiveness of biologics as well as of non-biological drugs, especially if grouped in composite outcomes scores, such as the 'Lupus Multivariable Outcome Score' (LUMOS) or measured with other biomarkers, such as anti-nucleosome auto-antibodies. We recommend the assessment of anti-dsDNA auto-antibodies levels in both daily practice and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM) , Toronto , Canada
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Centro Studi GISED, Young Dermatologists Italian Network , Bergamo , Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University , OH , Cleveland , USA.,Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Mohammad Adawi
- Padeh and Ziv Hospitals, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan , Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) , Moscow , Russia.,Past incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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15
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Kaur R, Ghanghas P, Rastogi P, Kaushal N. Protective Role of Selenium Against Hemolytic Anemia Is Mediated Through Redox Modulation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:490-500. [PMID: 30151563 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential trace element and potent nutritional antioxidant, exerts its biological effects through incorporation into selenoproteins like glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Modest decrement in the levels of GPx could be partly responsible for peroxidation of RBCs, which results into hemolytic anemia. Therefore, it is hypothesized that dietary Se, as selenoproteins (GPx), can maintain the homeostasis in RBCs and regulate the erythropoiesis by preventing oxidative stress-mediated hemolysis. Se-deficient (0.01 ppm), Se-adequate (0.1 ppm sodium selenite), and Se-supplemented (0.5 ppm sodium selenite) status were created in Balb/c mice by feeding yeast-based diets for 8 weeks and established by measuring Se levels in plasma and activities, expressions of Se-dependent selenoproteins. Fifty percent of mice from each differential Se group were treated with phenylhydrazine (PHZ, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce hemolytic anemia. Results indicated that PHZ-treated Se-deficient animals demonstrated increased hemolysis, abnormal RBC morphology, increase in Heinz bodies and reticulocytes, and denaturation of hemoglobin to globin precipitates and methemoglobin. Se supplementation protected against these hemolytic changes and makes RBCs less fragile. These findings were consistent with dietary Se concentration-dependent changes in activity and expression of GPx indicating that ROS-mediated oxidative stress is integral to hemolysis. Protective effects of Se supplementation against increased levels of ROS, protein carbonyls, and peroxide damage to membrane lipids and enzymatic antioxidants validated these observations. In conclusion, dietary Se supplementation protected the RBCs against hemolysis by mitigating ROS-mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rankaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Preety Ghanghas
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pulkit Rastogi
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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16
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Hussain MS, Tripathi V. Smoking under hypoxic conditions: a potent environmental risk factor for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Mil Med Res 2018; 5:11. [PMID: 29598831 PMCID: PMC5877397 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-018-0158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease management presents a significant challenge to medical science. Environmental factors potentially increase the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. Among various environmental stresses, cigarette smoke and hypoxia have both been reported to lead to an enhanced risk of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.In this review, we shed light on all reported mechanisms whereby cigarette smoke and a hypoxic environment can induce inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and discuss how hypoxic conditions influence the cigarette smoke-induced threat of inflammatory and autoimmune disease development.Cigarette smoke and hypoxia both lead to increased oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals, which have various effects including the generation of autoreactive pro-inflammatory T cells and autoantibodies, reductions in T regulatory (Treg) cell activity, and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators [e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)]. Accordingly, smoking and hypoxic environments may synergistically act as potent environmental risk factors for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the direct association of cigarette smoke and hypoxic environments with the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Future studies exploring the risk of autoimmune disease development in smokers at high altitudes, particularly military personnel and mountaineers who are not acclimatized to high-altitude regions, are required to obtain a better understanding of disease risk as well as its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saddam Hussain
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201312 India
| | - Vishwas Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201312 India
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17
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Chen H, Yan F, Hu J, Wu Y, Tucker C, Green A, Cheng H. Immune Response of Laying Hens Exposed to 30 ppm Ammonia
for 25 Weeks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2017.139.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Chatterjee S, Bhardwaj N, Saxena RK. Identification of Stages of Erythroid Differentiation in Bone Marrow and Erythrocyte Subpopulations in Blood Circulation that Are Preferentially Lost in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Mouse. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166878. [PMID: 27870894 PMCID: PMC5117735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated weekly injections of rat erythrocytes produced autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in C57BL/6 mice after 5–6 weeks. Using the double in vivo biotinylation (DIB) technique, recently developed in our laboratory, turnover of erythrocyte cohorts of different age groups during AIHA was monitored. Results indicate a significant decline in the proportion of reticulocytes, young and intermediate age groups of erythrocytes, but a significant increase in the proportion of old erythrocytes in blood circulation. Binding of the autoantibody was relatively higher to the young erythrocytes and higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also seen in these cells. Erythropoietic activity in the bone marrows and the spleen of AIHA induced mice was examined by monitoring the relative proportion of erythroid cells at various stages of differentiation in these organs. Cells at different stages of differentiation were enumerated flow cytometrically by double staining with anti-Ter119 and anti-transferrin receptor (CD71) monoclonal antibodies. Erythroid cells in bone marrow declined significantly in AIHA induced mice, erythroblast C being most affected (50% decline). Erythroblast C also recorded high intracellular ROS level along with increased levels of membrane-bound autoantibody. No such decline was observed in spleen. A model of AIHA has been proposed indicating that binding of autoantibodies may not be a sufficient condition for destruction of erythroid cells in bone marrow and in blood circulation. Last stage of erythropoietic differentiation in bone marrow and early stages of erythrocytes in blood circulation are specifically susceptible to removal in AIHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreoshi Chatterjee
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Bhardwaj
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv K. Saxena
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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19
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Chen WS, Chang YS, Chang CC, Chang DM, Chen YH, Tsai CY, Chen JH. Management and Risk Reduction of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan. Sleep 2016; 39:1883-1890. [PMID: 27397567 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To explore associations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and autoimmune diseases and evaluate whether OSA management reduces the incidence of autoimmune diseases. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study using nationwide database research. The data was from 105,846 adult patients in whom OSA was diagnosed and recorded in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2002 and 2011 were the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with antecedent autoimmune diseases were excluded. A comparison cohort of 423,384 participants without OSA served as age- and sex-matched controls. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed on both cohorts to compute risk of autoimmune diseases during follow-up. Time-dependent OSA treatment effect was analyzed among patients with OSA. There were no interventions. RESULTS Among patients with OSA, overall risk for incident autoimmune diseases was significantly higher than that in controls (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.66-2.27). Risk for individual autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren syndrome (SS), and Behçet disease, was significantly higher in patients with OSA than in controls (HRs [95% CI]: RA 1.33 [1.03-1.72, SS 3.45 [2.67-4.45] and Behçet disease 5.33 [2.45-12.66]). Increased risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (HR 1.00 [0.54-1.84]) and systemic sclerosis (HR 1.43 [0.51-3.96]) did not reach statistical significance. Patients with OSA receiving treatment had an overall reduced risk of RA and other autoimmune diseases (time-dependent HRs [95% CI]: 0.22 [0.05-0.94] and 0.51 [0.28-0.92], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with OSA are associated with higher risk for developing RA, SS, and Behçet disease. OSA management is associated with reduced risk of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan.,National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Biostatistics Center, College of Management, Taipei Medical University
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Biostatistics Center and School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University
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20
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Sobhani M, Taheri AR, Jafarian AH, Hashemy SI. The activity and tissue distribution of thioredoxin reductase in basal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2303-7. [PMID: 27601162 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Different mechanisms are proposed to be involved in its pathogenesis such as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which is the consequence of the disruption of redox balance in favor of oxidants, is involved in the initiation or progression of many tumors. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a key enzyme of the thioredoxin (Trx) system, containing Trx and TrxR and NADPH, which is one of the main cellular oxidoreductases with an essential role in cellular health and survival through providing and maintaining redox balance. Therefore, we aimed to study and compare the activity and tissue distribution of TrxR in tumoral tissue and its healthy margin in patients with BCC. METHODS After biopsy and taking samples from 18 patients, TrxR activity was measured using a commercial kit and its tissue distribution was assessed immunohistochemically. RESULTS Both the activity and tissue distribution of TrxR in tumoral tissues were significantly higher compared to their healthy margins. Regarding the tissue distribution, this significant increase in TrxR in tumoral tissues was documented based on both staining intensity and abundance of positive cells in immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it is concluded that TrxR is involved in the pathogenesis of BCC; however, more investigations are required to clarify whether this increase is a consequence of BCC or it is an initiating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sobhani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Taheri
- Department of Dermatology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Jafarian
- Department of Pathology, Qaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Otsuki N, Konno T, Kurahashi T, Suzuki S, Lee J, Okada F, Iuchi Y, Homma T, Fujii J. The SOD1 transgene expressed in erythroid cells alleviates fatal phenotype in congenic NZB/NZW-F1 mice. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:793-800. [PMID: 27080108 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1178388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress due to a superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) deficiency causes anemia and autoimmune responses, which are phenotypically similar to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 mice and aggravates AIHA pathogenesis in New Zealand black (NZB) mice. We report herein on an evaluation of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a model mouse with inherited SLE, that is, F1 mice of the NZB × New Zealand white (NZW) strain. The ROS levels within red blood cells (RBCs) of the F1 mice were similar to the NZW mice but lower compared to the NZB mice throughout adult period. Regarding SLE pathogenesis, we examined the effects of an SOD1 deficiency or the overexpression of human SOD1 in erythroid cells by establishing corresponding congenic F1 mice. A SOD1 deficiency caused an elevation in ROS production, methemoglobin content, and hyperoxidation of peroxiredoxin in RBC of the F1 mice, which were all consistent with elevated oxidative stress. However, while the overexpression of human SOD1 in erythroid cells extended the life span of the congenic F1 mice, the SOD1 deficiency had no effect on life span compared to wild-type F1 mice. It is generally recognized that NZW mice possess a larval defect in the immune system and that NZB mice trigger an autoimmune reaction in the F1 mice. Our results suggest that the oxidative insult originated from the NZB mouse background has a functional role in triggering an aberrant immune reaction, leading to fatal responses in F1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takujiro Homma
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University , Yamagata , Japan
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Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Relationship with Clinical and Laboratory Findings. Autoimmune Dis 2016; 2016:4343514. [PMID: 26925260 PMCID: PMC4746302 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4343514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. This study was aimed at evaluating prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relationship with laboratory findings and clinical manifestations. Methods. In this case-control study, 60 patients with SLE and 60 healthy individuals were enrolled. The blood samples were collected and their sera were separated. Subsequently, the prooxidant-antioxidant balance value was evaluated using PAB assay for each sample. Results. The mean of PAB values in SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (147.3 ± 42 versus 84.8 ± 32.2 HK, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, in SLE patients, there was a positive significant correlation between the PAB and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = 0.492, P < 0.001). In addition, the PAB values in patients with alopecia, discoid rash, oral ulcers, arthritis, and nephritis were significantly higher than those without these manifestations. Conclusion. The findings of current study showed that the mean of PAB was significantly higher in SLE patients and PAB was correlated with ESR. Moreover increased PAB was found in SLE patients with alopecia, discoid rash, oral ulcers, arthritis, and nephritis. These findings suggest that the measurement of PAB may be useful to show oxidative stress condition in SLE patients.
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23
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Liver injury correlates with biomarkers of autoimmunity and disease activity and represents an organ system involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:319-27. [PMID: 26160213 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease (LD), defined as ≥ 2-fold elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), was examined in a longitudinal study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Among 435 patients, 90 (20.7%) had LD with a greater prevalence in males (15/39; 38.5%) than females (75/396; 18.9%; p = 0.01). SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was greater in LD patients (7.8 ± 0.7) relative to those without (5.8 ± 0.3; p = 0.0025). Anti-smooth muscle antibodies, anti-DNA antibodies, hypocomplementemia, proteinuria, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anti-phospholipid syndrome were increased in LD. An absence of LD was noted in patients receiving rapamycin relative to azathioprine, cyclosporine A, or cyclophosphamide. An absence of LD was also noted in patients treated with N-acetylcysteine. LFTs were normalized and SLEDAI was diminished with increased prednisone use in 76/90 LD patients over 12.1 ± 2.6 months. Thus, LD is attributed to autoimmunity and disease activity, it responds to prednisone, and it is potentially preventable by rapamycin or N-acetylcysteine treatment.
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