1
|
Koehler M, Brockamp T, Bamberg S, Gehlert T. Change of risk behaviour in young people – the effectiveness of the trauma prevention programme P.A.R.T.Y. considering the effect of fear appeals and cognitive processes. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:595. [PMID: 35346123 PMCID: PMC8962068 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of the injury awareness and prevention programme P.A.R.T.Y. (Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth) in Germany. On a designated P.A R.T.Y. day, school classes spend a day in a trauma hospital experiencing the various wards through which a seriously injured person goes. A further goal of the study was to reveal indications of the programme’s mechanism of action by testing theory-based impact models of fear appeals and cognitive beliefs. Methods In a quasi-experimental longitudinal study with three measurement times the participants of 19 P.A.R.T.Y. days (n = 330), as well as pupils who did not attend the programme (n = 244), were interviewed with a standardised questionnaire. They reported risk behaviour, feelings of threat and cognitive beliefs about road traffic. The data were analysed using a meta-analytical approach to estimate an average effect size across the different P.A.R.T.Y. days. Path models were used to identify possible mechanisms of action. Results For most of the parameters, small positive effects could be proven immediately after the P.A.R.T.Y. intervention. However, after four to 5 months only one statistically significant effect was found. Using path analytical models, important predictors for behavioural changes (e.g. self-efficacy) could be identified. But for these predictors no or only short-term effects were observed in the meta-analysis. Conclusions Fear appeals as used primarily in the P.A.R.T.Y. programme appear to cause behavioural changes only to a limited extent and only in the short-term, especially if the strengthening of psychosocial resources is not given sufficient consideration. The participants must also cognitively process the experiences in the hospital. Accordingly, consideration should be given to how the P.A.R.T.Y. program could be adapted to complement the fear appeal with cognitive components. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12918-2.
Collapse
|
2
|
McLeod J, Ball H, Gunn A, Howard T, Fitzgerald MC, Cameron PA, Mitra B. Impact of In-hospital and Outreach models for regional P.A.R.T.Y. Program participants. Emerg Med Australas 2020; 33:640-646. [PMID: 33340262 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective observational study aimed to compare the impact of the Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) Program when delivered as In-hospital or Outreach models to rural and regional students. METHODS The study population were consented participants from regional areas between 2013 and 2017 who completed pre-programme, immediately post-programme and 3-5 months post-programme surveys. Responses from the metropolitan In-hospital programme participants and regional Outreach programme participants were analysed within groups across the three time points. The primary outcome variable was a change in self-reported perception of driving after drinking alcohol. Secondary outcome variables were designating a safe driver after drinking, perception of risk of injury if not wearing a seatbelt, risks of injury if undertaking physical risk-taking activities and likelihood of the programme changing perceptions. RESULTS There were 1314 participants invited to participate and 547 (42%) sets of complete surveys were received, of whom 296 (54%) were Outreach participants. Pre-programme, a significantly lower proportion of Outreach participants reported 'definitely not' to driving after drinking (84% vs 91%), and perceived a 'definite' likelihood of sustaining injury if not wearing a seatbelt (57% vs 66%). Outreach participants displayed improvements in likelihood to drive after drinking alcohol immediately post-programme and on follow up (P = 0.028). Responses to all other secondary outcome measures demonstrated some improvement. CONCLUSIONS Although demographically similar, baseline perceptions toward alcohol, risk-taking and injury differed between groups. Improvements in perception were demonstrated across both models. These findings support P.A.R.T.Y. as an injury prevention initiative for regional youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet McLeod
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley Ball
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Gunn
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teresa Howard
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark C Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Services, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter A Cameron
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Biswadev Mitra
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Understanding clusters of risk factors across different environmental and social contexts for the prediction of injuries among Canadian youth. Injury 2016; 47:1143-50. [PMID: 26684171 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among Canadian youth, injury is the most common reason for presentation to the emergency department. Youth who commonly engage in multiple risk-taking behaviours are at greater risk for injury, but is it unknown if this phenomenon is more pronounced in different contexts. We aimed to study relationships between risk-taking behaviours and injury, and variations in such relationships between different environmental and social contexts, among youth in Canada. METHODS Risk-taking behaviour and injury outcome data were collected from grade 9 to 10 students using the 2009-2010 (Cycle 6) of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey (n=10,429). Principal components analysis was used to identify clusters of risk-taking behaviours. Within each identified cluster, the degree of risk-taking was categorized into quartiles from lowest to highest engagement in the behaviours. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the association between the risk of any injury and the degree of risk-taking behaviour specific to the cluster. Clusters were then examined across home, school, neighbourhood and sport contexts. RESULTS Four clusters of risk-taking behaviour were identified which were labelled as "gateway substance use", "hard drugs and weapons", "overt risk-taking", and "physical activity". Each cluster was related to injury occurrence in a graded fashion. Clusters of risk behaviour were most strongly associated with injuries sustained in neighbourhood settings, and expectedly, increasing physical activity behaviours were associated with increased risk of sport injuries and injuries occurring at school. CONCLUSIONS This study furthers understanding of clustered risk-taking phenomena that put youth at increasing levels of injury risk. Higher risks for injury and associated gradients were observed in less structured contexts such as neighbourhoods. In contrast, clustered physical activity behaviours were most related to school injury or sport injury and were more likely to be sustained in a supervised context. Understanding the clustered and cumulative nature of risk-behaviours, and how these vary by environmental and social context, helps to explain potential mechanisms of injury as well as modifiable factors that may be important avenues for intervention.
Collapse
|