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Almuraikhy S, Doudin A, Domling A, Althani AAJF, Elrayess MA. Molecular regulators of exercise-mediated insulin sensitivity in non-obese individuals. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18015. [PMID: 37938877 PMCID: PMC10805515 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a significant contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and low maximal oxygen uptake. While intense and prolonged exercise may have negative effects, physical activity can have a positive influence on cellular metabolism and the immune system. Moderate exercise has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, whereas intense exercise can increase oxidative stress in the short term. The impact of exercise on pro-inflammatory cytokine production is complex and varies depending on intensity and duration. Exercise can also counteract the harmful effects of ageing and inflamm-ageing. This review aims to examine the molecular pathways altered by exercise in non-obese individuals at higher risk of developing T2D, including glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation and oxidative stress, with the potential to improve insulin sensitivity. The focus is on understanding the potential benefits of exercise for improving insulin sensitivity and providing insights for future targeted interventions before onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug DesignGroningen UniversityGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Asmaa Doudin
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug DesignGroningen UniversityGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Asmaa Ali J. F. Althani
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
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Sutkowy P, Wróblewska J, Wróblewski M, Nuszkiewicz J, Modrzejewska M, Woźniak A. The Impact of Exercise on Redox Equilibrium in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164833. [PMID: 36013072 PMCID: PMC9410476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases constitute the most important public health problem in the world. They are characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress in the heart and blood. Physical activity is recognized as one of the best ways to prevent these diseases, and it has already been applied in treatment. Physical exercise, both aerobic and anaerobic and single and multiple, is linked to the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance; however, this leads to positive adaptive changes in, among others, the increase in antioxidant capacity. The goal of the paper was to discuss the issue of redox equilibrium in the human organism in the course of cardiovascular diseases to systemize updated knowledge in the context of exercise impacts on the organism. Antioxidant supplementation is also an important issue since antioxidant supplements still have great potential regarding their use as drugs in these diseases.
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Sulistyaning A, Farida F, Sari H. The Consumption of Yellow Watermelon-plantain Juice before Anaerobic Exercise Improves Blood Glucose and Suppresses Oxidative Stress Formation in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Food supplementation prior to exercise could supply glucose for energy booster and enhanced performance. Food supplements with potent antioxidant activity could also help alleviate oxidative stress formation during exercise. This study aiming to investigate yellow watermelon-plantain juice administration prior to anaerobic exercise on blood glucose level and its protective effect on markers of oxidative stress formation that is malondialdehyde (mda) serum level. Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five different groups in which received different treatments. Anaerobic exercise in this study was set as swimming test for three minutes. Blood glucose level were examined as baseline, thirty minutes after juice supplementation, and after exercise test. P2 groups has the highest blood glucose level before and after exercise (111.86 mg/dl and 100.52 mg/dl, respectively). Mda level after exercise differ significantly between groups (p < 0.05) with negative control group has the highest level of Mda (7.68 nmol/ml) and P2 has the lowest level among treatment groups (1.8 nmol/ml). It can be concluded that yellow watermelon-plantain juice supplementation prior to anaerobic exercise is an effective source of energy due to its rapid glucose availability in the serum. Antioxidant content in yellow watermelon-plantain juice could also suppressed malondialdehyde serum level after exercise
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Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on immune status in healthy women following a single bout of exercise. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The Role of Vitamin C in Two Distinct Physiological States: Physical Activity and Sleep. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123908. [PMID: 33371359 PMCID: PMC7767325 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a literature overview of the complex relationship between vitamin C and two opposing physiological states, physical activity and sleep. The evidence suggests a clinically important bidirectional association between these two phenomena mediated by different physiological mechanisms. With this in mind, and knowing that both states share a connection with oxidative stress, we discuss the existing body of evidence to answer the question of whether vitamin C supplementation can be beneficial in the context of sleep health and key aspects of physical activity, such as performance, metabolic changes, and antioxidant function. We analyze the effect of ascorbic acid on the main sleep components, sleep duration and quality, focusing on the most common disorders: insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome. Deeper understanding of those interactions has implications for both public health and clinical practice.
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The Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Exercise, and Pain in Health and Disease: Potential Role of Autonomic Regulation and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111166. [PMID: 33238564 PMCID: PMC7700330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be induced by various stimuli and altered in certain conditions, including exercise and pain. Although many studies have investigated oxidative stress in relation to either exercise or pain, the literature presents conflicting results. Therefore, this review critically discusses existing literature about this topic, aiming to provide a clear overview of known interactions between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain in healthy people as well as in people with chronic pain, and to highlight possible confounding factors to keep in mind when reflecting on these interactions. In addition, autonomic regulation and epigenetic mechanisms are proposed as potential mechanisms of action underlying the interplay between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain. This review highlights that the relation between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain is poorly understood and not straightforward, as it is dependent on the characteristics of exercise, but also on which population is investigated. To be able to compare studies on this topic, strict guidelines should be developed to limit the effect of several confounding factors. This way, the true interplay between oxidative stress, exercise, and pain, and the underlying mechanisms of action can be revealed and validated via independent studies.
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Kozłowska L, Mizera O, Gromadzińska J, Janasik B, Mikołajewska K, Mróz A, Wąsowicz W. Changes in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage Markers Following Diet and Beetroot Juice Supplementation in Elite Fencers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070571. [PMID: 32630279 PMCID: PMC7402086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diet and active substances in beetroot juice on the parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage as well as on the maximum rate of oxygen uptake (VO2max) in elite fencers (10 women, 10 men). Athletes during four weeks realized dietary recommendations (ID) and, after that, diet with freeze-dried beetroot juice supplementation (ID&BEET). At baseline and after each stage, fasting antioxidants, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and skeletal muscle damage were measured, and a VO2max test was performed. Only after ID&BEET was a significant increase of VO2max observed, and changes of this parameter were negatively related with changes of serum lactate dehydrogenase (∆LDH) activity, as well as with serum ∆β-carotene and malondialdehyde concentration (∆MDA). Additionally, positive relationships were observed between ∆β-carotene versus changes of the serum concentration of advanced oxidation protein products (∆AOPP), changes of serum glutathione peroxidase activity (∆GPx3) versus both changes of physical activity level and ∆LDH, as well as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (∆GPx1) versus ∆LDH. To summarize, we showed that long-term beetroot juice supplementation increases lipid peroxidation, and improvement of VO2max after ID&BEET seems to be dependent on LDH activity, as well as on the serum concentration of MDA and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Kozłowska
- Department of Dietetics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Nowoursynowska 15c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Mizera
- Department of Dietetics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Nowoursynowska 15c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jolanta Gromadzińska
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Sw. Teresy 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.G.); (B.J.); (K.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Beata Janasik
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Sw. Teresy 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.G.); (B.J.); (K.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Karolina Mikołajewska
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Sw. Teresy 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.G.); (B.J.); (K.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Anna Mróz
- Department of Physiology and Sport Medicine, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Wąsowicz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Sw. Teresy 8, 91-348 Łódź, Poland; (J.G.); (B.J.); (K.M.); (W.W.)
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Yimcharoen M, Kittikunnathum S, Suknikorn C, Nak-On W, Yeethong P, Anthony TG, Bunpo P. Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:2. [PMID: 30665439 PMCID: PMC6341721 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble chain breaking antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during metabolic pathways. Exercise can produce an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages. This study was designed to determine the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage following a single bout of exercise. METHODS In a crossover design with a 1 wk. wash-out period, 19 healthy women performed 30 min moderate-intensity cycling after ingesting 1000 mg of ascorbic acid (AA) or placebo. Blood samples were taken immediately before, immediately after and 30 min post-exercise to determine plasma albumin, total protein, glucose, oxidative stress and muscle damage markers. RESULTS Plasma albumin and total protein levels increased immediately after exercise in placebo alongside slight reductions in glucose (p = 0.001). These effects were absent in AA cohort. Ferric reducing ability of plasma and vitamin C levels in AA cohort significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly elevated after exercise (p = 0.002) in placebo but not AA. Plasma malondialdehyde did not change after exercise in placebo but was significantly decreased in AA (p < 0.05). The exercise protocol promoted slight muscle damage, reflected in significant increases in total creatine kinase in all subjects after exercise. On the other hand, plasma C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Supplementation with ascorbic acid prior exercise improves antioxidant power but does not prevent muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Yimcharoen
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Suwatsin Kittikunnathum
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chawannut Suknikorn
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wichuda Nak-On
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Petcharee Yeethong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Piyawan Bunpo
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Moritz CEJ, Teixeira BC, Rockenbach L, Reischak-Oliveira A, Casali EA, Battastini AMO. Altered extracellular ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis in blood serum of sedentary individuals after an acute, aerobic, moderate exercise session. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:55-63. [PMID: 27854073 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotidases participate in the regulation of physiological and pathological events, such as inflammation and coagulation. Exercise promotes distinct adaptations, and can influence purinergic signaling. In the present study, we investigated soluble nucleotidase activities in the blood serum of sedentary young male adults at pre- and post-acute moderate aerobic exercise. In addition, we evaluated how this kind of exercise could influence adenine nucleotide concentrations in the blood serum. Sedentary individuals were submitted to moderate aerobic exercise on a treadmill; blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise, and serum was separated for analysis. Results showed increases in ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis post-exercise, compared to pre-exercise values. The ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase was also evaluated, showing an increased activity post-exercise, compared to pre-exercise. Purine levels were analyzed by HPLC in the blood serum, pre- and post-exercise. Decreased levels of ATP and ADP were found post-exercise, in contrast with pre-exercise values. Conversely, post-exercise levels of adenosine and inosine increased compared to pre-exercise levels. Our results indicate an influence of acute exercise on ATP metabolism, modifying enzymatic behavior to promote a protective biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Costa Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, São Luiz Gonzaga, RS, Brazil
| | - Liliana Rockenbach
- Progama de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emerson André Casali
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Progama de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Hyun J, Kim YM, Hwangbo K, Kim YM. Influence of preliminary exercise training on muscle damage indices in rats after one bout of prolonged treadmill exercise. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1856-9. [PMID: 27390433 PMCID: PMC4932074 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on muscle
damage indices in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two groups of rats were trained in either
moderate- or high-intensity treadmill running for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the
concentrations of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive
protein were examined following a single bout of prolonged (3-h) intensive exercise.
[Subjects and Methods] The study included forty 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats
weighing 150–180 g each. The aerobic exercise group was divided into high-intensity (28
m/min) and moderate-intensity (15 m/min) subgroups. Both subgroups were trained for 35 min
daily for 6 days per week (excluding Sunday) over a 4-week period. Following training, the
high- and moderate-intensity exercise groups and a non-exercise group performed one bout
of prolonged (3-h) treadmill exercise for 3 hours at a speed of 15 m/min. [Results]
Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels differed significantly among the groups.
[Conclusion] The preliminary exercise groups showed lower muscle damage and inflammatory
response levels than the non-exercise group after the bout of prolonged intensive
exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kak Hwangbo
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
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Levers K, Dalton R, Galvan E, O'Connor A, Goodenough C, Simbo S, Mertens-Talcott SU, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Riechman S, Crouse S, Kreider RB. Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:22. [PMID: 27231439 PMCID: PMC4880859 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term supplementation of a powdered tart cherry supplement prior to and following stressful endurance exercise would affect markers of muscle damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and/or muscle soreness. METHODS 27 endurance-trained runners or triathlete (21.8 ± 3.9 years, 15.0 ± 6.0 % body fat, 67.4 ± 11.8 kg) men (n = 18) and women (n = 9) were matched based on average reported race pace, age, body mass, and fat free mass. Subjects were randomly assigned to ingest, in a double-blind manner, capsules containing 480 mg of a rice flour placebo (P, n = 16) or powdered tart cherries [CherryPURE®] (TC, n = 11). Subjects supplemented one time daily (480 mg/day) for 10-d, including race day, up to 48-hr post-run. Subjects completed a half-marathon run (21.1 km) under 2-hr (111.98 ± 11.9 min). Fasting blood samples and quadriceps muscle soreness ratings using an algometer with a graphic pain rating scale were taken pre-run, 60-min, 24 and 48-h post-run and analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS Subjects in the TC group averaged 13 % faster half-marathon race finish times (p = 0.001) and tended to have smaller deviations from predicted race pace (p = 0.091) compared to P. Attenuations in TC muscle catabolic markers were reported over time for creatinine (p = 0.047), urea/blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.048), total protein (p = 0.081), and cortisol (p = 0.016) compared to P. Despite lower antioxidant activity pre-run in TC compared to P, changes from pre-run levels revealed a linear increase in antioxidant activity at 24 and 48-h of recovery in TC that was statistically different (16-39 %) from P and pre-run levels. Inflammatory markers were 47 % lower in TC compared to P over time (p = 0.053) coupled with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.017). Soreness perception between the groups was different over time in the medial quadriceps (p = 0.035) with 34 % lower pre-run soreness in TC compared to P. Over the 48-h recovery period, P changes in medial quadriceps soreness from pre-run measures were smaller compared to TC. CONCLUSION Results revealed that short-term supplementation of Montmorency powdered tart cherries surrounding an endurance challenge attenuated markers of muscle catabolism, reduced immune and inflammatory stress, better maintained redox balance, and increased performance in aerobically trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Levers
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Ryan Dalton
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Elfego Galvan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Abigail O'Connor
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Chelsea Goodenough
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Sunday Simbo
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Institute for Obesity Research and Program Evaluation, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Christopher Rasmussen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Mike Greenwood
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Steven Riechman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Human Countermeasures Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Stephen Crouse
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Applied Exercise Science Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243 USA
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Mohamed S, Lamya N, Hamda M. Effect of Maximal Versus Supra-Maximal Exhausting Race on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Activity and Muscle-Damage Biomarkers in Long-Distance and Middle-Distance Runners. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e27902. [PMID: 27217926 PMCID: PMC4870825 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.27902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exhausting physical exercise increases lipid peroxidation and causes important muscle damages. The human body tries to mitigate these adverse effects by mobilizing its antioxidant defenses. Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of a maximal versus supra-maximal race sustained until exhaustion on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and muscle-damage biomarkers in trained (i.e. long-distance and middle-distance runners) and sedentary subjects. Materials and Methods The study has been carried out on 8 middle-distance runners (MDR), 9 long-distance runners (LDR), and 8 sedentary subjects (SS). Each subject has undergone two exhaustive running tests, the first one is an incremental event (VAMEVAL test), the second one is a constant supra-maximal intensity test (limited-time test). Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after each test. Results A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations was observed in SS and MDR after the VAMEVAL test and in LDR after the Limited-Time test. A significant difference was also observed between LDR and the other two groups after the VAMEVAL test, and between LDR and MDR after the Limited-Time test. Significant modifications, notably, in myoglobin, CK, LDH, IL-6, TNF-α, and TAS were likewise noted but depending on the race-type and the sportive specialty. Conclusions Maximal and supra-maximal races induce a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and cause non-negligible inflammation and muscle damage. These effects were relatively related to the physical exercise type and the sportive specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Mohamed
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied in Sports and Physical Education, Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Jendouba University, El Kef, Tunisia
- Corresponding author: Said Mohamed, Department of Biological Sciences Applied in Sports and Physical Education, Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Jendouba University, El Kef, Tunisia. Tel: +216-93831445, Fax: +216-72272033, E-mail:
| | - Ncir Lamya
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied in Sports and Physical Education, Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Jendouba University, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Hamda
- Department Of Biological Sciences Applied in Sports and Physical Education, Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Mannouba University, Ksar-Said, Tunisia
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Mille-Hamard L, Breuneval C, Rousseau AS, Grimaldi P, Billat VL. Transcriptional modulation of mitochondria biogenesis pathway at and above critical speed in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:223-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Roengrit T, Wannanon P, Prasertsri P, Kanpetta Y, Sripanidkulchai BO, Wattanathorn J, Leelayuwat N. Antioxidant effect of Phyllanthus amarus after moderate-intensity exercise in sedentary males: a randomized crossover (double-blind) study. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1181-6. [PMID: 25995584 PMCID: PMC4434005 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We aimed to evaluate the effects of Phyllanthus amarus (PA) on oxidative stress and damage, inflammation, and soreness in muscle after a single session of moderate-intensity exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve men randomly participated in 2, three-day phases with a one-week washout period. On the first day, participants consumed two capsules of PA or placebo control (CTL) before 20 min of cycling. They then consumed four capsules on the same day after exercise and six capsules/day for the next two days. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after exercise and 24 h and 48 h after exercise. The pain tolerance was measured at both legs. [Results] Plasma vitamin C levels in the PA group were higher than those in the CTL group after exercise. At 48 h after exercise, vitamin C levels were higher in the PA group, but those in the CTL group were lower than the pre-exercise levels. However, plasma levels of creatine kinase were increased in both groups after exercise compared with the pre-exercise levels. The neutrophil count was higher immediately after exercise than the pre-exercise levels in the CTL group. [Conclusion] Acute supplementation with PA improves antioxidant status after a single session of moderate-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapanee Roengrit
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science,
Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Research and Development Group,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Panakaporn Wannanon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and
Development Center, Thailand
| | - Piyapong Prasertsri
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University,
Thailand
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Research and Development Group,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Yupaporn Kanpetta
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon
Kaen University, Thailand
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Research and Development Group,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | | | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and
Development Center, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Leelayuwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Research and Development Group,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Roengrit T, Wannanon P, Prasertsri P, Kanpetta Y, Sripanidkulchai BO, Leelayuwat N. Antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects of Phyllanthus amarus on improving exercise recovery in sedentary men: a randomized crossover (double-blind) design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:9. [PMID: 24636198 PMCID: PMC3995322 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllanthus amarus (PA) is a herbal plant containing antioxidant compounds that scavenge free radicals. The reduced oxidative stress may decrease muscle damage leading to early recovery from muscle soreness. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PA powder on oxidative stress, muscle damage, leukocyte counts, inflammation, and muscle soreness after a single bout of high-intensity exercise. METHODS Twelve men participated in two 3-day phases separated by a 1-week washout in a randomized double-blinded, crossover design. On day 1, randomly divided participants ingested two capsules of either PA (PA group) or placebo (PLA group) 20 min before a single bout of cycling at high intensity for 20 min followed by four capsules (two capsules after lunch and dinner), and six capsules/day for the next 2 days. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 24 and 48 h after the exercise. Pain threshold was measured at the mid-thigh on both legs. RESULTS Malondialdehyde concentration in the PA group was lower than that in the PLA group (p < 0.05) 48 h after high-intensity exercise. Vitamin C concentration was greater in the PA than in the PLA group (p < 0.05) immediately after high-intensity exercise. Pain threshold in both legs in the PA group was higher than in the PLA group 24 and 48 h after high-intensity exercise. There were no significant differences in creatine kinase, leukocyte counts or inflammation between groups. CONCLUSION Acute PA supplementation reduced oxidative stress and muscle soreness induced by high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Naruemon Leelayuwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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