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Ferrari S, Pesce M. The Complex Interplay of Inflammation, Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Sex in Calcific Disease of the Aortic Valve. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:791646. [PMID: 35071359 PMCID: PMC8770423 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.791646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification of the aortic valve is one of the most rapidly increasing pathologies in the aging population worldwide. Traditionally associated to cardiovascular risk conditions, this pathology is still relatively unaddressed on a molecular/cellular standpoint and there are no available treatments to retard its progression unless valve substitution. In this review, we will describe some of the most involved inflammatory players, the metabolic changes that may be responsible of epigenetic modifications and the gender-related differences in the onset of the disease. A better understanding of these aspects and their integration into a unique pathophysiology context is relevant to improve current therapies and patients management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ferrari
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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2
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Akbar N, Forteath C, Hussain MS, Reyskens K, Belch JJF, Lang CC, Mordi IR, Bhalraam U, Arthur JSC, Khan F. Mitogen and Stress-Activated Kinases 1 and 2 Mediate Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168655. [PMID: 34445361 PMCID: PMC8395442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation promotes endothelial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined in vivo. Using translational vascular function testing in myocardial infarction patients, a situation where inflammation is prevalent, and knock-out (KO) mouse models we demonstrate a role for mitogen-activated-protein-kinases (MAPKs) in endothelial dysfunction. Myocardial infarction significantly lowers mitogen and stress kinase 1/2 (MSK1/2) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and diminished endothelial function. To further understand the role of MSK1/2 in vascular function we developed in vivo animal models to assess vascular responses to vasoactive drugs using laser Doppler imaging. Genetic deficiency of MSK1/2 in mice increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted endothelial dysfunction, through attenuated production of nitric oxide (NO), which were further exacerbated by cholesterol feeding. MSK1/2 are activated by toll-like receptors through MyD88. MyD88 KO mice showed preserved endothelial function and reduced plasma cytokine expression, despite significant hypercholesterolemia. MSK1/2 kinases interact with MAPK-activated proteins 2/3 (MAPKAP2/3), which limit cytokine synthesis. Cholesterol-fed MAPKAP2/3 KO mice showed reduced plasma cytokine expression and preservation of endothelial function. MSK1/2 plays a significant role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and may provide a novel target for intervention to reduce vascular inflammation. Activation of MSK1/2 could reduce pro-inflammatory responses and preserve endothelial vasodilator function before development of significant vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Akbar
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.F.); (M.S.H.); (J.J.F.B.); (U.B.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (F.K.); Tel.: +44-13-8238-3531 (F.K.); Fax: +44-13-8263-2333 (F.K.)
| | - Calum Forteath
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.F.); (M.S.H.); (J.J.F.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Muhammad S. Hussain
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.F.); (M.S.H.); (J.J.F.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Kathleen Reyskens
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (K.R.); (J.S.C.A.)
| | - Jill J. F. Belch
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.F.); (M.S.H.); (J.J.F.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Chim C. Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.C.L.); (I.R.M.)
| | - Ify R. Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.C.L.); (I.R.M.)
| | - U Bhalraam
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.F.); (M.S.H.); (J.J.F.B.); (U.B.)
| | - J. Simon C. Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (K.R.); (J.S.C.A.)
| | - Faisel Khan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; (C.F.); (M.S.H.); (J.J.F.B.); (U.B.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (F.K.); Tel.: +44-13-8238-3531 (F.K.); Fax: +44-13-8263-2333 (F.K.)
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Reis DRA, Medeiros-Fonseca B, Costa JM, de Oliveira Neto CP, Gil da Costa RM, Oliveira PA, Medeiros R, Bastos MMSM, Brito HO, Brito LMO. HPV infection as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: A connecting hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109979. [PMID: 32570162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atheromatous plaques occurring in large arteries are common and life-threatening lesions. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of atheromatous plaques, such as hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia, high blood pressure and chronic systemic inflammation. Recent findings have suggested that infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) may increase the risk of developing atheromatous plaques. However, HPV is considered a tissue-specific virus with a strong tropism towards squamous epithelial cells, and the mechanisms whereby it may promote the development of atheromas remain unclear. Here, we propose a connecting hypothesis to explain the possible causative role of HPV on atheroma development. We hypothesize that HPV infection may promote atheroma formation in infected patients by enhancing systemic inflammation or by directly targeting blood vessels via nucleic acids carried by extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. The pro-inflammatory effects of HPV and the release of extracellular vesicles by HPV-transformed cells are well documented in scientific literature. Possible experimental approaches to test this hypothesis are also discussed, especially experiments employing transgenic mice bearing HPV16 transgenes. If correct, this hypothesis would have major implications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially due to the preventable nature of HPV infection through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R A Reis
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - B Medeiros-Fonseca
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - J M Costa
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - C P de Oliveira Neto
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - R M Gil da Costa
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Research Dept., Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North, Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M S M Bastos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H O Brito
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - L M O Brito
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Elevated Autotaxin and LPA Levels During Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associate with Systemic Immune Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121867. [PMID: 31769428 PMCID: PMC6966516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating autotaxin (ATX) is elevated in persons with liver disease, particularly in the setting of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV/HIV infection. It is thought that plasma ATX levels are, in part, attributable to impaired liver clearance that is secondary to fibrotic liver disease. In a discovery data set, we identified plasma ATX to be associated with parameters of systemic immune activation during chronic HCV and HCV/HIV infection. We and others have observed a partial normalization of ATX levels within months of starting interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) HCV therapy, consistent with a non-fibrotic liver disease contribution to elevated ATX levels, or HCV-mediated hepatocyte activation. Relationships between ATX, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and parameters of systemic immune activation will be discussed in the context of HCV infection, age, immune health, liver health, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Gram H. The long and winding road in pharmaceutical development of canakinumab from rare genetic autoinflammatory syndromes to myocardial infarction and cancer. Pharmacol Res 2019; 154:104139. [PMID: 30648616 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is an ancient and evolutionary conserved cytokine, which orchestrates innate immune responses triggered by infections in vertebrates. While temporally limited induction of IL-1β protects the organism against traumatic or infectious insults, its chronic production in unabated inflammation causes or enhances clinical manifestations of disease in almost all organ systems. Therefore, pharmacological targeting of IL-1β in a variety of clinical inflammatory conditions may provide symptomatic relief or profound disease modification. The discovery of proteolytic processing of the inactive pro-IL-1β to mature, active and secreted IL-1β by the inflammasome/caspase 1 complex entailed a number of drug discovery programs aiming towards low molecular weight inhibitors across the Pharma industry. Approved and marketed IL-1 pathway drugs today, however, are protein-based injectable drugs ("biologics") targeting either IL-1β, or the IL-1 receptor. Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds human IL-1β with high affinity and neutralizes its biological activity. This review describes the unique preclinical and clinical development journey of canakinumab starting from a rare genetic autoinflammatory disease and a systemic juvenile form of arthritis to further rare monogenetic periodic fever syndromes, and leading to non-orphan diseases, such as gout, myocardial infarction, and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Gram
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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6
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Khan R, Rheaume E, Tardif JC. Examining the Role of and Treatment Directed at IL-1β in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported that the IL-1β + 3954C/T polymorphism (rs1143634) is related to myocardial infarction (MI). To classify the association between IL-1β + 3954C/T and MI susceptibility, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODS We retrieved relevant literature from electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated with a fixed effect model or a random effect model. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias results are also presented. RESULTS Nine eligible studies (2299 controls and 2203 cases) were included. The pooled results showed a significant relationship between MI and IL-1β + 3954C/T in an allelic comparison (T vs C: OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25, I = 0%, PH = .448) and in a dominant model (TC + TT vs CC: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.30, I = 0%, PH = .880). Ethnic subgroup analysis showed similar results in Caucasian populations: an allelic comparison (T vs C: OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.29, I = 0%, PH = .701), homozygote model (TT vs CC: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.04-1.79, I = 0%, PH = .673), and dominant model (TC + TT vs CC: OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.33, I = 0%, PH = .851). In addition, similar effects remained in subgroups analyses of high-quality studies and PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) data. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis proved that IL-1β + 3954C/T is associated with MI susceptibility, especially among Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Fang
- Xiamen University Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital
| | - Huabin Xie
- Xiamen University Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital
| | - Zhiyuan Lin
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Esfahani M, Saidijam M, Goodarzi MT, Movahedian A, Najafi R. Salusin-α attenuates inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1314-1323. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Inflammatory Exerkines in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061260. [PMID: 28608819 PMCID: PMC5486082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many cardiovascular (CVD) medications, such as antithrombotics, statins, and antihypertensives, have been identified to treat atherosclerosis, at most, many of these therapeutic agents only delay its progression. A growing body of evidence suggests physical exercise could be implemented as a non-pharmacologic treatment due to its pro-metabolic, multisystemic, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Specifically, it has been discovered that certain anti-inflammatory peptides, metabolites, and RNA species (collectively termed “exerkines”) are released in response to exercise that could facilitate these benefits and could serve as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. However, much of the relationship between exercise and these exerkines remains unanswered, and there are several challenges in the discovery and validation of these exerkines. This review primarily highlights major anti-inflammatory exerkines that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. To provide some context and comparison for the therapeutic potential of exerkines, the anti-inflammatory, multisystemic benefits of exercise, the basic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and the limited efficacies of current anti-inflammatory therapeutics for atherosclerosis are briefly summarized. Finally, key challenges and future directions for exploiting these exerkines in the treatment of atherosclerosis are discussed.
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Ghoneim MAM, Hassan AI, Mahmoud MG, Asker MS. Protective Effect of Adansonia digitata against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 27:84-95. [PMID: 26913549 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2015.1102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) was analyzed for proximate composition, amino acids, and minerals. The fruit pulp was found to be a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, and substantial quantities of K, Ca, and Mg. Amino acid analyses revealed high glutamic and aspartic acid, but the sulfur amino acids were the most limited. The present study was designed to investigate the role of Adansonia digitata (Baobab fruit pulp) against isoproterenol induced myocardial oxidative stress in experimental rats by demonstrating the changes in tissue cardiac markers, some antioxidant enzymes, interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Collagen-1, galectin-3, and serum corticosterone. The activities of enzymatic antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) in the heart tissue; additionally, histopathological examination of the heart was estimated. Male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten animals each. Group I served as normal control animal. Group II animals received isoproterenol (ISP) (85 mg/kg body weight intraperitonealy (i.p.) to develop myocardial injury. Group III were myocardial oxidative animals treated with Baobab fruit pulp (200 µg/rats/day) for 4 weeks. Group IV received Baobab fruit pulp only. The data suggested an isoproterenol increase in levels of cardiac marker enzymes [creatine kinase MB (CK- MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)], IL-1ß, MCP-1, MPO, Collagen, and galectin-3, with concomitant decrease in the activities GPX and GSH in heart tissue as well as corticosterone in serum. Baobab fruit pulp brings all the parameters to near normal level in ISP-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Histopathological examination of heart tissue of ISP-administered model rat showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and congestion in the blood vessels. However, treatment with Baobab fruit pulp (200 µg/rats/day) showed predominantly normal myocardial structure and no inflammatory cell infiltration. It has been concluded that Baobab fruit pulp has cardio protective effect against ISP-induced oxidative stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A M Ghoneim
- a Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre , Atomic Energy Authority , Giza , Egypt
| | - Amal I Hassan
- a Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre , Atomic Energy Authority , Giza , Egypt
| | - Manal G Mahmoud
- b Microbial Biotechnology Department , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohsen S Asker
- b Microbial Biotechnology Department , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
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Xu X, Si L, Xu J, Yi C, Wang F, Gu W, Zhang Y, Wang X. Asiatic acid inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by blocking interleukin-1β-activated nuclear factor-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1787-97. [PMID: 26623102 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated interleukin (IL)-1β signaling pathway is closely associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy. This study investigated whether asiatic acid (AA) could inhibit IL-1β-related hypertrophic signaling, and thus suppressing the development of cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) induced cardiac hypertrophy in C57BL/6 mice and cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes stimulated with IL-1β were used to evaluate the role of AA in cardiac hypertrophy. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB binding activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). RESULTS AA pretreatment significantly attenuated the IL-1β-induced hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes as reflected by reduction in the cardiomyocyte surface area and the inhibition of ANP mRNA expression. The protective effect of AA on IL-1β-stimulated cardiomyocytes was associated with the reduction of NF-κB binding activity. In addition, AA prevented TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. It was found that AA markedly reduced the excessive expression of IL-1β and ANP, and inhibited the activation of NF-κB in the hypertrophic myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that AA may be a novel therapeutic agent for cardiac hypertrophy. The inhibition of IL-1β-activated NF-κB signaling may be the mechanism through which AA prevents cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Linjie Si
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jing Xu
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Chenlong Yi
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Fang Wang
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Weijuan Gu
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- 1 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Institute of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224005, China ; 4 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 5 Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
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Qiao J, Wu J, Li Y, Xia Y, Chu P, Qi K, Yan Z, Yao H, Liu Y, Xu K, Zeng L. Blockage of caspase-1 activation ameliorates bone marrow inflammation in mice after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Immunol 2015; 162:84-90. [PMID: 26639193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Conditioning regimens before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), cause damage to bone marrow and inflammation. Whether inflammasomes are involved in bone marrow inflammation remains unclear. The study aims to evaluate the role of inflammasomes in bone marrow inflammation after HSCT. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after HSCT, mice were sacrificed for analysis of bone marrow inflammation, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, inflammasomes expression and caspase-1 activation. Bone marrow inflammation with neutrophils and macrophages infiltration was observed after HSCT. Secretion of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated, with increased caspase-1 activation and inflammasomes expression. Caspase-1 inhibitor administration after HSCT significantly reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into bone marrow and increased the numbers of megakaryocytes and platelets. In conclusion, inflammasomes activation is involved in bone marrow inflammation after HSCT and caspase-1 inhibition attenuates bone marrow inflammation and promoted hematopoietic reconstitution, suggesting targeting caspase-1 might be beneficial for improving HSCT outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Peipei Chu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Kunming Qi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Haina Yao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China.
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221002, China.
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13
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Platelet-activating factor modulates fat storage in the liver induced by a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:978-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Khan R, Spagnoli V, Tardif JC, L'Allier PL. Novel anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:497-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Sahlman J, Seppä J, Herder C, Peltonen M, Peuhkurinen K, Gylling H, Vanninen E, Tukiainen H, Punnonen K, Partinen M, Uusitupa M, Tuomilehto H. Effect of weight loss on inflammation in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:583-590. [PMID: 21193295 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation may be one mediating mechanism for cardiovascular diseases in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known about subclinical inflammation or the effect of lifestyle intervention on inflammation in early stages of OSA. The aim of this substudy of an existing randomized controlled trial, with post hoc analyses, was to determine the impact of lifestyle changes aimed at weight reduction on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight patients with mild OSA. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were randomized to supervised intensive lifestyle intervention group (N=28) or to control group (N=31), which received routine lifestyle advices. Circulating concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators were measured before and after the 1-year intervention. The concentrations of two pro-inflammatory mediators, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin (IL)-6, decreased significantly in both groups. Although the changes in inflammatory biomarkers favored the supervised lifestyle intervention, the only significant reduction observed between the groups was for the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). The change in hsCRP was associated with apnea-hypopnea index, and improving night-time oxygen saturation was related to tumor necrosis factor alpha. IL-1RA and IL-6 were associated with insulin metabolism. CONCLUSION Weight loss resulted in reductions in concentrations of some pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in overweight patients with mild OSA, overall favoring the supervised lifestyle intervention. These findings suggest that more intensive treatment of obesity in OSA patients might be well-justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sahlman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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16
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes built around several proteins, including NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 and NLRP6. Recognition of a diverse range of microbial, stress and damage signals by inflammasomes results in direct activation of caspase-1, which subsequently induces secretion of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines and a form of cell death called pyroptosis. Inflammasome-mediated processes are important during microbial infections and also in regulating both metabolic processes and mucosal immune responses. We review the functions of the different inflammasome complexes and discuss how aberrations in them are implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Strowig
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, Connecticut 06520, USA
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17
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Kitagaki M, Isoda K, Kamada H, Kobayashi T, Tsunoda S, Tsutsumi Y, Niida T, Kujiraoka T, Ishigami N, Ishihara M, Matsubara O, Ohsuzu F, Kikuchi M. Novel TNF-α receptor 1 antagonist treatment attenuates arterial inflammation and intimal hyperplasia in mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 19:36-46. [PMID: 22146239 DOI: 10.5551/jat.9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) participates importantly in arterial inflammation in genetically altered mice; however it remains undetermined whether a selective TNFR1 antagonist inhibits arterial inflammation and intimal hyperplasia. This study aimed to determine the effect and mechanism of a novel TNFR1 antagonist in the suppression of arterial inflammation. METHODS We investigated intimal hyperplasia in IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice two weeks after inducing femoral artery injury in an external vascular cuff model. All mice received intraperitoneal injections of TNFR1 antagonist (PEG-R1antTNF) or normal saline twice daily for 14 days. RESULTS PEG-R1antTNF treatment yielded no adverse systemic effects, and we observed no significant differences in serum cholesterol or blood pressure in either group; however, selective PEG-R1antTNF treatment significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia (19,671±4,274 vs. 11,440±3,292 µm(2); p=0.001) and the intima/media ratio (1.86±0.43 vs. 1.34±0.36; p=0.029), compared with saline injection. Immunostaining revealed that PEG-R1antTNF inhibits Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), suppressing smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and decreasing chemokine and adhesion molecule expression, and thus decreasing intimal hyperplasia and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PEG-R1antTNF suppresses SMC proliferation and inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB. This study highlights the potential therapeutic benefit of selective TNFR1 antagonist therapy in preventing intimal hyperplasia and arterial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kitagaki
- Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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18
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Ishigami N, Isoda K, Adachi T, Niida T, Kujiraoka T, Hakuno D, Kondo H, Kusuhara M, Ohsuzu F. Deficiency of CuZn superoxide dismutase promotes inflammation and alters medial structure following vascular injury. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:1009-17. [PMID: 21946535 DOI: 10.5551/jat.9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The anti-oxidant enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) metabolizes superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in vascular cells. However, the role of CuZnSOD in vascular injury remains poorly understood. METHODS Using CuZnSOD-deficient (CuZnSOD(-/-)) mice and wild-type (WT) mice, we investigated morphometric changes and the role of O(2)(-) in vascular remodeling after femoral artery injury induced by an external vascular cuff model. RESULTS Three days post-injury, inflammatory cell infiltration increased significantly. Moreover, the percent positive area of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in media were higher in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice than in WT mice (TNF-α: 34.8±8.4% versus 18.8±5.6%, p < 0.05, ICAM-1: 29.6±6.5% versus 11.0±2.8%, p < 0.05, VCAM-1: 23.5±7.5% versus 3.7±1.1%, p < 0.05). mRNA expression of iNOS was markedly increased in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice with cuff injury. Dihydroethidine staining revealed increased levels of vascular O(2)(-) in media from CuZnSOD(-/-) mice. Although neointimal formation remained unchanged, 14 days postinjury, we observed degeneration of the media, and the media/vessel wall ratio increased in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice (40.4±2.1% versus 26.8±1.4%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, SMemb/MHC-B-stained lesions increased markedly in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS CuZnSOD-deficiency promoted inflammation, expressed adhesion molecules, and altered the structure of the media post-injury. Our results suggest that O(2)(-) participates importantly in the progression of early stage vascular inflammation, resulting in vascular remodeling in media but not neointimal formation, post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Ishigami
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Gambino R, Musso G, Cassader M. Redox balance in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1325-65. [PMID: 20969475 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common liver disease in the world. It encompasses a histological spectrum, ranging from simple, nonprogressive steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While liver-related complications are confined to NASH, emerging evidence suggests both simple steatosis and NASH predispose to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is currently unknown, but accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress and altered redox balance play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. We will examine intracellular mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired oxidative free fatty acid metabolism, leading to reactive oxygen species generation; additionally, the potential pathogenetic role of extracellular sources of reactive oxygen species in NAFLD, including increased myeloperoxidase activity and oxidized low density lipoprotein accumulation, will be reviewed. We will discuss how these mechanisms converge to determine the whole pathophysiological spectrum of NAFLD, including hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatic inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and fibrogenesis. Finally, available animal and human data on treatment opportunities with older and newer antioxidant will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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20
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Sivapalaratnam S, Farrugia R, Nieuwdorp M, Langford CF, van Beem RT, Maiwald S, Zwaginga JJ, Gusnanto A, Watkins NA, Trip MD, Ouwehand WH. Identification of candidate genes linking systemic inflammation to atherosclerosis; results of a human in vivo LPS infusion study. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:64. [PMID: 21827714 PMCID: PMC3174875 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely accepted that atherosclerosis and inflammation are intimately linked. Monocytes play a key role in both of these processes and we hypothesized that activation of inflammatory pathways in monocytes would lead to, among others, proatherogenic changes in the monocyte transcriptome. Such differentially expressed genes in circulating monocytes would be strong candidates for further investigation in disease association studies. Methods Endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or saline control was infused in healthy volunteers. Monocyte RNA was isolated, processed and hybridized to Hver 2.1.1 spotted cDNA microarrays. Differential expression of key genes was confirmed by RT-PCR and results were compared to in vitro data obtained by our group to identify candidate genes. Results All subjects who received LPS experienced the anticipated clinical response indicating successful stimulation. One hour after LPS infusion, 11 genes were identified as being differentially expressed; 1 down regulated and 10 up regulated. Four hours after LPS infusion, 28 genes were identified as being differentially expressed; 3 being down regulated and 25 up regulated. No genes were significantly differentially expressed following saline infusion. Comparison with results obtained in in vitro experiments lead to the identification of 6 strong candidate genes (BATF, BID, C3aR1, IL1RN, SEC61B and SLC43A3) Conclusion In vivo endotoxin exposure of healthy individuals resulted in the identification of several candidate genes through which systemic inflammation links to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Hackett TL, Stefanowicz D, Aminuddin F, Sin DD, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, Paré PD, Sandford AJ. Effect of gene environment interactions on lung function and cardiovascular disease in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2011; 6:277-87. [PMID: 21814463 PMCID: PMC3144847 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s18279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to determine if gene-environment interactions between cigarette smoking and interleukin-6 (IL6), interferon-γ (IFNG), interleukin-1β (IL1B), or interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with lung function decline and cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL6, IFNG, IL1B, and IL1RN were genotyped in the Lung Health Study and correlated with rate of decline of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) over 5 years, baseline FEV1, serum protein levels, cardiovascular disease, and interactions with smoking. Results: The IL6 rs2069825 single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with the rate of decline of prebronchodilator FEV1 (P = 0.049), and was found to have a significant interaction (P = 0.004) with mean number of cigarettes smoked per day. There was also a significant interaction of IFNG rs2069727 with smoking on prebronchodilator (P = 0.008) and postbronchodilator (P =0.01) FEV1. The IL6 polymorphism was also associated with cardiovascular disease in heterozygous individuals (P = 0.044), and was found to have a significant interaction with smoking (P = 0.024). None of the genetic variants were associated with their respective serum protein levels. Conclusion: The results suggest interactions of IL6 rs2069825 and IFNG rs2069727 single nucleotide polymorphisms with cigarette smoking on measures of lung function. The IL6 rs2069825 single nucleotide polymorphism also interacted with smoking to affect the risk of cardiovascular disease in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillie-Louise Hackett
- University of British Columbia, James Hogg Research Laboratories, St Paul's Hospital, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in previous studies. The NLRP3 inflammasome has recently emerged as a pivotal regulator of IL-1β maturation and secretion by macrophages. Little is currently known about a possible role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis progression in vivo. We generated ApoE−/− Nlrp3−/−, ApoE−/− Asc−/− and ApoE−/− caspase-1−/− double-deficient mice, fed them a high-fat diet for 11 weeks and subsequently assessed atherosclerosis progression and plaque phenotype. No differences in atherosclerosis progression, infiltration of plaques by macrophages, nor plaque stability and phenotype across the genotypes studied were found. Our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome is not critically implicated in atherosclerosis progression in the ApoE mouse model.
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23
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Imai T, Oikawa Y, Shimada A, Oguchi S, Takamiya Y, Katsuki T, Okubo Y, Osaki T, Tahara H, Matsushima Y, Miyazaki JI, Itoh H. Proatherogenic Effect of Interleukin-18 is Exerted with High-fat Diet, but not with Normal Diet in Spontaneously Hyperlipidemic Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:1090-101. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.7567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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24
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Lee Y, Vanden Heuvel JP. Inhibition of macrophage adhesion activity by 9trans,11trans-conjugated linoleic acid. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:490-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Cauci S, Di Santolo M, Ryckman KK, Williams SM, Banfi G. Variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene IL-1RN: a novel association with the athlete status. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:29. [PMID: 20175886 PMCID: PMC2837019 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines is involved in the inflammatory and repair reactions of skeletal muscle during and after exercise. Specifically, plasma levels of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) increase dramatically after intense exercise, and accumulating evidence points to an effect of genetic polymorphisms on athletic phenotypes. Therefore, the IL-1 family cytokine genes are plausible candidate genes for athleticism. We explored whether IL-1 polymorphisms are associated with athlete status in European subjects. METHODS Genomic DNA was obtained from 205 (53 professional and 152 competitive non-professional) Italian athletes and 458 non-athlete controls. Two diallelic polymorphisms in the IL-1beta gene (IL-1B) at -511 and +3954 positions, and a variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) in intron 2 of the IL-1ra gene (IL-1RN) were assessed. RESULTS We found a 2-fold higher frequency of the IL-1RN 1/2 genotype in athletes compared to non-athlete controls (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.37-2.74, 41.0% vs. 26.4%), and a lower frequency of the 1/1 genotype (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40-0.77, 43.9% vs. 58.5%). Frequency of the IL-1RN 2/2 genotype did not differ between groups. No significant differences between athletes and controls were found for either -511 or +3954 IL-1B polymorphisms. However, the haplotype (-511)C-(+3954)T-(VNTR)2 was 3-fold more frequent in athletes than in non-athletes (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.16-7.87). Interestingly, the IL-1RN 1/2 genotype was more frequent in professional than in non-professional athletes (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.02-3.61, 52.8% vs. 36.8%). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that variants at the IL-1ra gene associate with athletic status. This confirms the crucial role that cytokine IL-1ra plays in human physical exercise. The VNTR IL-1RN polymorphism may have implications for muscle health, performance, and/or recovery capacities. Further studies are needed to assess these specific issues. As VNTR IL-1RN polymorphism is implicated in several disease conditions, athlete status may constitute a confounding variable that will need to be accounted for when examining associations of this polymorphism with disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Cauci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy.
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26
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Bujak M, Frangogiannis NG. The role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of heart disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2009; 57:165-76. [PMID: 19479203 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-009-0024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 consists of two distinct ligands, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, with indistinguishable biological activities that signal through the IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI). A naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) binds to IL-1RI without initiating signal transduction and prevents IL-1 signaling, competitively inhibiting IL-1-mediated responses. Emerging evidence suggests that the balance between IL-1 agonists and antagonists plays an essential role in a variety of cardiovascular conditions. IL-1 may play a role in atherothrombotic disease by promoting the formation of atheromatous lesions, enhancing vascular inflammation, and triggering plaque destabilization. Following myocardial infarction, IL-1 critically regulates the inflammatory response and is involved in the development of adverse remodeling by enhancing expression of matrix metalloproteinases. IL-1 signaling may also be an essential mediator in the pathogenesis of heart failure by suppressing cardiac contractility, promoting myocardial hypertrophy, and inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The present review summarizes current available data showing the significant role of IL-1 signaling in heart disease and raising the possibility that IL-1 inhibitors (such as anakinra, a nonglycosylated recombinant human IL-1Ra) may be clinically useful agents in patients with certain cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bujak
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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27
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Olofsson PS, Sheikine Y, Jatta K, Ghaderi M, Samnegård A, Eriksson P, Sirsjö A. A Functional Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Polymorphism Influences Atherosclerosis Development The Interleukin-1.BETA.:Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Balance in Atherosclerosis. Circ J 2009; 73:1531-6. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-08-1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peder S Olofsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Yuri Sheikine
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Alternative spelling: Yury Sheykin
| | - Ken Jatta
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Ann Samnegård
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital
| | - Per Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro
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28
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Iida S, Komiyama N. Balance Between Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in the Development of Atherosclerosis. Circ J 2009; 73:1401-2. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Iida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Nobuyuki Komiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
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Wingrove JA, Daniels SE, Sehnert AJ, Tingley W, Elashoff MR, Rosenberg S, Buellesfeld L, Grube E, Newby LK, Ginsburg GS, Kraus WE. Correlation of Peripheral-Blood Gene Expression With the Extent of Coronary Artery Stenosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 1:31-8. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.782730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The molecular pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) includes cytokine release and a localized inflammatory response within the vessel wall. The extent to which CAD and its severity is reflected by gene expression in circulating cells is unknown.
Methods and Results—
From an initial coronary catheterization cohort we identified 41 patients, comprising 27 cases with angiographically significant CAD and 14 controls without coronary stenosis. Whole-genome microarray analysis performed on peripheral-blood mononuclear cells yielded 526 genes with >1.3-fold differential expression (
P
<0.05) between cases and controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction on 106 genes (the 50 most significant microarray genes and 56 additional literature genes) in an independent subset of 95 patients (63 cases, 32 controls) from the same cohort yielded 14 genes (
P
<0.05) that independently discriminated CAD state in a multivariable analysis that included clinical and demographic factors. From an independent second catheterization cohort, 215 patients were selected for real-time polymerase chain reaction–based replication. A case:control subset of 107 patients (86 cases, 21 controls) replicated 11 of the 14 multivariably significant genes from the first cohort. An analysis of the 14 genes in the entire set of 215 patients demonstrated that gene expression was proportional to maximal coronary artery stenosis (
P
<0.001 by ANOVA).
Conclusions—
Gene expression in peripheral-blood cells reflects the presence and extent of CAD in patients undergoing angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Wingrove
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Susan E. Daniels
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Amy J. Sehnert
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Whittemore Tingley
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Michael R. Elashoff
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Steven Rosenberg
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Lutz Buellesfeld
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Eberhard Grube
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - L. Kristin Newby
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
| | - William E. Kraus
- From CardioDx, Palo Alto, Calif (J.A.W., S.E.D., A.J.S., W.T., M.R.E., S.R.); Helios Heart Center, Siegburg, Germany (L.B., E.G.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (L.K.N., G.S.G., W.E.K.)
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Kleemann R, Zadelaar S, Kooistra T. Cytokines and atherosclerosis: a comprehensive review of studies in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 79:360-76. [PMID: 18487233 PMCID: PMC2492729 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, inflammation has emerged as a major driving force of atherosclerotic lesion development. It is now well-established that from early lesion to vulnerable plaque formation, numerous cellular and molecular inflammatory components participate in the disease process. The most prominent cells that invade in evolving lesions are monocyte-derived macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Both cell types produce a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines) which are critically important in the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. This review summarizes the currently available information from mouse studies on the contribution of a specified group of cytokines expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, viz. interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IL-20) and macrophage-associated cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF); interferon-γ (IFN-γ); colony stimulating factors G-CSF,-M-CSF,-GM-CSF) to atherogenesis. Emphasis is put on the consistency of the effects of these cytokines, i.e. inasmuch an effect depends on the experimental approach applied (overexpression/deletion, strain, gender, dietary conditions, and disease stage). An important outcome of this survey is (i) that only for a few cytokines there is sufficient consistent data allowing classifying them as typically proatherogenic (IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, MIF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and M-CSF) or antiatherogenic (IL-10) and (ii) that some cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and GM-CSF) can exert pro- or anti-atherogenic effects depending on the experimental conditions. This knowledge can be used for improved early detection, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kleemann
- TNO-BioSciences, Gaubius-Laboratory, Department of Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, PO Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation contributes to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis and the therapeutic potential of some anti-inflammatory drugs has been evaluated for possible antiatherosclerotic effects. This review will briefly describe the mechanisms underlying the inflammation-atherosclerosis connection, the effect of various anti-inflammatory therapies on atherosclerotic disease and a sampling of the potential targets and agents under evaluation. RECENT FINDINGS Some agents with anti-inflammatory properties appear to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis or subsequent risk for cardiovascular events, while others have been disappointing. The anti-inflammatory actions of statins have been linked retrospectively with their favorable effects on atherosclerosis progression and clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular safety of COX-2 inhibitors is being assessed prospectively in patients with atherosclerosis. Potential new therapeutic agents targeting other inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress are being evaluated in animal models and clinical trials. SUMMARY Due to the contributory inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis, the properties of existing and novel anti-inflammatory agents are being carefully and actively evaluated in cardiovascular disease. Advances in our understanding of both atherosclerosis and the inflammatory contributors may play an important role in future strategies to decrease the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami P Moubayed
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Radom-Aizik S, Leu SY, Cooper DM, Zaldivar F. Serum from exercising humans suppresses t-cell cytokine production. Cytokine 2007; 40:75-81. [PMID: 17919919 PMCID: PMC2211758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise affects t-cell cytokine production. Whether or not these effects are caused by circulating factors associated with physical activity (e.g., inflammatory mediators, acidosis) is unknown. To investigate this, we incubated sera (10%), obtained from 16 young-adults before (PRE) and after (END) 30-min of exercise, with commercially available Jurkat cells, a t-lymphocyte model, that, of course, had never been exposed to an exercise milieu. After 1 and 6h in culture, we measured in the supernatant four cytokines (each known to be altered by exercise and involved in disease pathophysiology): IL-2, TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1ra. Cell proliferation was assessed with proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PNCA). Statistical analysis consisted of a linear mixed model for repeated measurement. There was no effect of exercise on t-cell production of either TGF-beta1 or IL-1ra. In contrast, both IL-2 (p=0.025) and TNF-alpha (p=0.031) production was significantly suppressed in sera from the exercising participants. The suppression of these two cytokines occurred despite the fact that PNCA significantly increased (p=0.0004) in the END serum. In conclusion, exercise alters circulating factors that can, subsequently, influence t-cell cytokine production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Bldg 25, 2nd Floor, University Children's Hospital, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Seo DM, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, West M. Of mice and men: Sparse statistical modeling in cardiovascular genomics. Ann Appl Stat 2007. [DOI: 10.1214/07-aoas110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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