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Kajikawa M, Maruhashi T, Kishimoto S, Matsui S, Hashimoto H, Takaeko Y, Yusoff FM, Kihara Y, Chayama K, Goto C, Noma K, Nakashima A, Tomiyama H, Takase B, Kohro T, Suzuki T, Ishizu T, Ueda S, Yamazaki T, Furumoto T, Kario K, Inoue T, Koba S, Watanabe K, Takemoto Y, Hano T, Sata M, Ishibashi Y, Node K, Maemura K, Ohya Y, Furukawa T, Ito H, Ikeda H, Yamashina A, Higashi Y. Target of Triglycerides as Residual Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease - Post Hoc Analysis of the FMD-J Study A. Circ J 2019; 83:1064-1071. [PMID: 30918221 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating triglyceride (TG) levels are a current focus as a residual risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. We evaluated the relationship between circulating TG levels and future CV events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were treated with conventional therapy. Methods and Results: We analyzed data for 652 patients who were enrolled in the FMD-J Study A. We investigated the associations between serum TG levels and first major CV events (death from CV cause, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome (ACS), nonfatal stroke, and CAD) for a 3-year follow-up period. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on serum TG level: low-normal (<100 mg/dL), high-normal (100-149 mg/dL), borderline hypertriglyceridemia (150-199 mg/dL), and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (≥200 mg/dL). During a median follow-up period of 46.6 months, 14 patients died (9 from CV causes), 16 had nonfatal ACS, 6 had nonfatal stroke, and 54 had CAD. The Kaplan-Meier curves for first major CV event among the 4 groups were significantly different (P=0.04). After adjustment for various confounders, serum TG level ≥100 mg/dL were significantly associated with an increased risk of first major CV events compared with serum TG level <100 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS Serum TG level may be a surrogate marker for predicting CV events in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Shogo Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Haruki Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yuji Takaeko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Chikara Goto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hiroshima International University
| | - Kensuke Noma
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital.,Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | | | - Bonpei Takase
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester
| | - Tomoko Ishizu
- Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyu School of Medicine
| | - Tsutomu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Systems, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tomoo Furumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology (DNHMED), Yamagata University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiko Takemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuzo Hano
- Department of Medical Education and Population-based Medicine, Postgraduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yutaka Ishibashi
- Department of General Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Saga University
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Yusuke Ohya
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Taiji Furukawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hisao Ikeda
- Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University
| | | | - Yukihito Higashi
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital.,Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
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Wake M, Oh A, Onishi Y, Guelfucci F, Shimasaki Y, Teramoto T. Adherence and persistence to hyperlipidemia medications in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and those with diabetes mellitus based on administrative claims data in Japan. Atherosclerosis 2018; 282:19-28. [PMID: 30669019 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Real-world data on treatment patterns in Japanese hyperlipidemia patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are lacking. METHODS This is a retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis of administrative claims data (Japan Medical Data Center [JMDC] and Medical Data Vision [MDV] databases) for patients prescribed a new hyperlipidemia medication between 2014 and 2015. Patients were followed for ≥12 months. Outcomes included prescribing patterns, persistence (discontinuations), and adherence (proportion of days covered). RESULTS Data were analyzed for 11,718 and 27,746 DM, and 4101 and 14,356 ASCVD patients from the JMDC and MDV databases, respectively. Among previously-untreated patients, index prescriptions were primarily for moderate statins in the DM (JMDC: 74.7%, MDV: 77.5%) and ASCVD (JMDC: 75.4%, MDV: 78.5%) sub-cohorts. Combinations were rarely prescribed (≤2.5%). Previously-treated patients were most frequently prescribed combinations in the DM (JMDC: 46.7%, MDV: 53.6%) and ASCVD (JMDC: 49.3%, MDV: 53.3%) sub-cohorts. Intensive statins were rarely used by previously-untreated (≤1%) or previously-treated (≤8%) patients in either sub-cohort. Approximately half of previously-untreated patients discontinued hyperlipidemia therapy within 12 months. Adherence was ≥80% across most drug classes. CONCLUSIONS Many Japanese hyperlipidemia patients with DM or ASCVD are prescribed single-agent lipid-lowering therapy. Use of intensive therapy is lower than expected, and is suggestive of under-treatment. The low persistence rates are concerning, and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Wake
- Japan Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Oh
- Japan Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Florent Guelfucci
- Health Economics and Outcome Research, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France
| | - Yukio Shimasaki
- Japan Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Treatment patterns in hyperlipidaemia patients based on administrative claim databases in Japan. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:145-152. [PMID: 29604481 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Real-world evidence on treatment of hyperlipidaemia (HLD) in Japan is limited. We aimed to describe treatment patterns, persistence with, and adherence to treatment in Japanese patients with HLD. METHODS Retrospective analyses of adult HLD patients receiving drug therapy in 2014-2015 were conducted using the Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) and Medical Data Vision (MDV) databases. Depending on their HLD treatment history, individuals were categorised as untreated (UT) or previously treated (PT), and were followed for at least 12 months. Outcomes of interest included prescribing patterns of HLD drug classes, persistence with treatment at 12 months, and adherence to treatment. RESULTS Data for 49,582 and 53,865 patients from the JMDC and MDV databases, respectively, were analysed. First-line HLD prescriptions for UT patients were predominantly for moderate statins (JMDC: 75.9%, MDV: 77.0%). PT patients most commonly received combination therapy (JMDC: 43.9%, MDV: 52.6%). Approximately half of the UT patients discontinued treatment during observation. Within each cohort, persistence rates were lower in UT patients than in PT patients (JMDC: 45.0% vs. 77.5%; MDV: 51.9% vs. 85.3%). Adherence was ≥80% across almost all HLD drug classes, and was slightly lower in the JMDC cohort than MDV cohort. CONCLUSIONS Most common prescriptions were moderate statins in UT patients and combination therapy in PT patients. The high discontinuation rate of HLD therapy in UT patients warrants further investigation and identification of methods to encourage and support long-term persistence.
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Teramoto T, Kondo A, Kiyosue A, Harada-Shiba M, Ishigaki Y, Tobita K, Kawabata Y, Ozaki A, Baccara-Dinet MT, Sata M. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in patients with hypercholesterolemia not adequately controlled with non-statin lipid-lowering therapy or the lowest strength of statin: ODYSSEY NIPPON study design and rationale. Lipids Health Dis 2017. [PMID: 28623954 PMCID: PMC5474052 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Statins are generally well-tolerated and serious side effects are infrequent, but some patients experience adverse events and reduce their statin dose or discontinue treatment altogether. Alirocumab is a highly specific, fully human monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which can produce substantial and sustained reductions of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 ODYSSEY NIPPON study will explore alirocumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) in 163 Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia who are on the lowest-strength dose of atorvastatin (5 mg/day) or are receiving a non-statin lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) (fenofibrate, bezafibrate, ezetimibe, or diet therapy alone). Hypercholesterolemia is defined as LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or non-familial hypercholesterolemia with a history of documented coronary heart disease, or ≥120 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L) in patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia classified as primary prevention category III (i.e. high-risk patients). During the 12-week double-blind treatment period, patients will be randomized (1:1:1) to receive alirocumab subcutaneously (SC) 150 mg Q4W alternating with placebo for alirocumab Q4W, or alirocumab 150 mg SC every 2 weeks (Q2W), or SC placebo Q2W. The primary efficacy endpoint is the percentage change in calculated LDL-C from baseline to week 12. The long-term safety and tolerability of alirocumab will also be investigated. Discussion The ODYSSEY NIPPON study will provide insights into the efficacy and safety of alirocumab 150 mg Q4W or 150 mg Q2W among Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia who are on the lowest-strength dose of atorvastatin, or are receiving a non-statin LLT (including diet therapy alone). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02584504
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Akira Kondo
- Asia Pacific Development, R&D, Sanofi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kiyosue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Jacobson TA, Edelman SV, Galipeau N, Shields AL, Mallya UG, Koren A, Davidson MH. Development and Content Validity of the Statin Experience Assessment Questionnaire (SEAQ)©. THE PATIENT 2017; 10:321-334. [PMID: 27981439 PMCID: PMC5422451 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-016-0211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The National Lipid Association Statin Intolerance (SI) Panel recognized the need for better understanding of the patient SI experience. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to develop a patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaire to assess a patient's experience with SI. METHODS Questionnaire development was informed via a series of research activities: literature review, concept elicitation, item generation, and content evaluation. Following the literature review and concept elicitation, a draft questionnaire was constructed and subsequently modified based on feedback from therapeutic area experts and patients via cognitive debriefing interviews. RESULTS Muscle-related symptoms were the most commonly reported symptoms associated with SI in the literature review (35 of 41 articles reviewed [85%]) and in semi-structured interviews with experts (n = 5 [100%]) and patients (n = 17 of 20 [85.0%]). Physical and other impacts of SI symptoms on daily activities were also frequently reported. A 17-item draft questionnaire was created, and cognitive debriefing with experts (n = 5) and patients (n = 15) was conducted. Overall, the items, response options, and instructions were comprehensible and positively reviewed; minor changes resulted in the 15-item Statin Experience Assessment Questionnaire (SEAQ)©. Using a 30-day recall period, the SEAQ© assesses the severity and impact of six SI symptoms (muscle ache, muscle pain, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, tiredness, and joint pain) on an 11-point numeric scale. Statin discontinuation and likelihood of discontinuation due to symptoms are assessed and scored on a yes/no and five-point verbal response scale, respectively. CONCLUSION The SEAQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry A Jacobson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Department of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Steven V Edelman
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive (111G), San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Nina Galipeau
- Adelphi Values, 290 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Alan L Shields
- Adelphi Values, 290 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Usha G Mallya
- Sanofi US, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Andrew Koren
- Sanofi US, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Michael H Davidson
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 150 E. Huron, Suite 900, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Yokomichi H, Nagai A, Hirata M, Tamakoshi A, Kiyohara Y, Kamatani Y, Muto K, Ninomiya T, Matsuda K, Kubo M, Nakamura Y, Yamagata Z. Statin use and all-cause and cancer mortality: BioBank Japan cohort. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:S84-S91. [PMID: 28196737 PMCID: PMC5350595 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are the first-line agents used to treat patients with high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, thus reducing the risk of death from arterial sclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, little is known about the effects of non-statin pharmacological interventions on mortality as well as about the potential protective effects of statin use against cancer death. This work aimed to compare all-cause and cancer mortality among patients with hyperlipidaemia who did and did not receive statin treatment. METHODS Between 2003 and 2007 fiscal years, we recruited Japanese patients diagnosed with hyperlipidaemia from 66 hospitals. Patients in our cohort were followed up for a maximum of 12 years to observe the causes of death. Kaplan-Meier estimates from the baseline were used to compare the mortality of patients based on the administered medicine. All-cause mortality were compared among patients with/without administration of statins and other agents; any-organ and colorectal cancer mortality were compared between patients with/without administration of statins. RESULTS Our cohort included 41,930 patients with mean ages of 64-66 years and mean body mass indices of 24-25 kg/m2. Patients who received statin monotherapy and were treated with lifestyle modification exhibited nearly identical survival curves, whereas statin use represented a non-significant but potentially protective effect against colorectal cancer-related mortality. The lowest mortality in this cohort was associated with resin monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Mortality rate has been similar for patients treated with statin monotherapy and lifestyle modification. Statin monotherapy could potentially reduce any-organ- and colorectal cancer-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Akiko Nagai
- Department of Public Policy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kiyohara
- Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaori Muto
- Department of Public Policy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Tanaka A, Inaguma D, Watanabe Y, Ito E, Kamegai N, Shimogushi H, Shinjo H, Koike K, Otsuka Y, Takeda A. Two Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Who Were Successfully Weaned from Low-density Lipoprotein Apheresis after Treatment with Evolocumab. Intern Med 2017. [PMID: 28626179 PMCID: PMC5505909 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two elderly patients (a 76-year-old man and a 75-year-old woman), who had been previously diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia (at 58 and 48 years of age, respectively) underwent long-term treatment with oral therapy and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis. As their LDL cholesterol levels remained high (>150 mg/dL and >120 mg/dL, respectively) and their familial hypercholesterolemia was complicated with angina pectoris, we added evolocumab to their prescription. Thereafter, their LDL cholesterol levels decreased rapidly, and the patients were successfully weaned from LDL apheresis. Evolocumab therapy should thus be considered when LDL apheresis cannot achieve the target LDL cholesterol levels, though the prognosis of such treatment remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Tanaka
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Daijo Inaguma
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Yu Watanabe
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Eri Ito
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Naoki Kamegai
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroya Shimogushi
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Hibiki Shinjo
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Koike
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Otsuka
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
| | - Asami Takeda
- Kidney Disease Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Japan
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Bays HE, Jones PH, Orringer CE, Brown WV, Jacobson TA. National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2016. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:S1-43. [PMID: 26891998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The National Lipid Association (NLA) Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology is a yearly updated summary of principles important to the patient-centered evaluation, management, and care of patients with dyslipidemia. This summary is intended to be a "living document," with future annual updates based on emerging science, clinical considerations, and new NLA Position, Consensus, and Scientific Statements, thus providing an ongoing resource that applies the latest in medical science towards the clinical management of patients with dyslipidemia. Topics include the NLA Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia, genetics, Familial Hypercholesterolemia, secondary causes of dyslipidemia, biomarkers and advanced lipid testing, nutrition, physical activity, obesity, adiposopathy, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, lipid pharmacotherapy, lipid-altering drug interactions, lipoprotein apheresis, dyslipidemia management and treatment based upon age (children, adolescents, and older individuals), dyslipidemia considerations based upon race, ethnicity and gender, dyslipidemia and human immune virus infection, dyslipidemia and immune disorders, adherence strategies and collaborative care, and lipid-altering drugs in development. Hyperlinks direct the reader to sentinel online tables, charts, and figures relevant to lipidology, access to online atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculators, worldwide lipid guidelines, recommendations, and position/scientific statements, as well as links to online audio files, websites, slide shows, applications, continuing medical education opportunities, and patient information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | | | - Carl E Orringer
- University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Yamashita S, Masuda D, Ohama T, Arai H, Bujo H, Kagimura T, Kita T, Matsuzaki M, Saito Y, Fukushima M, Matsuzawa Y. Rationale and Design of the PROSPECTIVE Trial: Probucol Trial for Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Events in Patients with Prior Coronary Heart Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:746-56. [PMID: 26803913 PMCID: PMC7399286 DOI: 10.5551/jat.32813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of serum LDL-cholesterol by statins was shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Although intensive statin therapy significantly reduced cardiovascular risks, atherosclerotic cardiovascular events have not been completely prevented. Therefore, effective pharmacologic therapy is necessary to improve "residual risks" in combination with statins. Probucol has a potent antioxidative effect, inhibits the oxidation of LDL, and reduces xanthomas. Probucol Trial for Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Events in Patients with Prior Coronary Heart Disease (PROSPECTIVE) is a multicenter, randomized, prospective study designed to test the hypothesis that the addition of probucol to other lipid-lowering drugs will prevent cerebro- and cardiovascular events in patients with prior coronary events and high LDL cholesterol levels. STUDY DESIGN The study will recruit approximately 860 patients with a prior CHD and dyslipidemia with LDL-C level ≥140 mg/dl without any medication and those treated with any lipid-lowering drugs with LDL-C level ≥100 mg/dl. Lipid-lowering agents are continuously administered during the study period in control group, and probucol (500 mg/day, 250 mg twice daily) is added to lipid-lowering therapy in the test group. The efficacy and safety of probucol with regard to the prevention of cerebro- and cardiovascular events and the intima-media thickness of carotid arteries as a surrogate marker will be evaluated. SUMMARY PROSPECTIVE will determine whether the addition of probucol to other lipid-lowering drugs improves cerebro- and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with prior coronary heart disease. Furthermore, the safety of a long-term treatment with probucol will be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Community Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Experimental Research Medicine, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kagimura
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toru Kita
- Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Saito
- Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Bays HE. A lipidologist perspective of global lipid guidelines and recommendations, part 1: Lipid treatment targets and risk assessment. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A lipidologist perspective of global lipid guidelines and recommendations, part 2: Lipid treatment goals. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 10:240-64. [PMID: 27055955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Having knowledge of worldwide areas of harmonization and consensus regarding lipid guidelines and recommendations may provide clinicians a more global perspective on lipid management. This review examines 8 international scientific/medical organizations that have issued lipid guidelines, recommendations, and position papers: the National Lipid Association (2014), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2014), International Atherosclerosis Society (2013), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2013), Canadian Cardiovascular Society (2013), Japan Atherosclerosis Society (2012), European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (2012), and Adult Treatment Panel III (2001/2004). Part 1 of this perspective focused on sentinel components of these lipid guidelines and recommendations as applied to the role of atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, primary lipid target of therapy, other primary and secondary lipid treatment targets, and assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This part 2 examines goals of lipid-altering therapy. While lipid guidelines and recommendations may differ regarding ASCVD risk assessment and lipid treatment goals, lipid guidelines and recommendations generally agree on the need to reduce atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with statins being the first-line treatment of choice.
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Bays HE, Jones PH, Brown WV, Jacobson TA. National Lipid Association Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2015. J Clin Lipidol 2014; 8:S1-36. [PMID: 25523435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The National Lipid Association (NLA) Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology 2015 is a summary of principles important to the patient-centered evaluation, management, and care of patients with dyslipidemia. This summary is intended to be a "living document," with future annual updates based on emerging science, clinical considerations, and new NLA Position and Consensus Statements. The goal is to provide clinicians an ongoing resource that translates the latest advances in medical science toward the evaluation and treatment of patients with dyslipidemia. The 2015 NLA Annual Summary of Clinical Lipidology was founded on the principles of evidence-based medicine and is generally consistent with established national and international lipid guidelines. Topics include a general discussion of the 2014 NLA Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia, genetics, secondary causes of dyslipidemia, biomarkers and "advanced lipid testing," medical nutrition, physical activity, obesity, pharmacotherapy, statin safety, lipid-altering drug interactions, lipoprotein apheresis, dyslipidemia in children and adolescence, dyslipidemia in older individuals, race/ethnicity, and women, health information technology and electronic medical records, as well as investigational lipid-altering drugs in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Wang KL, Wu CH, Wang KF, Chang CC, Chen LC, Lu TM, Lin SJ, Chiang CE. The association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment, physician and patient attitudes and perceptions, and healthcare policy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:1044-54. [PMID: 24882620 DOI: 10.5551/jat.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Withholding effective treatment is clinically prevalent. The CEntralized Pan-Asian survey on tHE Under-treatment of hypercholeSterolemia (CEPHEUS-PA) indicated suboptimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment in Taiwan, which may be attributable to clinical inertia. We herein analyzed the Taiwanese cohort in the CEPHEUS-PA to identify key elements regarding clinical inertia and unsatisfactory LDL-C control. METHODS A questionnaire regarding the attitudes and perceptions for each physician and patient was included in the CEPHEUS-PA. Physicians completed the physician questionnaire before enrolling patients, who completed the patient questionnaire before the assessment. RESULTS The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline was used by 81.8% of physicians to establish the individual therapeutic targets; 50.2% of patients failed to take medications persistently. Regarding perceptions to hypercholesterolemia management, 75.9% of physicians were confident of having a sufficient number of patients at cholesterol targets; 80.2% and 65.9% of patients felt satisfied and motivated, respectively, but 46.0% had no strong feeling. The healthcare reimbursement policy used for treatment guidance was a significant determinant for LDL-C goal attainment (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.69, P=0.006) in addition to patient compliance. Low patient involvement indexed by having no strong feeling was associated with poor LDL-C control (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95, P=0.020). CONCLUSIONS The referenced healthcare reimbursement policy, poor patient compliance, and low patient involvement with hypercholesterolemia management were associated with failure of LDL-C control. Our findings highlight the need to overcome those barriers to improve the under-treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ling Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
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