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Tanaka T, Maruyama S, Chishima N, Akiyama H, Shimamoto K, Inokuchi S, Yokota K, Ozaki A. Population characteristics and diagnosis rate of chronic kidney disease by eGFR and proteinuria in Japanese clinical practice: an observational database study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5172. [PMID: 38431648 PMCID: PMC10908847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) guidelines recommend early identification and intervention to delay the progression of CKD. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) heatmap is widely used for risk evaluation in CKD management; however, real-world evidence on clinical characteristics based on the KDIGO heatmap remains limited worldwide including Japan. In order to understand the management of CKD including its diagnostic rates in a Japanese clinical setting on the basis of KDIGO heatmap, we utilized a medical record database that contains estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine protein data. Adult individuals (≥ 18 years) with two eGFR results of < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, 90-360 days apart, were included. Approximately half of patients (452,996/788,059) had proteinuria test results and 6.9% (54,073) had quantitative results. CKD diagnosis rate in patients without proteinuria data was 5.9%, with a lower rate (2.9%) in stage G2; the corresponding rates with quantitative test results were 43.5% and 31.3%, respectively. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and their prevalence increased as the eGFR and proteinuria stages progressed. This study revealed a low rate of proteinuria assessment, especially using quantitative methods, and diagnosis in individuals with suspected CKD. With emerging treatment options to prevent CKD progression and complication onset, there is a need for early evaluation and diagnosis of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca K.K., Osaka, 530-0011, Japan
| | - Koji Shimamoto
- Research and Analytics Department, Real World Data Co., Ltd., Kyoto, 600-8233, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Inokuchi
- Research and Analytics Department, Real World Data Co., Ltd., Kyoto, 600-8233, Japan
| | - Keiji Yokota
- Research and Analytics Department, Real World Data Co., Ltd., Kyoto, 600-8233, Japan
| | - Asuka Ozaki
- Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca K.K., Osaka, 530-0011, Japan.
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Tangri N, Rastogi A, Nekeman-Nan C, Hong LS, Ozaki A, Franzén S, Sofue T. Dapagliflozin Utilization in Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Real-World Effectiveness Among Patients with Lower Levels of Albuminuria in the USA and Japan. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1151-1167. [PMID: 38240949 PMCID: PMC10879247 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin have been proven effective for slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in large outcomes trials that mainly included patients with higher levels of albuminuria. Understanding the real-world utilization and effectiveness of these drugs among patients with CKD with lower levels of albuminuria can inform clinical decision-making in this population. METHODS Claims data from the USA and Japan were used to describe patients with CKD and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) < 200 mg/g who were eligible for dapagliflozin 10 mg treatment (initiators and untreated) following its approval for CKD. A quantile regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg initiation versus no initiation on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope in a propensity score-matched cohort, using a prevalent new-user design. RESULTS Dapagliflozin initiators (n = 20,407) mostly had stage 3-4 CKD (69-81% across databases). The most common comorbidities were type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. At baseline, a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor was prescribed in 53-81% of patients. Eligible but untreated patients were older and had a higher eGFR and lower comorbidity burden than initiators. Following dapagliflozin initiation, the differences in median eGFR slope between initiators and matched non-initiators were 1.07 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40-1.74) in all patients with UACR < 200 mg/g and 1.28 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI - 1.56 to 4.12) in patients with UACR < 200 mg/g without type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin 10 mg was prescribed to a broad range of patients with CKD. In patients with UACR < 200 mg/g, dapagliflozin initiation was associated with a clinically meaningful attenuation of eGFR slope compared with non-initiation. These findings supplement available clinical efficacy evidence and suggest that dapagliflozin effectiveness may extend to patients with CKD and UACR < 200 mg/g. Graphical Abstract and Video Abstract available for this article. (Video Abstract 245964 kb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Tangri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Seven Oaks General Hospital, 2LB19-2300, McPhillips Street, Winnipeg, MB, R2V 3M3, Canada.
| | - Anjay Rastogi
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Nekeman-Nan
- Epidemiology, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Asuka Ozaki
- Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca K. K., Osaka, Japan
| | - Stefan Franzén
- Medical and Payer Evidence Statistics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tadashi Sofue
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
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Tsurumi M, Ozaki A, Eto Y. A survey on the patient journey in Fabry disease in Japan. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 33:100909. [PMID: 36035889 PMCID: PMC9411675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in α-galactosidase that is frequently diagnosed late after disease onset. While previous studies have focused on the multisystem manifestations that can lead to delayed or incorrect diagnosis and management, none have investigated the entire patient journey, and few have examined the patient's disease experience. Objective To investigate the path to diagnosis from disease onset, and the impact of the disease on daily life, among individuals with FD in Japan. Methods A nationwide survey of patients with FD receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was conducted between March 27 and June 11, 2018. Participants were recruited via patient support groups or physicians. Respondents completed a questionnaire eliciting information on sociodemographic status, self-perceived health status, initial and current clinical manifestations, the process of diagnosis, and impact on their life. Responses were analyzed descriptively. Results Data from 40 respondents were analyzed (17 males and 23 females; 77.5% aged ≥30 years). Mean ERT duration was 7.7 years. Mean time from disease onset to diagnosis was 18.7 years (16.7 years [males] vs 20.3 years [females]). The final diagnosis was made most commonly by pediatricians (38%). Forty percent of respondents felt relieved and 30% felt anxious when diagnosed, and when initiating ERT, 48% felt more positive about their daily life. Nevertheless, 85% reported that treatment affected their lives/work, and most (73%) experienced difficulties in their relationships with others. Conclusion Efforts are needed to achieve early diagnosis of patients with FD in Japan, to improve clinician awareness, and improve the psychosocial issues associated with FD. Fabry disease (FD) is a rare but commonly missed genetic disease. Efforts are needed to achieve early diagnosis of patients with FD in Japan. Patients with FD experience psychosocial issues and require increased support. Patients with FD need improved understanding about FD from the people around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Tsurumi
- Rare Disease Medical, Specialty Care, Sanofi K.K., Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Asuka Ozaki
- Rare Disease Medical, Specialty Care, Sanofi K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Eto
- Advanced Clinical Research Centre, Institute of Neurological Disorders, Kawasaki, Japan
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Kaneda Y, Sakeshima K, Takahashi K, Ozaki A, Tanimoto T. Public health risks for relaxing quarantine for pet dogs entering with Ukrainian refugees. QJM 2022; 115:495-496. [PMID: 35640984 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaneda
- School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita15, Nishi7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608638, Japan
- Medical Governance Research Institute, 2-12-13, Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1080074, Japan
| | - K Sakeshima
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, William Robertson Wing, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - K Takahashi
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 1738605, Japan
| | - A Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, 2-12-13, Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1080074, Japan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, 57, Kaminodai, Jyoban-Kamiyunaga-Yamachi, Iwaki, Fukushima 9728322, Japan
| | - T Tanimoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute, 2-12-13, Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1080074, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, 57, Kaminodai, Jyoban-Kamiyunaga-Yamachi, Iwaki, Fukushima 9728322, Japan
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Sawano T, Ito N, Ozaki A, Nishikawa Y, Nonaka S, Kobashi Y, Higuchi A, Tsubokura M. Evacuation of residents in a natural disaster during the COVID-19 era. QJM 2021; 114:445-446. [PMID: 33647970 PMCID: PMC7989190 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Sawano
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 54-6, 2 Choume, Takami-cho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Banchi, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, 57 Banchi, Jyobankamiyunaga-Yamachi, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8322, Japan
- Address correspondence to Dr T. Sawano, Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan.
| | - N Ito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Banchi, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - A Ozaki
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 54-6, 2 Choume, Takami-cho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, 57 Banchi, Jyobankamiyunaga-Yamachi, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8322, Japan
| | - Y Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, 5-18, 3 Choume, Okinouchi, Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
| | - S Nonaka
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 54-6, 2 Choume, Takami-cho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
| | - Y Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Banchi, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - A Higuchi
- Medical Governance Research Institute, 12-13, 2 Choume, Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - M Tsubokura
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 54-6, 2 Choume, Takami-cho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Banchi, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
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Abiru N, Shimada A, Nishimura R, Matsuhisa M, Ozaki A, Ikegami H. Glycemic control status, diabetes management patterns, and clinical characteristics of adults with type 1 diabetes in Japan: Study of Adults' Glycemia in T1DM subanalysis. Diabetol Int 2021; 12:460-473. [PMID: 34567927 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims/introduction Type 1 diabetes is rare in the general Japanese population, but becoming more common in adults with increased longevity owing to advancements in treatment. We aimed to examine the current state of glycemic control and diabetes management using real-world data on Japanese adults with type 1 diabetes in different age groups. Materials and methods This was a subanalysis of Japanese participants from a multinational, cross-sectional, observational study of adults with type 1 diabetes aged ≥ 26 years conducted in 2018 (Study of Adults' Glycemia in T1DM). Glycemic control achievement rate and goal setting, incidence of hypoglycemia, and diabetes management of individuals aged 26‒44 years, 45‒64 years, and ≥ 65 years were summarized. Results The data on 528 participants were analyzed. The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value was 7.8% (61.3 mmol/mol). Of the participants, 25.8% achieved an HbA1c level of < 7.0% (26-44 years, 33.7%; 45‒64 years, 18.9%; and ≥ 65 years, 24.3%). In total, 71.4% participants reported ≥ 1 symptomatic hypoglycemic episode within the last 3 months, and 5.5% participants reported ≥ 1 severe hypoglycemic episode within the last 6 months. A less stringent individualized goal was set for participants aged ≥ 65 years; they had the lowest incidence of ≥ 1 symptomatic hypoglycemic episode. Insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring were used in 23.5% and 33.9% participants, respectively. Conclusion Glycemic control was suboptimal; the low incidence of severe hypoglycemia suggests careful glycemic control, balancing benefits and risks, particularly in Japanese adults aged ≥ 65 years with type 1 diabetes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-021-00504-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Advanced Preventative Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Shimada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Harada-Shiba M, Ako J, Hirayama A, Nakamura M, Nohara A, Sato K, Murakami Y, Koshida R, Ozaki A, Arai H. Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Genetic Insights from EXPLORE-J. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:1201-1212. [PMID: 34526433 PMCID: PMC9371751 DOI: 10.5551/jat.62989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Genetic testing can provide a definitive diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). However, accessibility of genetic testing may be limited in certain countries where it is not considered “standard of care,” including Japan. In addition, mutations responsible for FH cannot be identified in approximately 30% of patients.
Methods: EXPLORE-J is a multicenter, prospective, observational study of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The genetic data were analyzed and adjudicated as pathogenic, indeterminate, or nondetectable pathogenic variant.
Results: Of 1,944 patients, 431 underwent genetic screening. Overall, most patients had nonpathogenic variants ofLDLR,LDLRAP1, orPCSK9 (n=396, 91.9%). Of the 25 (5.8%) patients with pathogenic variants, variants of theLDLR gene and thePCSK9 gene were seen in 10 and 15 patients, respectively. Indeterminate variants were observed in 10 (2.3%) patients. Of the 431 patients, eight (1.9%) met the criteria for a diagnosis of FH using the Japanese Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) 2017 guidelines. When genetic data were incorporated, 33 (7.7%) patients met the JAS guidelines. No patients with FH pathogenic variants satisfied the JAS clinical criteria for a diagnosis of FH.
Conclusions: The results revealed a higher prevalence of genetic mutations of FH among Japanese patients with ACS and a low sensitivity of the FH diagnostic criteria of the JAS 2017 guidelines. These findings highlight the difficulties of FH diagnosis in patients with ACS in the acute phase and suggest the importance of genetic testing and family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University
| | | | - Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | - Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Kayoko Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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Ozaki A, Bravo-Jaimes K, Smotherman C, Kraemer DF, Samura A, Velarde GP. Sex and Racial Differences in High-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:435-441. [PMID: 33961844 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess sex and racial differences related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in those presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS Records from patients with ACS presenting to the Emergency Department of University of Florida Hospital Jacksonville from 2009 to 2012, were reviewed. Detailed medical history was obtained. HDL-C levels were measured within 72 h of presentation. Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare groups in univariate analysis. Analysis of variance was performed to determine independent predictors of higher HDL-C levels using variable selection. RESULTS Of 2400 patients screened, 614 (382 men and 232 women) met inclusion criteria. Hypertension, chronic kidney disease or prior CAD history was similar between sexes and races. Women were more likely to be older (62.4 vs 58.4 years), diabetic (56.5 vs 36.5%) and have higher body mass index (31.2 vs 30.1 kg/m2). Blacks were more likely to be diabetic (50.3 vs 41.3%). After adjusting for all clinical markers, women and blacks along with absence of CAD or diabetes, were significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels. CONCLUSIONS High HDL-C levels (> 40 mg/dL), considered cardio-protective, were seen in women and blacks with ACS more often than in men and whites. Significant differences in HDL-C levels between sexes were seen in whites but not in blacks. Relevance and quality of HDL-C levels in racial groups need further study as this may have important implications in the interpretation of current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Ozaki
- Cardiovascular Therapeutic Lead Diabetes & Cardiovascular Medical Operations, Sanofi KK, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katia Bravo-Jaimes
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carmen Smotherman
- Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Dale F Kraemer
- Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Alfred Samura
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gladys P Velarde
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
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Nakamura M, Ako J, Arai H, Hirayama A, Nohara A, Murakami Y, Ozaki A, Harada-Shiba M. Lipid Management and 2-Year Clinical Outcomes in Japanese Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: EXPLORE-J. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1307-1322. [PMID: 33612707 PMCID: PMC8629700 DOI: 10.5551/jat.59543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease has risen in Japan due to increasing metabolic risk factors, including dyslipidemia. A positive linear correlation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, incidence of CV events, and preventive effects of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is well established; however, data in Japan are limited. This analysis evaluated current lipid management practices and risk of recurrent CV events in Japanese post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.
Methods:
EXPLORE-J is a multicenter, 2-year observational study of hospitalized ACS patients in Japan.
Results:
At 2-year follow-up (
n
=1944, mean age 66 years, 80.3% male), the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; death associated with myocardial infarction/cerebrovascular accident [CVA] and other CV death, non-fatal ACS, and non-fatal CVA requiring hospitalization during the observation period) was 6.2%; respective incidences of CV death, non-fatal ACS, and CVA were 0.7%, 4.5%, and 1.7%. Statin, intensive statin, and ezetimibe were prescribed for 93.6%, 8.2%, and 3.9% at visit (V)1 (Day[D]1+14), and 92.3%, 10.5%, and 11.6% of patients at V5 (D730±30 days), respectively. Mean LDL-C was reduced from first post-ACS measurement (121.3 mg/dL) to V5 (79.8 mg/dL). A limited number of patients achieved LDL-C <70 mg/dL from V1–V5 (14.4%–34.6%); those with a greater LDL-C reduction by V1 had a lower probability of MACE, indicating the benefits of early LDL-C reduction post ACS.
Conclusions:
Guideline-recommended LDL-C target achievement post ACS in Japan is suboptimal, suggesting the need for LLT intensification. Additional analyses by risk stratification of the study population and the benefits of lipid management are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University
| | | | | | - Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa
| | | | | | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
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Uprety A, Kobashi Y, Ozaki A, Shrestha D, Ghimire B, Sedain G, Sigdel S, Higuchi A, Tsubokura M, Singh YP. Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcome Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Locking Branched Calcaneal Plate. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:29-34. [PMID: 34812154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background An introduction of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) is essential to promote surgical safety. Objective To obtain country-specific information regarding the checklist in a leading medical institution in Nepal. Method The present research was a cross-sectional study with a survey conducted among healthcare professionals working in the operation theatre at the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu, Nepal. A questionnaire was distributed to 150 healthcare professionals working in the operating theatre. Responses to the questionnaire were analysed descriptively and regression analyses used to identify factors associated with awareness of the checklist. Result In total, 127 healthcare professionals participated in the study, of whom 118 (92.9%) had been aware of the WHO SSC. A substantial proportion of participants (108, 91.5%) were not satisfied with the prevailing practice whereby the checklist was not routinely used during surgery. Lack of appropriate training was the most prevalent barrier to the checklist use (72, 67.9%), followed by unwillingness of staff to use the checklist (54, 50.9%), and lack of experience (42, 39.7%). The mean score on the survey was 6.0 out of 10. Regarding the results of the regression model on survey scores, surgeons had higher scores compared to nurses (unadjusted coefficient 0.80, 95% CI 0.20-1.40). Conclusion Most of the healthcare professionals were aware of the WHO SSC, however multiple barriers to the checklist use were identified. It is important to establish an effective use of WHO SSC in the operation theatre.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uprety
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Y Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Department of Anesthesia, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation. Iwaki City, Fukushima, 972-8322, Japan. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - A Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan. Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki City, Fukushima, 972-8322, Japan
| | - D Shrestha
- Department of Neonatology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Ghimire
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - G Sedain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Sigdel
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesiology, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Higuchi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - M Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - Y P Singh
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Sawano T, Kotera Y, Ozaki A, Murayama A, Tanimoto T, Sah R, Wang J. Underestimation of COVID-19 cases in Japan: an analysis of RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 among 47 prefectures in Japan. QJM 2020; 113:551-555. [PMID: 32573730 PMCID: PMC7454847 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under the unique Japanese policy to restrict reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a nationwide number of its confirmed cases and mortality remains to be low. Yet the information is lacking on geographical differences of these measures and their associated factors. AIM Evaluation of prefecture-based geographical differences and associated predictors for the incidence and number of RT-PCR tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). DESIGN Cross-sectional study using regression and correlation analysis. METHODS We retrieved domestic laboratory-confirmed cases, deaths and the number of RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 from 15 January to 6 April 2020 in 47 prefectures in Japan, using publicly available data by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. We did descriptive analyses of these three measures and identified significant predictors for the incidence and RT-PCR testing through multiple regression analyses and correlates with the number of deaths through correlation analysis. RESULTS The median prefectural-level incidence and number of RT-PCR testing per 100 000 population were 1.14 and 38.6, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed that significant predictors for the incidence were prefectural-level population (P < 0.001) and the number of RT-PCR testing (P = 0.03); and those for RT-PCR testing were the incidence (P = 0.025), available beds (P = 0.045) and cluster infections (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION Considering bidirectional association between the incidence and RT-PCR testing, there may have been an underdiagnosed population for the infection. The restraint policy for RT-PCR testing should be revisited to meet the increasing demand under the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-0024, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1247, Japan
| | - Y Kotera
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, DE22 1GB, UK
| | - A Ozaki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, 972-8322, Japan
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - A Murayama
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - T Tanimoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - R Sah
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - J Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Ozaki A, Elstow L, Murakami M, Tsubokura M, Abeysinghe S. Lessons learned from Fukushima, Japan: in what ways can the social sciences help to mitigate some of the health impacts of disaster? QJM 2020; 113:237-238. [PMID: 31250020 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - L Elstow
- Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - M Tsubokura
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - S Abeysinghe
- Global Health Policy Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Harada-Shiba M, Ako J, Arai H, Hirayama A, Murakami Y, Nohara A, Ozaki A, Uno K, Nakamura M. Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Japan: Results of the EXPLORE-J study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 277:362-368. [PMID: 30270072 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a common genetic disorder with a high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), is high among CAD patients; however, data on FH prevalence among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are limited. EXPLORE-J is the largest registry to diagnose FH among Japanese ACS patients using the 2012 Japan Atherosclerosis Society guidelines. METHODS This prospective study consecutively recruited patients between April 2015 and August 2016 at 59 sites. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, family history of premature CAD, presence of tendon xanthomas, and Achilles tendon radiograms were recorded at baseline. The prevalence rate of FH in patients with ACS was estimated with 95% CI. RESULTS Of 1944 analyzed patients (mean age, 66.0 years; men, 80.3%), 52 (2.7% [95% CI: 2.0-3.5]) had FH. Thirty-one (1.6%) had LDL-C ≥180 mg/dL and Achilles tendon thickness (ATT) ≥9 mm, 8 (0.4%) had LDL-C ≥180 mg/dL and family history of premature CAD, 10 (0.5%) had ATT ≥9 mm and family history of premature CAD, and 3 (0.2%) met all the criteria. FH patients were younger than those without FH (59.5 [12.5] vs. 66.2 [12.1] years; p < 0.001). More patients with premature ACS (men, <55 years; women, <65 years) than without (4.7% [95% CI: 2.9-7.2] vs. 2.1% [1.4-3.0]) had FH. CONCLUSIONS FH prevalence is at least five-fold higher in ACS patients than in the general population, especially in patients with premature ACS onset and ATT ≥9 mm. FH screening in ACS patients is therefore clinically important and critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Arai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Murakami
- Department of Medical Statistics, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa University of Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Asuka Ozaki
- Sanofi, Tokyo Opera City Tower, 3-20-2 Nishi Shinjuku, Tokyo, 163-1488, Japan.
| | - Kiyoko Uno
- Sanofi, Tokyo Opera City Tower, 3-20-2 Nishi Shinjuku, Tokyo, 163-1488, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6 Ohashi Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
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14
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Higuchi A, Takita M, Ozaki A, Kimura H, Watanabe M. Forced sterilization during post-war era in Japan. QJM 2019; 112:829. [PMID: 31168577 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Higuchi
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Takita
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
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15
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Nakamura M, Ako J, Arai H, Hirayama A, Nohara A, Uno K, Ozaki A, Harada-Shiba M. P827EXPLORE-J: Lipid management and 2-year long-term clinical outcome in Japanese patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The cardiovascular event rate in Japan is much lower than that in Western countries. However, the incidence of atherosclerotic CV disease and its burden are expected to increase in the Japanese society with rapid aging, westernization of lifestyles and metabolic derangement. An increase in patients with CAD has been remarkable in spite of various preventive measures. The positive linear correlation of LDL-C level with CAD incidence along with LDL-C lowering and CAD event reduction is established by large-scale studies in Western countries, but data in Japan are limited. EXPLORE-J, observational study, was conducted to gain insights into the relationship between LDL-C management and CV events in the Japanese ACS patients.
Purpose
The primary objective was to evaluate the status of post-ACS lipid management and CV events in Japan.
Method
ACS patients aged ≥20 years were enrolled and followed up for 2 years. The primary endpoint was the incidence proportion of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including CV death (death associated with MI/stroke and other CV deaths), non-fatal ACS/stroke requiring hospitalization during the observation period. Other endpoints were medications and metabolic parameters. Additional stratified analyses of MACE incidence proportions by median LDL-C reduction category (above/below absolute or % reduction) from the first measurement after ACS to V1 (Day 1 + 14 days) was also conducted.
Result
Of the 2016 registered patients, 1944 were analyzed. The mean age and BMI were 66.0 years and 24.2 kg/m2, respectively. At 2-year follow up, the cumulative incidence proportion of MACE was 6.8%. The cumulative incidence proportions of CV death, non-fatal ACS and stroke were 0.7%, 4.5% and 1.7%, respectively. Statin, intensive statin, and ezetimibe were prescribed, respectively, to 93.6%, 8.2%, and 3.9% at V1, and 92.3%, 10.5%, and 11.6% at V5 (Day 730±30 days).
The mean LDL-C levels were 121.2, 99.4, 80.9, and 79.8 mg/dL at the first measurement after ACS, V1, V2 (Day 30±7 days) and V5, respectively. The proportions of patients who achieved LDL-C <70 and <100 mg/dL at V1 and V5 were 14.4% to 34.6% and 56.5% to 82.8%, respectively. The incidence rate of MACE was lower among patients with larger than median absolute reduction in LDL-C level than among those with smaller reduction (median −17.0 mg/dL; 5.5% vs 8.3%, p=0.0435). The same trend was observed in patients with higher LDL-C reduction rate (median −15.36%; 6.3% vs 7.6%, p=0.4302).
Kaplan-Meier estimates of MACE incidence
Conclusion
The results show the status of medical management and CV event rates in post-ACS Japanese patients. It also shows that half of the ACS patients did not achieve the recommended LDL-C levels of <70 mg/dL per guidelines, indicating the need to intensify lipid lowering therapy. To further characterize and quantify the patient population and the benefit of lipid management, we plan to conduct additional analyses with risk stratification of the population.
Acknowledgement/Funding
This study was sponsored by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakamura
- Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Ako
- Kitasato University, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - H Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Hirayama
- Osaka Police Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Nohara
- Kanazawa University of Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Lipidology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - K Uno
- Sanofi K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - M Harada-Shiba
- National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, Osaka, Japan
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Saito H, Tani Y, Ozaki A, Sawano T, Shimada Y, Yamamoto K, Tanimoto T. Financial ties between authors of the clinical practice guidelines and pharmaceutical companies: an example from Japan. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1304-1306. [PMID: 31401175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Y Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - T Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Y Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tanimoto
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Sawano T, Ozaki A, Hori A, Tsubokura M. Combating 'fake news' and social stigma after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident-the importance of accurate longitudinal clinical data. QJM 2019; 112:479-481. [PMID: 30778551 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - A Ozaki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - A Hori
- Hori Mental Clinic, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster and Comprehensive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Tsubokura
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
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18
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Kajinami K, Ozaki A, Tajima Y, Yamashita S, Arai H, Teramoto T. Real-World Data to Identify Hypercholesterolemia Patients on Suboptimal Statin Therapy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:408-431. [PMID: 30369517 PMCID: PMC6514177 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Statins are generally well-tolerated but some patients develop adverse events and down-titrate or discontinue statins. It is important to understand the frequency of dyslipidemia patients with the inability to continue statins. The aim of the present study was to identify the frequency of high-risk dyslipidemia patients who are unable to take or not taking statins for any reason using Japanese hospital claims database. METHODS 2,527,405 dyslipidemia patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were investigated between April 2008 and September 2017. Definition 1 included statin discontinuation or down-titration with non-statin lipid modifying therapy (LMT) prescription, rhabdomyolysis or muscle-related symptoms with statin down-titration or discontinuation, or prescription for ≥3 statin types. Definition 2 included all components of Definition 1 in addition to statin down-titration or discontinuation for any reason. Patients never given statins but who started non-statin LMT were considered as Definition 3. The achievement rate of the target LDL-C level was investigated. RESULTS Among 54,296 patients with statin prescription, 2.32% and 48.38% patients were identified as Definition 1 and 2, respectively. Of eligible patients, 13.16% patients were identified as Definition 3. The achievement rate of target LDL-C level was lower in patients meeting each definition than not satisfying each definition. CONCLUSIONS There is a proportion of high-risk dyslipidemia patients unable to take or not taking statins for any reason, and it is associated with lower achievement rates of target LDL-C levels. Suboptimal management of LDL-C is directly associated with residual cardiovascular risk and implementation of alternative therapeutic options in addition to existing LMT is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Kajinami
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine & Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Terauchi Y, Ozaki A, Zhao X, Teoh C, Jaffe D, Tajima Y, Shuto Y. Humanistic and economic burden of cardiovascular disease related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 149:115-125. [PMID: 30685348 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to examine the humanistic and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among respondents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Japan. METHODS This study used the Japan National Health and Wellness Survey 2016 database. Respondents who self-reported a physician-diagnosed T2D were included. Respondents with or without the condition of interest (CVD-related comorbidities or hypoglycaemia) were compared via generalized linear models in terms of the outcome variables: (1) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), (2) work productivity and activity impairment, (3) healthcare resource utilization and (4) economic costs. RESULTS A total of 1478 survey respondents reported a diagnosis of T2D (mean age 63.6 ± 10.6 years, mean HbA1c 6.91 ± 1.1%). Of whom, 804 subjects (54.4%) had at least one CVD related comorbidities, and 369 subjects (29.3%) reported experiences of hypoglycaemia episodes. Patients with CVD-related comorbidities or hypoglycaemia episodes had worse HRQoL, more work and activity impairment, increased health care visits, and higher costs. CONCLUSIONS CVD related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia remains a significant humanistic and economic burden in patients with T2D. The findings suggested that appropriate T2D management with proper medication choice are important to control CVD related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among T2D patients to alleviate the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Terauchi
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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20
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Nakamura M, Ako J, Arai H, Hirayama A, Murakami Y, Nohara A, Uno K, Ozaki A, Harada-Shiba M. Investigation into Lipid Management in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients from the EXPLORE-J Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:559-572. [PMID: 30518728 PMCID: PMC6545456 DOI: 10.5551/jat.45583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The EXPLORE-J study aimed to assess lipid management in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and their cardiovascular risk despite undergoing standard therapy. Here, we focused on background characteristics of patients in the EXPLORE-J study to elucidate the current lipid-lowering therapy and its issues in Japan. Methods: In this multicenter, prospective, observational study (UMIN000018946), consecutive Japanese ACS patients who required hospitalization were registered between April 2015 and August 2016. Background and lipid profile data collected within 14 days of hospitalization were analyzed according to risk factors such as diabetes mellitus status. Results: In total, 1944 patients were analyzed (80.3% male). The mean and standard deviation (SD) age and body mass index of all patients were 66.0 years (SD: 12.2) and 24.24 kg/m2 (SD: 3.59), respectively. The most common lipid-modifying medication used at the time of ACS was statins (27.3%). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (first measurement after hospitalization) of patients overall was 121.2 mg/dL (SD: 39.7); 30.3% had an LDL-C level < 100 mg/dL (current target level for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in Japan), compared with 52.1% of patients with a previous history of coronary artery disease (CAD), and 57.2% of patients with a history of CAD and diabetes. Conclusions: Many patients were not meeting Japanese LDL-C target levels at the time of ACS, and a large proportion of patients meeting target levels developed ACS; therefore, more stringent management and further evaluation of the target LDL-C levels is warranted in high-risk patients and those with previous history of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Hidenori Arai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | | | | | - Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Lipidology, Kanazawa University of Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kiyoko Uno
- Cardiovascular Medical, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Medical Operations, Sanofi
| | - Asuka Ozaki
- Cardiovascular Medical, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Medical Operations, Sanofi
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
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21
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Teramoto T, Kiyosue A, Ishigaki Y, Harada-Shiba M, Kawabata Y, Ozaki A, Baccara-Dinet MT, Sata M. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab 150mg every 4 weeks in hypercholesterolemic patients on non-statin lipid-lowering therapy or lowest strength dose of statin: ODYSSEY NIPPON. J Cardiol 2018; 73:218-227. [PMID: 30509509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alirocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, given every 2 weeks (Q2W), significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients on background statin. We evaluated alirocumab 150mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) in patients on lowest-dose statin or non-statin lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). METHODS ODYSSEY NIPPON was a double-blind study conducted in Japanese patients with LDL-C ≥100mg/dL (heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or non-familial hypercholesterolemia with coronary heart disease) or ≥120mg/dL (non-familial hypercholesterolemia, Japan Atherosclerosis Society category III) on atorvastatin 5mg/day or non-statin LLT. Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to subcutaneous alirocumab 150mg Q4W, alirocumab 150mg Q2W, or placebo for the 12-week double-blind treatment period (DBTP), followed by a 52-week open-label treatment period (OLTP). At entry into the OLTP, patients received alirocumab 150mg Q4W, with possible up-titration to 150mg Q2W at Week 24. RESULTS Least-square mean percent change in LDL-C from baseline at Week 12 (primary efficacy endpoint) was -43.8% for alirocumab Q4W, -70.1% for Q2W, and -4.3% for placebo. During the OLTP, mean LDL-C change from baseline was -45.1% at Week 20, with a further reduction at Week 36, with achieved levels maintained to Week 64. Percent of patients with ≥1 adverse event (DBTP) was 51.9% with alirocumab Q4W, 47.2% with Q2W, and 46.4% with placebo. Most common adverse events were infections and infestations (25.9%, 22.6%, 17.9%, respectively), gastrointestinal disorders (13.0%, 9.4%, 12.5%), nervous system disorders (5.6%, 7.5%, 10.7%), and general disorders and administration-site conditions (3.7%, 11.3%, 5.4%). CONCLUSIONS Hypercholesterolemic Japanese patients who tolerate only lowest-strength dose statin or non-statin LLT can achieve robust LDL-C reduction with alirocumab 150mg Q4W, in addition to their current LLT. Alirocumab 150mg Q4W dosing was efficacious and generally well tolerated without new safety concerns. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02584504).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Arihiro Kiyosue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kawabata
- Clinical Sciences and Operations, R&D, Sanofi Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Ozaki
- Cardiovascular Medical, Sanofi Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Ozaki A, Shimada Y, Yamamoto K, Hori A, Sawano T, Morita T, Leppold C, Tanimoto T, Tsubokura M. Death of the sole doctor at Takano Hospital 6 years after the Fukushima nuclear crisis-who is responsible for health care delivery in the Fukushima disaster zone? QJM 2018; 111:79-81. [PMID: 28339717 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033
| | - Y Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033
| | - A Hori
- Hori Mental Clinic, Fukushima 979-2335
| | - T Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033
| | - T Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
| | - C Leppold
- Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK
| | - T Tanimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima 972-8322, Japan
| | - M Tsubokura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
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Teramoto T, Kai T, Ozaki A, Crawford B, Arai H, Yamashita S. Treatment Patterns and Lipid Profile in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Japan. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:580-592. [PMID: 29353825 PMCID: PMC6055040 DOI: 10.5551/jat.41483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the epidemiology and real-world treatment patterns associated with lipid-modifying therapies (LMTs) among groups of Japanese patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using an electronic hospital-based administrative claims database and electronic medical records. Patients with existing diagnosis of FH (FH-D) and patients with suspected FH (FH-S) defined by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 190 mg/dL were included, and medical records of hospitals across Japan were analyzed to assess the diagnostic status, management of LDL-C levels, and treatment patterns. Results: Among the 3,495 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 193 patients were FH-D and 3,339 patients were FH-S. Among them, 83.5% had not achieved the LDL-C of < 100 mg/dL recommended for patients with FH at the index date. Mean LDL-C levels for all patients and for FH-D and FH-S patients were 145.8 mg/dL, 119.2 mg/dL, and 147.6 mg/dL, respectively. 44.5% of the patients were not currently treated with LMTs. High-intensity statins were used only in 19.2% and 2.3% of the FH-D and FH-S patients, respectively. Furthermore, among the FH-D and FH-S statin-treated patients, 61 (69.3%) and 1,059 (89.7%) remained on monotherapy even when their LDL-C was ≥ 100 mg/dL. Conclusions: Treatment and management of LDL-C in Japanese FH patients remain suboptimal. The results suggest that FH is underdiagnosed in real-world, routine clinical practice in Japan. There is an urgent need to improve the diagnostic rate of FH and to provide the appropriate therapy to achieve the recommended LDL-C levels of < 100 mg/dL or a more than 50% reduction for patients with FH in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahito Kai
- Diabetes & Cardiovascular Medical Operations, Sanofi
| | - Asuka Ozaki
- Diabetes & Cardiovascular Medical Operations, Sanofi
| | | | | | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Rinku General Medical Center.,Department of Community Medicine & Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Joseph L, Gomes M, Al Solaiman F, Miro-Casas E, St John J, Ozaki A, Raju M, Dhariwal M, Kim E. External validation of the HIT Expert Probability (HEP) score. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:633-40. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-05-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) can be challenging. The HIT Expert Probability (HEP) Score has recently been proposed to aid in the diagnosis of HIT. We sought to externally and prospectively validate the HEP score. We prospectively assessed pretest probability of HIT for 51 consecutive patients referred to our Consultative Service for evaluation of possible HIT between August 1, 2012 and February 1, 2013. Two Vascular Medicine fellows independently applied the 4T and HEP scores for each patient. Two independent HIT expert adjudicators rendered a diagnosis of HIT likely or unlikely. The median (interquartile range) of 4T and HEP scores were 4.5 (3.0, 6.0) and 5 (3.0, 8.5), respectively. There were no significant differences between area under receiver-operating characteristic curves of 4T and HEP scores against the gold standard, confirmed HIT [defined as positive serotonin release assay and positive anti-PF4/heparin ELISA] (0.74 vs 0.73, p = 0.97). HEP score ≥ 2 was 100 % sensitive and 16 % specific for determining the presence of confirmed HIT while a 4T score > 3 was 93 % sensitive and 35 % specific. In conclusion, the HEP and 4T scores are excellent screening pretest probability models for HIT, however, in this prospective validation study, test characteristics for the diagnosis of HIT based on confirmatory laboratory testing and expert opinion are similar. Given the complexity of the HEP scoring model compared to that of the 4T score, further validation of the HEP score is warranted prior to widespread clinical acceptance.
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Takahashi M, Tabu H, Ozaki A, Hamano T, Takeshima T. A prospective comparative study between SSRI and SNRI treatment on depressive patients with Parkinson diseases (Reborn Study). J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ozaki A, Morita T, Nishikawa Y, Leppold C, Sawano T, Shimada Y. Tsunami in 2011 to the earthquake in 2016 in Fukushima-are we better prepared? QJM 2017; 110:543-544. [PMID: 28339600 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033
| | - T Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
| | - Y Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
| | - C Leppold
- Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK
| | - T Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033
| | - Y Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
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Jahiruddin M, Xie Y, Ozaki A, Islam MR, Nguyen TV, Kurosawa K. Arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium concentrations in irrigated and rain-fed rice and their dietary intake implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.17.11.07.pne408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Teramoto T, Kondo A, Kiyosue A, Harada-Shiba M, Ishigaki Y, Tobita K, Kawabata Y, Ozaki A, Baccara-Dinet MT, Sata M. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in patients with hypercholesterolemia not adequately controlled with non-statin lipid-lowering therapy or the lowest strength of statin: ODYSSEY NIPPON study design and rationale. Lipids Health Dis 2017. [PMID: 28623954 PMCID: PMC5474052 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Statins are generally well-tolerated and serious side effects are infrequent, but some patients experience adverse events and reduce their statin dose or discontinue treatment altogether. Alirocumab is a highly specific, fully human monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which can produce substantial and sustained reductions of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 ODYSSEY NIPPON study will explore alirocumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) in 163 Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia who are on the lowest-strength dose of atorvastatin (5 mg/day) or are receiving a non-statin lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) (fenofibrate, bezafibrate, ezetimibe, or diet therapy alone). Hypercholesterolemia is defined as LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or non-familial hypercholesterolemia with a history of documented coronary heart disease, or ≥120 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L) in patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia classified as primary prevention category III (i.e. high-risk patients). During the 12-week double-blind treatment period, patients will be randomized (1:1:1) to receive alirocumab subcutaneously (SC) 150 mg Q4W alternating with placebo for alirocumab Q4W, or alirocumab 150 mg SC every 2 weeks (Q2W), or SC placebo Q2W. The primary efficacy endpoint is the percentage change in calculated LDL-C from baseline to week 12. The long-term safety and tolerability of alirocumab will also be investigated. Discussion The ODYSSEY NIPPON study will provide insights into the efficacy and safety of alirocumab 150 mg Q4W or 150 mg Q2W among Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia who are on the lowest-strength dose of atorvastatin, or are receiving a non-statin LLT (including diet therapy alone). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02584504
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Akira Kondo
- Asia Pacific Development, R&D, Sanofi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kiyosue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Ozaki
- From the Department of Surgery
| | - Y Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
| | - C Leppold
- Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK
| | - M Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033
| | | | - M Kami
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - H Ohira
- From the Department of Surgery
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30
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Ozaki A, Leppold C, Tsubokura M, Sawano T, Tsukada M, Ohira H. Abstract P3-10-14: Breast cancer provider delay after the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p3-10-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Timely diagnosis and treatment is an indispensable part of breast cancer management. Delay of this process, also known as provider delay, can result in a deteriorated prognosis of affected patients. Although it has been suggested that disasters can impact cancer care and extend provider delay, there is little information available on long-term trends of breast cancer provider delay in post-disaster settings.
So-so district of Fukushima prefecture, Japan, experienced an earthquake, tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in 2011. So-so district has areas falling within the mandatory, voluntary and non-evacuation ordered zones. Due to a long-term shortage of medical staff and closure of medical institutions post-disaster, patients with breast cancer may have experienced longer provider delay in this area.
Objectives
To compare provider delay of breast cancer patients and elucidate contributing factors to delay pre- and post-disaster, in an area severely affected by Japan's 2011 triple disaster.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated data of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who undertook first medical consultation at the two main cancer centers in the non-evacuation ordered zone of So-so district from 2005 to 2016. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected from medical records. The main outcome measure was median (days) from first medical consultation to start of breast cancer-specific treatment, pre- and post-disaster, using Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate linear regression was then conducted to identify any factors which contributed to extended provider delay before and after the disaster.
Results
A total of 157 pre-disaster patients and 121 post-disaster patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the interval of median days of first medical consultation to start of first treatment pre- and post-disaster (40 vs. 39, p=0.82). Although diagnosis was made in a shorter interval post-disaster compared to pre-disaster (11 vs. 14, p=0.01) with significantly smaller median number of biopsies (1 vs. 1, p=0.001), this post-disaster improvement in diagnostic process was offset by deferred start of treatment after diagnosis (26 vs. 22, p=0.008). Among the pre-disaster patients, cancer detection by breast cancer screening program (p<0.001), being engaged in full-time job (p<0.042), and number of biopsies before diagnosis (p=0.005) contributed to longer provider delay in multivariate regression. However, consultation from other medical providers (p=0.03) was the only factor which significantly contributed to extended delay post-disaster, after controlling for multiple variables.
Conclusion
There was no significant increase in provider delay among breast cancer patients post-disaster. However, a median interval of 39 days from first medical consultation to start of treatment is much longer than other high-income countries, and shows much room for improvement in future.Introduction
Timely diagnosis and treatment is an indispensable part of breast cancer management. Delay of this process, also known as provider delay, can result in a deteriorated prognosis of affected patients. Although it has been suggested that disasters can impact cancer care and extend provider delay, there is little information available on long-term trends of breast cancer provider delay in post-disaster settings.
So-so district of Fukushima prefecture, Japan, experienced an earthquake, tsunami and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in 2011. So-so district has areas falling within the mandatory, voluntary and non-evacuation ordered zones. Due to a long-term shortage of medical staff and closure of medical institutions post-disaster, patients with breast cancer may have experienced longer provider delay in this area.
Objectives
To compare provider delay of breast cancer patients and elucidate contributing factors to delay pre- and post-disaster, in an area severely affected by Japan's 2011 triple disaster.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated data of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who undertook first medical consultation at the two main cancer centers in the non-evacuation ordered zone of So-so district from 2005 to 2016. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected from medical records. The main outcome measure was median (days) from first medical consultation to start of breast cancer-specific treatment, pre- and post-disaster, using Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate linear regression was then conducted to identify any factors which contributed to extended provider delay before and after the disaster.
Results
A total of 157 pre-disaster patients and 121 post-disaster patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the interval of median days of first medical consultation to start of first treatment pre- and post-disaster (40 vs. 39, p=0.82). Although diagnosis was made in a shorter interval post-disaster compared to pre-disaster (11 vs. 14, p=0.01) with significantly smaller median number of biopsies (1 vs. 1, p=0.001), this post-disaster improvement in diagnostic process was offset by deferred start of treatment after diagnosis (26 vs. 22, p=0.008). Among the pre-disaster patients, cancer detection by breast cancer screening program (p<0.001), being engaged in full-time job (p<0.042), and number of biopsies before diagnosis (p=0.005) contributed to longer provider delay in multivariate regression. However, consultation from other medical providers (p=0.03) was the only factor which significantly contributed to extended delay post-disaster, after controlling for multiple variables.
Conclusion
There was no significant increase in provider delay among breast cancer patients post-disaster. However, a median interval of 39 days from first medical consultation to start of treatment is much longer than other high-income countries, and shows much room for improvement in future.
Citation Format: Ozaki A, Leppold C, Tsubokura M, Sawano T, Tsukada M, Ohira H. Breast cancer provider delay after the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - C Leppold
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Tsubokura
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - T Sawano
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Tsukada
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - H Ohira
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0033, Japan
| | - T Sawano
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0033, Japan
| | - M Tsukada
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0033, Japan
| | - H Ohira
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0033, Japan
| | - C Leppold
- Department of Research, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0033, Japan
| | - T Tanimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, 972-8322, Japan.
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Ozaki A, Tsubokura M, Nomura S, Morita T, Ochi S, Kato S, Saji S, Yokota T, Leppold C, Tanimoto T, Kami M, Tsukada M, Ohira H. Abstract P6-12-04: Delayed hospital visits in patients with breast cancer after the great East Japan earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident: A retrospective comparative analysis. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p6-12-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In breast cancer, delay in first presentation and self-interruption of continuous treatment are associated with lower survival. It has been suggested that risk factors for such behavioral patterns include poor social support.
Minamisoma City, located within a 30 kilometers radius from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, has experienced rapid change in social structures following the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent power plant accident. There has been a mass evacuation among young and middle-aged generations for fear of potential irradiation, and this has resulted in the separation of families and friends. These changes may have resulted in a deterioration of social support for residents, which could consequently lead to changed patterns of behavior in diseases such as breast cancer.
Objectives
This study compared the behavioral patterns before and after the disasters in patients with breast cancer in Minamisoma City.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with breast cancer who were diagnosed from January 2008 through March 2015 in the two main cancer centers in Minamisoma City. Demographic and clinical information was extracted from medical records, including age, stage, pathological findings, treatment, and the reason for the first hospital visit. The main outcome was a change of interval from the appearance of initial symptoms to the first hospital visit before and after the disasters. We also assessed whether continuous follow-up was maintained after the disasters. We used an unpaired t-test for numerical variables and a chi-squared test for categorical variables.
Results
A total of 102 and 97 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer before and after the disasters, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups concerning average age (61 years old vs. 61 years old, p=1), stage 3 or 4 cancer (18% vs. 17%, p=0.81), invasive cancer (92% vs. 93%, p=0.87) and symptomatic patients (75% vs. 74%, p=0.74), respectively. However, after the disasters, there were significant increases in the ratio of patients with more than a one-year delay from the appearance of the initial symptom to the first hospital visit (5.4% vs. 15%, p<0.05). The patients with more than a one-year delay had a significantly higher ratio of advanced stage cancer compared with patients who visited a hospital earlier. Continuous follow-up was maintained in all patients diagnosed after the disasters.
Discussion
The characteristics of patients were not significantly different before and after the disasters, while the ratio of patients with more than a one-year delay of the first hospital visit significantly increased after the disasters. Although information on social capital and other sociodemographic factors was not available, we speculate that poor social support due to changed social structures after the disasters might contribute to delay in first presentation in symptomatic breast cancer patients. Further study is warranted to clarify the factors associated with delayed hospital visits, in order to establish effective health interventions in the aftermath of mass disasters.
Citation Format: Ozaki A, Tsubokura M, Nomura S, Morita T, Ochi S, Kato S, Saji S, Yokota T, Leppold C, Tanimoto T, Kami M, Tsukada M, Ohira H. Delayed hospital visits in patients with breast cancer after the great East Japan earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident: A retrospective comparative analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Tsubokura
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Nomura
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T Morita
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Ochi
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Kato
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Saji
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T Yokota
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C Leppold
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T Tanimoto
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Kami
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Tsukada
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - H Ohira
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwakai Group, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Velarde GP, Bravo K, Ozaki A, Smotherman C, Kraemer D, Dodani S, Joseph A. GENDER AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(15)60095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sato H, Takase S, Ozaki A, Wakayama T. Speed-Up of SAR Image Formation Processing using Graphics Processing Units. Informatics 2010. [DOI: 10.2316/p.2010.724-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sakai T, Yuasa K, Ozaki A, Sano M, Okuda R, Nakai T, Iida T. Genotyping of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates in Japan using amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:443-9. [PMID: 19674293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The major objective of the present study was to clarify genetic relationship of isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri in Japan, which was first found from ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in Japanese rivers in 2007. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten isolates of Edw. ictaluri in 2007-2008 from ayu and the 1 isolate from bagrid catfish Pelteobagrus nudiceps in Japan were subjected to amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The strains isolated from catfish in United States (ATCC strains) or Indonesia were used as reference strains. The AFLP profiles were all the same among the isolates from Japan, while the polymorphic DNA bands were observed among the strains from United States or Indonesia. The isolates from Japan and Indonesia constituted a genogroup different from the ATCC strains on a dendrogram constructed from the AFLP profiles. CONCLUSION No DNA polymorphisms were found among Japanese Edw. ictaluri isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A single clonality of the Edw. ictaluri isolates in Japan suggests the single source of the organism, and the infection in ayu is in the early stage of epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Minami-ise, Mie, Japan.
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Tagaya H, Uchiyama M, Kamei Y, Shibui K, Ozaki A, Tan X, Suzuki H, Okada-Aritake S, Li L. Subjective sleep duration was not related with sleep duration but with wake duration in healthy male volunteers. Clin Neurophysiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nabeshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Himeji St. Mary's Hospital, Hyogo, 670-0801, Japan.
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Castaño-Sanchez C, Fuji K, Hayashida K, Tagami M, Ozaki A, Hasegawa O, Sakamoto T, Kawai J, Hayashizaki Y, Okamoto N. A set of polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Anim Genet 2007; 38:75-6. [PMID: 17257193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed the first set of trinucleotide and tetranucleotide markers for the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. One hundred and sixty-seven polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellites were isolated using clones derived from two libraries. Of almost 200,000 clones analysed, 0.5% presented trinucleotide or tetranucleotide repeat regions. Among the trinucleotide repeats analysed in this study, the most frequent one was (CAG)(n) and the most common tetranucleotide repeat was (GATA)(n). The position of the new markers in the genetic linkage map was determined. Markers were evenly distributed along the P. olivaceus linkage groups, without distinction between the kinds of repeats and library of origin. The markers isolated in this study contribute significantly to the genetic linkage map of the Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castaño-Sanchez
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
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Shibasaki T, Hashimoto S, Mori H, Ozaki A. Construction of a novel hydroxyproline-producing recombinant Escherichia coli by introducing a proline 4-hydroxylase gene. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 90:522-5. [PMID: 16232902 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2000] [Accepted: 08/07/2000] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An Escherichia coli recombinant strain producing trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp) was constructed by introducing a proline 4-hydroxylase gene into an L-proline-producing E. coli. Plasmid pPF1, which contains a gene encoding feedback resistant gamma-glutamyl kinase (proB74), was constructed and introduced into E. coli W1485 putA. The recombinant E. coli W1485 putA/pPF1 strain produced L-proline (1.2 g/l). The proline production by W1485 putA/pPF1 was converted to Hyp production by introducing pWFH1 which contains a proline 4-hydroxylase gene. E. coli W1485 putA which harbors pWFP1 carrying the proline 4-hydroxylase gene, proB74, and proA produced 25 g/l of Hyp in 96 h. A novel biosynthetic pathway of Hyp, which has not previously been produced in E. coli, was constructed in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shibasaki
- Development Department, Bio-chemicals Company, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd., 6-1 Ohtemachi, 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8185, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Levels of p-t-butylphenol (PTBP), p-t-octylphenol (PTOP), p-nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in rubber products in food-contact use, infant-related use and other uses are reported. Of 60 rubber products tested, PTOP was found in three in a concentration range of 2.2-37 microgram g(-1), and NP in 15 in a concentration range of 2.6-513 microgram g(-1). PTBP and BPA were not found in any sample. PTOP and NP were not detected in any infant-related sample, regardless of the material type. In contrast, among the samples with food contact and with other uses, the percentages containing PTOP or NP were 33 and 43%, respectively. A migration test was performed on eight samples containing NP and used in food-contact environments. The migration level of NP from spatulas to n-heptane was 0.83-1.52 microgram ml(-1). The average migration rates to water, 20% ethanol and n-heptane were 0.03, 0.7 and 6.6%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan.
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Morishita Y, Oowada T, Ozaki A, Mizutani T. Galactooligosaccharide in combination with Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides affects the population of Clostridium perfringens in the intestine of gnotobiotic mice. Nutr Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Gardenia fruit (Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS) is widely used as a natural food colorant and as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hepatic and inflammatory diseases. "Gardenia yellow" is a natural food colorant which is extracted by ethanol from gardenia fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of gardenia yellow. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components, crocetin, gentiobiose (a component of crocin), geniposide and genipin (formed by hydrolysis of geniposide), was studied by Ames test, rec-assay, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) using V79 cells. Gardenia yellow and its components were found not to be mutagenic in the Salmonella reverse mutation assay. Gardenia yellow and genipin caused damage of DNA in rec-assay. Gardenia yellow induced a significant dose-dependent increase of SCE frequency (8.6 times at 1000 microg/ml as the value for the solvent control). Only genipin induced SCEs significantly among the components of gardenia yellow. Moreover, genipin induced a significant increase of tetraploids at all doses tested (95% at 8 microg/ml). Gardenia yellow preparation was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE), and geniposide was detected. However, genipin was not observed. In conclusion, we have shown that genipin possesses genotoxicity. Furthermore, there were unidentified genotoxicants in gardenia yellow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Fukushima A, Fukata K, Ozaki A, Takata M, Kuroda N, Enzan H, Ueno H. Exertion of the suppressive effects of IFN-gamma on experimental immune mediated blepharoconjunctivitis in Brown Norway rats during the induction phase but not the effector phase. Br J Ophthalmol 2002; 86:1166-71. [PMID: 12234900 PMCID: PMC1771302 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.86.10.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) knockout mice exhibit severe allergic conjunctivitis (AC), indicating that IFN-gamma regulates the development of AC. The authors examined whether this inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma is exerted during the induction or effector phase of experimental AC. METHODS Experimental immune mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (EC) was induced in Brown Norway (BN) rats, using ovalbumin (OVA) as the antigen. To investigate the role of IFN-gamma in the induction phase, EC was induced by active immunisation and IFN-gamma (10 micro g/time, total 70 micro g), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as a control, was injected intraperitoneally every other day from the day of immunisation. The rats were challenged with OVA eye drops 13 days after immunisation, and 24 hours later, the eyes were harvested for histology. To examine the effects of IFN-gamma in the effector phase, OVA specific T cells were transferred into syngeneic rats and IFN-gamma (10 micro g/time, total 50 micro g) or PBS was injected each day after the transfer until induction of EC 4 days later with an OVA challenge. To investigate the role of endogenous IFN-gamma during the effector phase, an anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody (3 mg/time) was injected on days 3 and 4. RESULTS Injection of IFN-gamma into actively immunised rats suppressed eosinophilic infiltration but not infiltration of mononuclear cells. In contrast, neither IFN-gamma nor anti-IFN-gamma affected EC in passively immunised rats. CONCLUSION IFN-gamma is a suppressive cytokine for the development of EC and exerts this suppressive effect during the induction phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fukushima
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku City, Japan.
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Matsumura-Takeda K, Kotosai K, Ozaki A, Hara H, Yamashita S. Rat granulocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-G) assay for the assessment of drug-induced hematotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2002; 16:281-8. [PMID: 12020602 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To assess the drug-induced hematotoxicity to granulocyte progenitors, we established a modified colony-forming assay using rat bone marrow cells (BMCs). In the presence of various colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), rat BMCs were disseminated on methylcellulose at a concentration of 1.3 x 10(4) cells/cm(2) (5 x 10(4) cells/0.5 ml/well in a 12-well plate). Mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) stimulated the formation of almost all macrophage colonies. Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) alone or in combination with mouse interleukin-3 (mIL-3) did not significantly effect on the number of rat colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C). When BMCs were seeded at 5.2 x 10(4) cells/cm(2) (5 x 10(5) cells/1 ml/dish in a 35-mm dish), hG-CSF increased the number of the colonies in a dose-dependent manner, and resulted in about 50 colonies at 50 ng/ml. The constituent cells of the colonies were identified as neutrophils. Under these conditions, the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on granulocyte colony-forming units (CFU-G) were examined in rats and mice. The inhibitory effect of 5-FU on rat CFU-G was similar to the effect on mouse CFU-G. These results indicate that the rat CFU-G induced by hG-CSF is capable of being used for the evaluation of drug-induced hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumura-Takeda
- Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokushima, Japan.
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Abstract
Lewis rats are prone to T helper (Th) 1 immune responses, whereas Brown Norway (BN) rats are susceptible to Th2 immune responses. Yet, the precise mechanism of induction of the different outcome between these two strains remained elusive. We investigated the expression levels of some cytokines, their receptors and accessory molecules responsible for the polarization of antigen-specific immune response into a predominant Th1 or Th2 profile in Lewis and BN rats. Lymph node (LN) cells collected from rats immunized with short ragweed (RW) were used directly or after stimulation in vitro with RW for 3 days. Expression of cytokines, their receptors and accessory molecules in these LN cells were tested by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Culture supernatant was used for ELISA to detect IL-12 protein. We observed clear differences between these strains in the expression of IL-12p40, which was high in LN cells of Lewis rats even before stimulation in vitro. In addition, a higher amount of IL-12 was present in the culture supernatant in Lewis rats. Upregulation of the expression of IL-12 receptor beta1, beta2, IFN-gamma receptor alpha and beta genes were more prominent in Lewis rats rather than BN rats. Furthermore, attenuated expression of CD40 and CD40 ligand by stimulation in vitro was noted only in BN rats. Changes in expression of these molecules by stimulation as well as higher basal level of IL-12p40 might have led to the activation of Th1 cells in Lewis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Japan
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Ozaki A, Sakamoto T, Khoo S, Nakamura K, Coimbra MR, Akutsu T, Okamoto N. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance/susceptibility to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Genet Genomics 2001; 265:23-31. [PMID: 11370869 DOI: 10.1007/s004380000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a well-known acute viral disease of salmonid species. We have identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to this disease in rainbow trout. We searched for linkage among 51 microsatellite markers used to construct a framework linkage map in backcross families of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), produced by crossing IPN-resistant (YN-RT201) and -susceptible (YK-RT101) strains. Two putative QTLs affecting disease resistance were detected on chromosomes A (IPN R S-1) and C (IPN R/S-2), respectively, suggesting that this is a polygenic trait in rainbow trout. These markers have great potential for use in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for IPN resistance and provide the basis for cloning of IPN resistance genes. Clarification of the genetic bases of complex traits has broad implications for fundamental research, but will also be of practical benefit to fish breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Minato, Japan
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Nakamura K, Ozaki A, Akutsu T, Iwai K, Sakamoto T, Yoshizaki G, Okamoto N. Genetic mapping of the dominant albino locus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mol Genet Genomics 2001; 265:687-93. [PMID: 11459189 DOI: 10.1007/s004380100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Albinism in animals is generally a recessive trait, but in Japan a dominant oculocutaneous albino (OCA) mutant strain has been isolated in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). After confirming that this trait is not due to a tyrosinase gene mutation that causes OCA1 (tyrosinase-negative OCA), we combined the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to map the gene involved in dominant oculocutaneous albinism. Four AFLP markers tightly linked to the dominant albino locus were identified. One of these markers was codominant and we have it converted into a GGAGT-repeat microsatellite marker, OmyD-AlbnTUF. Using this pentanucleotide-repeat DNA marker, the dominant albino locus has been mapped on linkage group G of a reference linkage map of rainbow trout. The markers identified here will facilitate cloning of the dominant albino gene in rainbow trout and contribute to a better understanding of tyrosinase-negative OCA in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Japan
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Endo T, Koizumi S, Tabata K, Kakita S, Ozaki A. Large-scale production of the carbohydrate portion of the sialyl-Tn epitope, alpha-Neup5Ac-(2-->6)-D-GalpNAc, through bacterial coupling. Carbohydr Res 2001; 330:439-43. [PMID: 11269395 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-Neup5Ac-(2-->6)-D-GalpNAc, the carbohydrate portion of sialyl-Tn epitope of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, was prepared by a whole-cell reaction through the combination of recombinant Escherichia coli strains and Corynebacterium ammoniagenes. Two recombinant E. coli strains overexpressed the CMP-Neup5Ac biosynthetic genes and the alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase gene of Photobacterium damsela. C. ammoniagenes contributed to the production of UTP from orotic acid. Alpha-Neup5Ac-(2-->6)-D-GalpNAc was accumulated at 87 mM (45 g/L) after a 25-h reaction starting from orotic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-D-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Endo
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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Ozaki A, Fukushima A, Fukata K, Ueno H. Effects of IL-4 and IL-12 on experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis in Brown Norway rats. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:28-34. [PMID: 11012614 PMCID: PMC1905743 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-4 are critical cytokines for Th1 and Th2 differentiation, respectively. To assess the roles of these cytokines in the development of experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (EC) in Brown Norway (BN) rats, their effects were tested either in vitro or in vivo. Draining lymph node cells from rats immunized with ragweed pollen (RW) in Al(OH)3 were collected and cultured for 3 days with RW in the presence of IL-4, IL-12, or PBS as a control. After harvesting the culture supernatants for cytokine ELISA and the cells for cytokine reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, 10 million cells were injected intravenously into syngeneic recipient rats (n = 12 per group). The rats were challenged with RW by eye drops 4 days after transfer. Eyes were harvested for histology 24 h later. Furthermore, IL-12 (500 ng per injection) or PBS was injected intraperitoneally every other day seven times from the day of active immunization (n = 6 per group). One day after the last injection, rats were challenged and EC was evaluated as above. Transfer of cells with IL-4 in vitro augmented eosinophilic infiltration in the conjunctiva compared with the other two groups, whereas IL-12 in vitro suppressed eosinophilic infiltration and increased lymphocytic infiltration. Interferon-gamma production was augmented by IL-12. IL-4 RNA expression was augmented by IL-4. IL-12 administration in vivo augmented lymphocytic infiltration in the conjunctiva without affecting infiltration of eosinophils. In conclusion, IL-4 and IL-12 either in vitro or in vivo augmented Th2 and Th1 immunity, respectively, thus leading to distinct histological features of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
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