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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Huang P. Research progress on the protective mechanism of a novel soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU on ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1083972. [PMID: 36846137 PMCID: PMC9945277 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1083972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic Acid (AA) is the precursor of cerebrovascular active substances in the human body, and its metabolites are closely associated with the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathway of AA has become a research hotspot. Furthermore, the CYP metabolic pathway of AA is regulated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) is a novel sEH inhibitor that exerts cerebrovascular protective activity. This article reviews the mechanism of TPPU's protective effect on ischemic stroke disease.
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Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Diabetes Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116232. [PMID: 35682911 PMCID: PMC9180978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can result in microvascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cerebral small vessel disease, and contribute to macrovascular complications, such as heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and large vessel stroke. T2DM also increases the risks of depression and dementia for reasons that remain largely unclear. Perturbations in the cytochrome P450-soluble epoxide hydrolase (CYP-sEH) pathway have been implicated in each of these diabetes complications. Here we review evidence from the clinical and animal literature suggesting the involvement of the CYP-sEH pathway in T2DM complications across organ systems, and highlight possible mechanisms (e.g., inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the unfolded protein response and autophagy) that may be relevant to the therapeutic potential of the pathway. These mechanisms may be broadly relevant to understanding, preventing and treating microvascular complications affecting the brain and other organ systems in T2DM.
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Zeigler M, Whittington D, Sotoodehnia N, Lemaitre RN, Totah RA. A sensitive and improved throughput UPLC-MS/MS quantitation method of total cytochrome P450 mediated arachidonic acid metabolites that can separate regio-isomers and cis/trans-EETs from human plasma. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 216:162-170. [PMID: 30201384 PMCID: PMC6269592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A method for the detection and quantification of hydroxyl and epoxy arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in human plasma was developed using liquid-liquid extraction, phospholipid saponification followed by derivatization of the acid moiety and liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric detection. Derivatization with a pyridinium analog allowed for detection in the positive ion mode, greatly improving sensitivity and the stability of the more labile AA metabolites. The entire method utilizes a 96-well plate format, increasing sample throughput, and was optimized to measure 5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 12-, 15-, 19-, and 20- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15- dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET), and the regio- and cis-/ trans- isomers of 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET). The method was validated for its applicability over the FA concentration range found in human plasma. Using 100 μL aliquots of pooled human plasma, EET levels, particularly 5,6-EET, were observed to be higher than previously reported, with measured concentrations of 23.6 ng/ml for 5,6-EET, 5.6 ng/mL for 5,6-trans-EET, 8.0 ng/mL for 8,9-EET, 1.9 ng/mL for 8,9-trans-EET, 8.8 ng/mL for 11,12-EET, 3.4 ng/mL for 11,12-trans-EET, 10.7 ng/mL for 14,15-EET, and 1.7 ng/mL 14,15-trans- EET. This method is suitable for large population studies to elucidate the complex interactions between the eicosanoids and various disease states and may be used for quantitation of a wide variety of fattyacids beyond eicosanoids from small volumes of human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Zeigler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Dale Whittington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Box 356422, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1360, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Fava C, Bonafini S. Eicosanoids via CYP450 and cardiovascular disease: Hints from genetic and nutrition studies. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Profiling inflammatory markers in patients with pneumonia on intensive care. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14736. [PMID: 30283005 PMCID: PMC6170441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical investigations lack predictive value when diagnosing pneumonia, especially when patients are ventilated and develop ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). New tools to aid diagnosis are important to improve outcomes. This pilot study examines the potential for a panel of inflammatory mediators to aid in the diagnosis. Forty-four ventilated patients, 17 with pneumonia and 27 with brain injuries, eight of whom developed VAP, were recruited. 51 inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and oxylipins, were measured in patients’ serum using flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. The mediators could separate patients admitted to ICU with pneumonia compared to brain injury with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.75 (0.61–0.90). Changes in inflammatory mediators were similar in both groups over the course of ICU stay with 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic and 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids increasing over time and interleukin-6 decreasing. However, brain injured patients who developed VAP maintained inflammatory profiles similar to those at admission. A multivariate model containing 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, could differentiate patients with VAP from brain injured patients without infection (AUROC 0.94 (0.80–1.00)). The use of a selected group of markers showed promise to aid the diagnosis of VAP especially when combined with clinical data.
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Reckelhoff JF. Sex Differences in Regulation of Blood Pressure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:139-151. [PMID: 30051382 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. There are gender differences in the prevalence of hypertension and in the mechanisms responsible for hypertension in humans. This review will discuss the mechanisms for regulation of blood pressure, sex differences that have been identified in animal studies, and the gender differences that have been identified in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Reckelhoff
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Women's Health Research Center and The Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Yi X, Lin J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhou Q. Interaction among CYP2C8, GPIIIa and P2Y12 variants increase susceptibility to ischemic stroke in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70811-70820. [PMID: 29050321 PMCID: PMC5642596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants in cytochrome P450 (CYP), platelet membrane receptor (P2Y12, P2Y1), and glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) genes are associated with the efficacy of clopidogrel and adverse clinical events on ischemic stroke (IS) patients. However, few studies have assessed whether gene-gene interactions among these genes influence the risk of IS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of fifteen variants with IS and to determine whether these gene-gene interactions increase the risk of IS. METHODS Fifteen variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, P2Y12, P2Y1 and GPIIIa genes were examined using mass spectrometry methods in 396 patients with IS and 378 controls. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. RESULTS Single-gene variant analysis showed no significant differences in the genotype distributions of the fifteen variants between IS patients and controls using the single-locus analytical approach. However, GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction among rs17110453A>C, rs2317676A>G, and rs16863323C>T, which scored 10 for cross-validation consistency and 9 for the sign test (P = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed that high-risk interactions among rs17110453A>C, rs2317676A>G, and rs16863323C>T were independent risk factor for IS after adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hemoglobin A1C (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.17-5.62, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS The rs17110453A>C, rs2317676A>G, and rs16863323C>T three-loci interaction may confer a higher risk for IS. The combinatorial analysis used in this study may be helpful to elucidate complex genetic risk factors for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ju Zhou
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang, China
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Koyama T, Kuriyama N, Ozaki E, Matsui D, Watanabe I, Takeshita W, Iwai K, Watanabe Y, Nakatochi M, Shimanoe C, Tanaka K, Oze I, Ito H, Uemura H, Katsuura-Kamano S, Ibusuki R, Shimoshikiryo I, Takashima N, Kadota A, Kawai S, Sasakabe T, Okada R, Hishida A, Naito M, Kuriki K, Endoh K, Furusyo N, Ikezaki H, Suzuki S, Hosono A, Mikami H, Nakamura Y, Kubo M, Wakai K. Genetic Variants of RAMP2 and CLR are Associated with Stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:1267-1281. [PMID: 28904253 PMCID: PMC5742372 DOI: 10.5551/jat.41517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Stroke is associated closely with vascular homeostasis, and several complex processes and interacting pathways, which involve various genetic and environmental factors, contribute to the risk of stroke. Although adrenomedullin (ADM) has a number of physiological and vasoprotective functions, there are few studies of the ADM receptor system in humans. The ADM receptor comprises a calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RAMP2 and CLR genes to determine their association with stroke in the light of gene-environment interactions. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study in the baseline surveys, 14,087 participants from 12 research areas were genotyped. We conducted a hypothesis-based association between stroke prevalence and SNPs in the RAMP2 and CLR genes based on data abstracted from two SNPs in RAMP2 and 369 SNPs in CLR. We selected five SNPs from among the CLR variants (rs77035639, rs3815524, rs75380157, rs574603859, and rs147565266) and one RAMP2 SNP (rs753152), which were associated with stroke, for analysis. RESULTS Five of the SNPs (rs77035639, rs3815524, rs75380157, rs147565266, and rs753152) showed no significant association with obesity, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. In the logistic regression analysis, rs574603859 had a lower odds ratio (0.238; 95% confidence interval, 0.076-0.745, adjusted for age, sex, and research area) and the other SNPs had higher odds ratios for association with stroke. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to investigate the relationships between ADM receptor genes (RAMP2 and CLR) and stroke in the light of gene-environment interactions in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Wakiko Takeshita
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Komei Iwai
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital
| | - Chisato Shimanoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hirokazu Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Islands and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Ippei Shimoshikiryo
- Department of International Islands and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | | | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Sayo Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tae Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kaori Endoh
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kyushu University
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Akihiro Hosono
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Yi X, Lin J, Li J, Zhou Q, Han Z. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids are Mediated by EPHX2 Variants and may be a Predictor of Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:1258-1266. [PMID: 28835580 PMCID: PMC5742371 DOI: 10.5551/jat.41145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigatethe association of plasma epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) with early neurologic deterioration (END), and whether EETs are mediated by EPHX2 variants in patients with minor ischemic stroke (MIS). Method: This was a prospective, multi-center observational study in patients with acute MIS in the Chinese population.Plasma EETs levels were measured on admission. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EPHX2rs751141 were genotyped using mass spectrometry. The primary outcome was END within 10 days after admission. END was defined as an increase in NIHSS of 2 or more points. The degree of disability was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months after admission. Results: A total of 322 patients were enrolled, of which 85 patients (26.4%) experienced END. The mean EETs level was 64.1 ± 7.5 nmol/L. EETs levels were significantly lower in patients with END compared to patients without END. Frequency of EPHX2 rs751141 GG was higher in patients with END than in patients without END, and EPHX2 rs751141 GG genotype was associated with lower EETs levels. Low level (< 64.4 nmol/L) of EETs was an independent predictor of END (first and second quartiles) in multivariate analyses. END was associated with a higher risk of poor outcome (mRS scores 3–6) at 3 months. Conclusion: END is fairly common and associated with poor outcomes in acute MIS. EPHX2 variants may mediate EETs levels, and low levels of EETs may be a predictor for END in acute MIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
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Yi X, Lin J, Wang C, Zhou Q. CYP Genetic Variants, CYP Metabolite Levels, and Neurologic Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Population. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:969-978. [PMID: 27916259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of neurologic deterioration (ND) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between CYP genetic variants and CYP metabolite levels with ND in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of seven CYP genes were genotyped in 396 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The CYP plasma metabolite levels (20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [HETE], total epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [EETs], and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids [DiHETEs]) were also assessed. The primary outcome was ND within 10 days on admission. ND was defined as an increase of two or more points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. RESULTS Among 396 patients, 101 patients (25.5%) experienced ND. The plasma levels of 20-HETE and DiHETEs were significantly higher and the EET levels were significantly lower in patients with ND compared to patients without ND. Univariate analyses revealed that old age, diabetes mellitus (DM), higher fasting glucose, and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were associated with ND. CYP2C8 rs17110453 CC, EPHX2 rs751141 GG, and CYP4A11 rs9333025 GG were independently associated with ND after adjusting age, DM, fasting glucose, and HbA1c (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-3.72; OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.29-7.13; OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17-6.24, respectively). Also, these polymorphisms were associated with CYP metabolite levels in patients with ND. CONCLUSIONS ND is fairly common in acute ischemic stroke. Specific CYP gene SNPs are associated with CYP plasma metabolite levels, which may explain their associations with ND. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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