Synthesis, predictions of drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetic properties of some chiral thioureas as potent enzyme inhibition agents

An overview of the privileged synthetic heterocycles as urease enzyme inhibitors: Structure-activity relationship

Urease is a metalloenzyme including two Ni2+ ions, found in some plants, bacteria, fungi, microorganisms, invertebrate animals, and animal tissues. Urease acts as a significant virulence factor, mainly in catheter blockage and infective urolithiasis as well as in the pathogenesis of gastric infection. Therefore, studies on urease lead to novel synthetic inhibitors. In this review, the synthesis and antiurease activities of a collection of privileged synthetic heterocycles such as (thio)barbiturate, (thio)urea, dihydropyrimidine, and triazol derivatives were described and discussed according to structure-activity relationship findings in search of the best moieties and substituents that are answerable for encouraging the desired activity even more potent than the standard. It was found that linking substituted phenyl and benzyl rings to the heterocycles led to potent urease inhibitors.

Design, in Silico Studies and Biological Evaluation of New Chiral Thiourea and 1,3-Thiazolidine-4,5-dione Derivatives

In this study, new chiral thiourea and 1,3-thiazolidine-4,5-dione derivatives were synthesized, it was aimed to evaluate the various biological activities and molecular docking of these compounds. Firstly, the new thioureas (1-16) were obtained by reacting 1-naphthylisothiocyanate with different chiral amines. Then, the chiral thioureas were cyclized with oxalyl chloride to obtain 1,3-thiazolidine-4,5-dione derivatives (17-32). All compounds were evaluated with several in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. Compound 30 was the most active compound against AChE, with a value of IC50 =8.09±0.58 μM. On the other hand, all compounds were tested in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) assays to better understand their bioavailability. These physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and drug-likeness of all compounds were calculated using SwissADME. Furthermore, according to molecular docking analyses compound 30 exhibited significant binding affinities for all enzymes. Based on our overall observations, compound 30 could be recommended as a potential lead for the therapuetic of Alzheimer's.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiourea Derivatives

Objective: A new series of 4-[3-(substitutedphenyl)thioureido]-N-(6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide were synthesized from sulfaclozine. Methods: All compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. In addition to the antioxidant activity of the synthesis series, enzyme inhibition activities such as anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glycosidase were determined for the first time in this study. Results: According to these biological activity test results, compound 2a in the DPPH, 2c in the ABTS˙+ assay exhibited more antioxidant activity than reference standard. All thiourea derivatives demonstrated good BChE inhibitory activity than galantamine. Among the compounds, 2e and 2f showed the best tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity, while 2g had the best α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. In addition, we evaluated the druglikeness properties of compounds and their oral bioavailability were also found to be high. Conclusion: Thiourea derivatives exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition activity against tyrosinase, cholinesterase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase.