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Sepehri S, Khedmati M. An overview of the privileged synthetic heterocycles as urease enzyme inhibitors: Structure-activity relationship. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300252. [PMID: 37401193 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Urease is a metalloenzyme including two Ni2+ ions, found in some plants, bacteria, fungi, microorganisms, invertebrate animals, and animal tissues. Urease acts as a significant virulence factor, mainly in catheter blockage and infective urolithiasis as well as in the pathogenesis of gastric infection. Therefore, studies on urease lead to novel synthetic inhibitors. In this review, the synthesis and antiurease activities of a collection of privileged synthetic heterocycles such as (thio)barbiturate, (thio)urea, dihydropyrimidine, and triazol derivatives were described and discussed according to structure-activity relationship findings in search of the best moieties and substituents that are answerable for encouraging the desired activity even more potent than the standard. It was found that linking substituted phenyl and benzyl rings to the heterocycles led to potent urease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Sepehri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mina Khedmati
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Milović E, Janković N, Petronijević J, Joksimović N, Kosanić M, Stanojković T, Matić I, Grozdanić N, Klisurić O, Stefanović S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydropyrimidines: Dual-Activity and Mechanism of Action. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102254. [PMID: 36297686 PMCID: PMC9610702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of the novel tetrahydropyrimidines-THPMs are described. THPMs are well-known for wide pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, etc. This research includes obtained results of in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the eleven novel THPMs. An antibiotic assessment was done against five bacteria (two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative) and five fungi by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), using the broth tube dilution method. The most active antibacterial compounds were 4a, 4b, and 4d, while the best antifungal activity was shown by 4e, 4f, and 4k. The lowest MIC value (0.20 mg/mL) was measured for 4e, 4f, and 4k against the Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Moreover, examining the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed the compound 4g as the one with the best activity. The cytotoxic activity was performed on the tumor cell lines (HeLa, K562, and MDA-MB-231) and normal cells (MRC-5). The best antitumor activity was shown by compounds 4b and 4k against HeLa cell lines. The influence on cell cycle and mechanism of action of the most active compounds were examined too. Compound 4b had good antibacterial and anticancer activities, while 4k showed promising antifungal and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Milović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jelena Petronijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Joksimović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kosanić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nađa Grozdanić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Klisurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srđan Stefanović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Bukhari SNA, Ejaz H, Elsherif MA, Janković N. Synthesis and Characterization of Dihydrouracil Analogs Utilizing Biginelli Hybrids. Molecules 2022; 27:2939. [PMID: 35566289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrouracil presents a crucial intermediate in the catabolism of uracil. The vital importance of uracil and its nucleoside, uridine, encourages scientists to synthesize novel dihydrouracils. In this paper, we present an innovative, fast, and effective method for the synthesis of dihydrouracils. Hence, under mild conditions, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid was used to cleave the carbon-sulfur bond of the Biginelli hybrids 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-ones. This approach led to thirteen novel dihydrouracils synthesized in moderate-to-high yields (32-99%).
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